urban design thesis on public spaces

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Revitalized Public Spaces: Fostering Human Connections in Cities

• Written by Paula Pintos
• Published on August 18, 2020

Public space has always been a top priority in every city’s urban planning agenda and given today’s world context, these urban spaces have emerged as fundamental elements of cities and neighborhoods. Plazas, squares, and parks, undeniable necessities in the urban fabric, have become, today, more vital than ever.

Not only do these spaces have a positive impact on health, but they generate recreational space to exercise, play, meet, and socialize with others. In addition, quality public and open spaces are key in generating human connections within cities’ neighborhoods. Having an open space to enjoy, certainly prompts a sense of community and belonging to one’s own proximate environment, whilst creating positive psychological effects by establishing relationships between members of the community. 

To provide people with accessible, human-centered, quality spaces, cities have sought help from architects. In fact, the high demand for these types of places required excellent design and architectural value. Below is a selection of projects that have successfully regenerated existing urban spaces and transformed them into active and vibrant squares, plazas, and riverfronts.

Israels Plads Square / Cobe + Sweco Architects

The plaza also works as a transition between two worlds, the city, and the neighboring park. The landscape character of the park continues into the plaza in the form of the organic pattern of trees. Towards east and west, the plaza is raised up and folded to provide niches. In addition, it has a sculptural expression that refers to its historical past as part of the fortifications. The surface functions as a large urban playground and a space for activity. The idea with the new Israels Plads is to celebrate the significance and the history of the site and revitalize it, turning it into a vibrant, diverse plaza for all kinds of people - for leisure, culture, activity and public events.

Superblock of Sant Antoni / Leku Studio

A people-centred planning that offers the opportunity to gain new public spaces by creating proximity squares in the chamfer corners and green-healthy streets where previously there were cars. Where previously there was an urban highway, now there is a healthy street full of life and green, where there was a traffic intersection now there is a liveable plaza. Car noise has been replaced by children playing, cheerful conversations between neighbours or elderly people chess games ... The transformation continues together with this flexible landscape capable of integrating new changes derived from urban testing and social innovation.

V-Plaza Urban Development / 3deluxe architecture

What was previously a largely unused space adjoined by historical buildings is now becoming a new, inviting public amenity where you can casually enjoy a coffee in your lunch break or get some work done outdoors while children play in the water, young people skate and students relax in the sun… The real challenge was to preserve cultural heritage while creating space for social transformation. And the solution was innovative architecture that caters to the needs of today’s society: bright, friendly, open, and connecting.

Memory of the Land / NODE Architecture & Urbanism

Based on thorough field investigation, the following strategies were proposed: 1. Separate pedestrians from vehicular traffic to give way to slow-traffic circulation and ensure safe daily trips of residents; 2. Highlight the functional characteristics of each public space and simplify/enhance the existing site as needed; 3. Enhance the slow-traffic loop and public experience, and link up the industrial exhibition area, river landscape, community park, market, theater, and buildings of different historical periods to offer diverse daily experience.

Azatlyk, Central Square of Naberezhnye Chelny / DROM

We transformed the square into a captivating, dynamic public space with multi-character environments and qualities that are inclusive of different groups of people. In place of the former central axis, we created a “city carpet” that functions as three squares, each with its own unique character: The Event Square is a paved urban space that is also used for weekly outdoor markets. The “Green Square” is for relaxing on the lawn and enjoying the seasonal landscaping by the city’s planting department. The Cultural Square has a renovated fountain and a new shallow pool for playing in water on hot days. This square is connected to the municipality and a movie theater that is located inside.  

Skanderbeg Square / 51N4E

The project’s landscaping was studied anew, and turned into a local ecosystem anticipating the creation of a new urban ecology for the city. Local species were chosen to increase the system’s natural resistance by reacting to ongoing climate change. Trees, shrubs and perennials were combined to foster urban biodiversity and control the city center’s microclimate. Albania’s nature’s richness in diverse species and varieties is thus valorized, allowing public space to assume bot recreational and educative functions.

Tainan Spring / MVRDV

The mall’s underground parking level has been transformed into a sunken public plaza dominated by an urban pool and verdant local plants and surrounded by a shadowed arcade. The pool has been carefully planned to be a perfect gathering spot for all seasons: the water level will rise and fall in response to the rainy and dry seasons, and in hot weather mist sprayers will reduce the local temperature to provide welcome relief to visitors, reducing the use of air conditioning in the summer months. This space hosts playgrounds, gathering spaces, and a stage for performances, while the artful deconstruction of the building’s concrete frame has left a number of follies that can in due course be converted to shops, kiosks, and other amenities.

Victoria on the River / Edwards White Architects

 At a macro level, the design seeks to establish a park that serves two functions. Firstly, as a destination where people can pause, interact, and enjoy river views. Secondly as a device that links the disparate levels of the lower river path, upper promenade, and main street. For some, it’s a space to play, for some a place to contemplate, a place to find solitude or a place to be in community. For others, it’s a means of access or a place to exercise. A new market, concerts, yoga classes, boot camps, skateboarders, meeting friends to eat together, all occupy this space. Sitting down in the park and overhearing both young and old as they discover it for the first time is a real joy.

Niederhafen River Promenade / Zaha Hadid Architects

With construction of all phases now complete, the redevelopment of Hamburg ’s Niederhafen flood protection barrier re-connects its river promenade with the surrounding urban fabric of the city; serving as a popular riverside walkway while also creating links with adjacent neighbourhoods. A minimum width of ten metres ensures this popular riverside promenade offers generous public spaces for pedestrians, joggers, street performers, food stalls and cafes. Shops and public utilities are also accommodated within the structure at street level facing the city. Wide staircases resembling small amphitheatres are carved within the flood protection barrier at points where streets from the adjacent neighbourhoods meet the structure; giving passers-by at street level views of the people strolling along the promenade at the top of the barrier as well as views of the masts and superstructures of ships in the Elbe.

Note: The quoted texts are excerpts from the archived descriptions of each project, previously sent by the architects. Find more reference projects in this My ArchDaily folder created by the author.

This article is part of the ArchDaily Topic: How Will We Live Together . Every month we explore a topic in-depth through articles, interviews, news, and projects. Learn more about our monthly topics here . As always, at ArchDaily we welcome the contributions of our readers; if you want to submit an article or project, contact us .

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Extending the Physical Public Realm: The ‘Third Place’ as a Charged Interstitial Space

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THESIS: Urban Design and Development of a Public Space

Urban Design and Development of a Public Space at the City of Kitchener’s Intermodal Transit Hub

Abstract by Tahoora Alimohammadi

This thesis uses a case study approach at the proposed Transit Hub for the City of Kitchener to focus on opportunities for a high quality public space/square to better integrate a new LRT line and a new GO/VIA rail station into the surrounding city. The conceptual framework of this thesis is to create a public space at Kitchener transit hub in order to transform the space into a new interface where people can experience a fulfilling urban life. This design proposal seeks to create an intimate relationship between public life, infrastructure and people. In addition, this proposal envisions a series of diagrams of the Edward T. Hall’s Proxemics strategy, a non-contact communication, to experiment with the adequacy of all the defined spaces.

Within the city of Kitchener, much has already been done to establish the presence of urban design at the human scale, to integrate contemporary ideas into the design of buildings, and to enhance historic natural retreats like Victoria Park. However, little has been done to integrate the expanded opportunities for new design of work and living opportunities in the city center with the proposal of a new intermodal transit hub in the heart of that growing downtown core.

The combination of both of those aspects will look at how to create a healthy, people-oriented public environment that will also transfer people from one mode of transit to another. With the surrounding new mixed-use developments and the heritage architecture of Kitchener’s industrial past, the case study demonstrates the typical situation facing most urban centres undertaking transit expansion in Ontario.

Supervisor:  Val Rynnimeri, University of Waterloo

Committee Members:

Terri Boake, University of Waterloo

Reema Masri, Masri O Inc. Architects

External Reader:  Patrick Simmons, Robertson Simmons Architects Inc.

The defence examination will take place on Thursday November 26, 2015 at 1:30pm in ARC 2003 at the University of Waterloo School of Architecture.

A copy of the thesis is available for perusal in ARC 2106A.

About Sneha Sumanth

Sneha Sumanth is a graduate student at the University of Waterloo School of Architecture. Her role in BRIDGE involves overseeing the website and publications. Her thesis work looks at the relationship of energy and architecture in the offshore infrastructure of the Santa Barbara Channel in California.

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15 Architecture Thesis Topics for Urban Architecture

Urban Architecture has consistently been a trending architecture thesis topic among the students. And before we go deep into the variety of topics that can be used we must understand what exactly is Urban Architecture?

One could say urban architecture refers to any building type that establishes an appreciable relationship with its surrounding context, the built environment , and the community itself. It comprises buildings that are mostly located in urban areas, are accessible, and are meant to serve the public at large. Its purpose hence would be to make society better. Indeed, people are indeed strongly affected by building forms and facades. According to research, the main cause of ‘social stress’ in urban environments is often the absence of social bonding and interconnection in city landscapes . Design that stimulates social and urban cohesion is hence, very important for good community living. This is where urban architecture comes in; a holistic approach to the subject may result in projects like iconic skyscrapers or even residential developments . However, the focus revolves around enhancing the experience of people who are connected to the architecture.

When choosing to do a architecture thesis project on the subject of urban architecture, one needs to understand the platitude of areas and scopes encompassed by the field. There are indeed endless possibilities and avenues to explore that intend to serve the interests of the public, and also make community life better.

Before you delve into the list of topics of urban architecture to choose from, make that:

• You understand the subject thoroughly. Choose a topic relevantly and appealing to your interests, especially prospects, masters, or a job.
• You discuss it with your thesis advisor so that he can comprehend your intent and help you through the course of the project .
• The topic does not necessarily have to be unique. It also should not be something that has been tried and tested far too many times.it is because your work is what would represent you. Make sure, it speaks of who you are and what you want to do.

Here are a few options for viable architecture thesis topics that you could choose to look at.

1. Low-cost housing | Architecture Thesis

As more and more people are moving to dense urban cities like New York , in search of a better quality of living and opportunities, the city population is on the rise. As is the cost of living, making low-cost housing a dire need of societies, as low-income residents have limited choices for affordable living. When affordable housing complexes were being constructed ever since the mid-20 th century, these projects were often seen as monumental solutions to provide economical living spaces to large groups of people. Hence, even with the best of intentions of the designers, the imposing towers often turned out to be negligent of human scale, and were often more inhospitable and discouraging for communities, leaving them feeling more isolated and unwelcome.

However, a rising interest in the area since recent years has seen a rise in alternative solutions to the outdated models. Low-cost, affordable housing is not seen as merely buildings creating decent spaces for living, but also using sustainable building features to reduce costs, maintenance and to help improve the quality of life and belongingness for residents, allowing them to feel more connected to not just the resources, but also to communities and the spaces outside.

2. Art and Heritage museum

To design a building that is important not only for the preservation of the history of the community but to also integrate members of the community and to what they share. This topic uses a method that looks at the study not only qualitatively, but also based on a theoretical foundation, with the acute understanding that comes from familiarizing oneself with concepts and standards of museums, exhibition spaces, contextualism, and exhibit care and preservation.

The project should not only focus on respecting the importance of the historical context, but also ensure that it avoids the damage of pieces of its past. It should shed light on the concept of the museum itself, the types of functions and activities it would encourage, the form and physicality of the building, and the interconnectivity between different elements of the museum . The journey of a user and the enriching experience that the museum provides, concerning its displays but to communal spaces of social interaction and discussion should also be of high value when taking this topic.

3. Airport of Urban Architecture Thesis

Many countries in the world, including the USA, are suffering from outdated aviation infrastructure, with most airports being more than 40 years old, and a lot of money being spent on the revamp, expansion or construction to meet the challenging new needs of today. Design-wise, architects need to not only provide solutions for the necessary functioning and program of the airport , but also to enhance the experience of travel for the visitors, which includes interesting features for wayfinding, atriums for nature incorporation and natural light, state-of-the-art visual elements, and huge spaces for sightseeing and rest, as well cultural experiences which encapsulate the context of the airport, gardens, and desert landscapes. The project area also has a lot of potential for experimentation with physical form and modelmaking, which could induce a sense of awe for the public at large.

The functional aspects, of course, include catering to huge parking spaces, checking and security posts, luggage management areas, lobby areas, airport maintenance spaces, airplane ramps, and cargos, and many others, as well as allowing for the potential for future expansion. Thus, airports not only present an interesting challenge for a thesis topic but are also one that provides extensive avenues to understand the flexibility of a space which is in fact the cardinal space a visitor comes into contact with when entering a new city or a country. Hence, holding great social importance. The change seen in recent airport designs does indeed seem like a promising area to work in.

4. Cinema and theatre architecture

Cinemas and theatres are interesting places, where the anticipation to experience is just as important as the actual film or performance itself. This is why the design and nature of the building hold such great importance.  It should in some way, either reflect the magnitude of the experience that it would showcase, or subdue itself against the marvel of the performance . Either way, it should be taken as a work of art, as architectural icons as done so in the past, which communicate the spirit of the times through the design.

The building requires a careful understanding of the program; it features their relationships with one another, the type of circulation from one space to another, and the allowance of gathering spaces with technical ones as well. The seating arrangement, sound buffering, technical knowledge must be handled as meticulously as possible, as close attention to the sound, visuals, and theatrics are what greatly enhance the experience of the performance. This is why this is also a very fascinating topic, for a building that integrates different groups of society and brings them together to experience a shared feature.

5. Skyscraper design | Architecture Thesis

Living in a time when the competition to rise, to go higher, and to reach greater heights resonates with the fact that there is an ever-increasing desire to build very tall buildings. By definition, a skyscraper is a building that exceeds 330 feet in height. Yet the contemporary approach is not only to reach unattainable heights in construction, but it is also to rejuvenate thinking abilities, and present inventions with cutting-edge designs, that also meet the function of the building with elegance and pride. From encompassing different architectural movements like art deco and modernism, skyscraper designs also look at the intensive technical understanding of how high-rise work, the relationship of functionality between different floors, structural knowledge, and the municipalities that come with handling such delicate tasks.

6. Suburban housing community

Suburban homes provide an avenue to understand a huge sector of society without directly destroying existing structures. They should be able to cater to the needs of the ever-changing dynamic of the public, to provide a potential for future expansion, and to provide an environment of ownership that allows for a comforting feeling of belongingness that leads to greater social integration.

The nature of the task often involves dealing with multiple stakeholders that are directly associated with such regions, including developers and the municipal government. Therefore, this subject involves a meticulous understanding of the way rules and regulations work, sizing, areas and appropriate zoning, transportation, and also a critical comprehension of the associated infrastructure required to cater to the needs of residential living, and of course, the quality of life.

7. Marine park design of Urban Architecture

Projects paying attention to marine life can help bring new life into waterfront areas and can also provide a point of interest for the entire region itself. There exists in our society an absence of awareness regarding marine ecosystems, especially informal sectors, which has resulted in a lack of opportunities, care, and resources available for marine life. Thus, a thesis project on this topic would not be addressing the administrative concerns related to marine life, but could also cater to providing a recreational public space , where visitors can appreciate and interact with marine life along with exhibition spaces intended to create awareness for the general public.

Whilst taking the project a step ahead, a proper research institute could also be designed to further the knowledge available of the oceans and the organisms that inhabit them. These institutes with research facilities and equipment could provide areas for analysis, experimentation, and research for discovery. Thus, this project would not only help educate the public at large, but help generate revenue as a popular tourist attraction, and plant seeds for much-needed research of marine life.

8. Convention center of Urban Architecture

A convention center is a public building of urban architecture meant to convey ideas and knowledge. It is also perceived to be more like the expansion of a town hall, where people having shared interests, goals, though, religion, or professions, could gather to interact, communicate, learn, and make decisions regarding the public realm. Hence, it is a space that caters to large groups of people, providing them with communal spaces that encourage different uses as well as appropriate exhibition spaces. 

Furthermore, since a convention center is meant to act as a medium for discourse, the first thing to consider is to develop a concept that would intend to attract people. It should have easy accessibility, be welcoming and fascinating and its spaces should be able to provide the necessary means for it to function efficiently and effectively. 

9. Library of Urban Architecture Thesis

In the modern age of digitalization, the internet and technology have greatly transformed the manner in which we consume information. With this rapidly changing paradigm, the traditional function of a library is put on a pedestal and called to question. While it is true that the physical collection of books in a certain environment as compared to quick access to data using the internet does question the sustainability of a public library and the resources it offers, we must also keep in mind that a library also functions as a flexible space, that can be transformed to an active social space, agent for interaction and societal growth.

It must not only be considered to be a space that allows access to information, but also an environment that encourages discourse, communication, and exchange of meaningful ideas between people from different ages and social groups. With this in mind, a public library must be considered as one of the most democratic building types available, and one that has huge potential to add value to community development, growth, resource, and service. Therefore, with the sensitivity that comes with designing a library comes great responsibility, and this must be looked at as an area with the potential to be explored as a vital public asset.

10. School of art and design

Projects that are practical solutions to community needs also have greater impacts on communities socially as well as economically. A thesis of urban architecture at a School for Art and Design could immensely help in this regard. It would only provide a platform for artists, architects, students, and citizens from various fields and social groups to gather and interact, share ideas and learn through conventional as well as modern ways and activities. This center would also enable these artists to share and exhibit their work and experiences through exhibition spaces, seminars, events, and conferences with members of their own community and the wider world through event halls, conference rooms, and libraries for research and learning.

With a learning institute as part of the program, the center would also allow aspiring artists to develop skills through formal training as well as informal activities. Thus, this institute would help create inclusivity in society but integrating different groups of people with a shared interest throughout the day and hence, year. It would also act as a viable magnet for social interaction between professionals, beneficial for the community and the campus. This, in turn, would enhance and regenerate the urban fabric, add depth to the context of the city and help drive the society forward in a positive direction. A thesis conducted on this topic, therefore, would allow you to look at art as a potential field to a group and bring communities together to appreciate the marvel that is an art and its ability to create change in the contemporary world.

11. Bus terminal cum commercial complex

Transit facilities are indeed one of the most important and vital functions of a city itself. They constitute some of the most important goals of the city and its government by inviting a large number of people to the city, merges different groups of crows, and bring in opportunities of work and living for the masses, thus building the scope of urban architecture. Therefore, smooth and better transit provides ground for future development and helps the urban fabric to grow incredibly. Transit not only improves the urban squares and nodes, and provides a push to less developed areas to allow them to be at par with the rest of the city.

Understanding the scope of development associated with a bus terminal with a commercial complex attached as an additional function thus presents itself as an interesting topic to pursue. It would not only group different travelers with one another but also with the locals, allowing them to appreciate and value local culture and tradition, as well as activities that integrate the urban living community.

12. Sports stadium of Urban Architecture

A stadium is one of the building typologies that have the power to shape the city or town it is located in. it not only helps put the city on the maps but also establishes an identity for the community and provides a tourist attraction and a focal point in its landscape. It is thus, a huge actor of theatrics that represents the output of a sport, and has a significant role for the city with regards to politics, geography, as well as socio-economics.

Thus, a sports stadium should not be looked at as a revenue-generating machine, but a building type that should be sustainable, iconic in design, with strong structural understanding for it to be considered a marvel in civic urban architecture. It requires a comprehensive understanding of various issues related to planning and design, which also cater to increased interaction and ease of access to its activities, and the environment is contained and encouraged.

13. Resort design | Architecture Thesis

A resort is a place that caters to accommodation, leisure, and recreation. It provides for a variety of activities and luxury in scenic areas and is able to house different groups of people together. Some facilities provided include rooms or huts, swimming pools , sports grounds, gyms, fine dining areas, halls for events, and many others.

Resort tourism is an area that is rapidly gaining popularity. It has a lot of municipalities involved that are often delicate in nature so as to provide high levels of comfort for its users. Therefore, it often talks about large scales, an attractive form that is meant to attract the general public, and advanced equipment and management strategies. It is indeed an interesting topic to consider when one wants to work on an area that not only deals with program efficiency but also the psychological impacts of effective design strategies. 

14. Religious buildings

An architecture thesis of urban architecture on religious buildings is a fascinating area to work on. It provides an avenue to create places with identity and an environment that awakens the senses and the emotions, enhances the experience, and provides a platform for spiritual practice. It should be kept in mind that the metaphysical concerns and experiences can largely be enhanced using effective space strategies that will come with a keen understanding of spatial and urban architecture.

Thus, space aims to heighten the experience of religion and spirituality and tends to cater to the tangible and intangible aspects of architecture, that involve senses. It is, therefore, a great challenge for architects to design spaces for religious activities, but also one that provides that greater amount of emotional appraisal. The modern religious building not only functions as only a religious center but also provides opportunities for people to come together and engage in communal activities. This is another aspect that architects need to consider when designing religious centers for contemporary times.

15. Educational Institute for rural children

With the understanding that urban architecture paves the way for enhancing the educational process with effective plan strategies and expression of detail, the topic provides an opportunity to explore this area with the development of an educational institute for rural children. This would not only emphasize the importance of education for all sectors of society but would allow meaningful involvement of the community for development projects meant to improve the quality of life for the rural sectors.

The planning involved would recognize the basic functions needed to run a school, especially in a rural setting with a standard of quality education kept in mind. There is an urgent need for developers to look at this area in society, as existing schools do not meet the typical standard, which in turn affects the educational lives of its students, making them unable to perform effectively to become important assets for their society. Thus, this topic for social responsibility helps to integrate schools and the community, with the building serving as a reflection of ideas of both its place and time through its design, concept, and function.

An Architect by profession, a writer, artist, and baker by interest, Amna Pervaiz sees Architecture and Urban Planning as a multifaceted avenue allowing her to explore a plethora of disciplinary elements. She sees the field as an untapped canvas; a journey she hopes would one day lead her towards social responsibility and welfare.

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The quest of publicness: how public are public spaces the particularity of damascus' old city.

This study presents the assessment of publicness in urban design by addressing how public are public spaces in the old city of Damascus, Syria. In the late twentieth century, the ancient city of Damascus was labeled as world heritage, and its urban fabric was protected by UNESCO. The traditional old city is the subject of many rehabilitations and renovation projects by local public authorities and many international NGOs. Mainly due to the civil conflict ongoing in Syria. Two overlapping frameworks were suggested to approach the publicness in the old city of Damascus. The first one addressed identifying public spaces as part of the urban designs in the old city, using a selection of criteria sited over three dimensions of urban designs theory. The first one is the morphological dimension, concerning the spatial structure of urban spaces, containing three criteria: layout, landscape, and scale. The second one is the social dimension, tackling the convoluted relationships between users and spaces; this dimension´s criteria encompass identity, security, and use. The last dimension is functional, which addresses the day-to-day function of the space´s constituent elements, presented in the selected criteria of access and control. The second framework assesses the level of publicness by applying chosen publicness indicators on targeted public spaces. The indicators are divaricated from three publicness dimensions of ownership, management, and accessibility. The ownership indicators include property and functions. The management dimension indicators include the type of management, presence of control, physical maintenance, and provision of facilities. While the accessibility dimension has three indicators: centrality and connections, visual permeability, and thresholds and gateways. The structure and narrative of Damascus’s old city showed a complex system of public spaces formed by a combination of Mediterranean cities’ public spaces and Arab-Islamic cities´ urbanism. Maintaining privacy and security was the main motive behind adopting the current spaces hierarchy in the traditional old city. Out of the diverse range of public spaces in the old city of Damascus, five of them were chosen for the publicness assessment, which includes: The main streets, the Harat, the secondary streets, the Cul-de-sacs, and the house´s courtyards. Each of these spaces´ publicness was assessed by applying the aforementioned publicness indicators, using the analyzed information and graphical data provided for this study. As a result of this assessment, the public spaces of Damascus´s old city vary in the level of publicness; they mirror the gradual transition from public to private through its level of publicness. This corresponds to the exploration journey from the city´s public areas outside the wall into its street network to reach the private areas of the houses. In the end, the assessment of public spaces revealed that each public space has its own particular publicness qualities, which may affect its level of publicness. Some spaces may have the same generic level of publicness, whether it is public, semi-public, semi-private, or private. Still, one of them will be more public than the other. The publicness of any public space will remain distinct from other spaces´ publicness, which reflects the particularity of the old city of Damascus public spaces.

Download: https://hdl.handle.net/1822/75789

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Assessing the impacts of autonomous vehicles on urban sprawl.

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Booth, L.; Karl, C.; Farrar, V.; Pettigrew, S. Assessing the Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles on Urban Sprawl. Sustainability 2024 , 16 , 5551. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135551

Booth L, Karl C, Farrar V, Pettigrew S. Assessing the Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles on Urban Sprawl. Sustainability . 2024; 16(13):5551. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135551

Booth, Leon, Charles Karl, Victoria Farrar, and Simone Pettigrew. 2024. "Assessing the Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles on Urban Sprawl" Sustainability 16, no. 13: 5551. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135551

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Green and Digital Economy for Sustainable Development of Urban Areas

• NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
• Published: 16 December 2020
• Volume 10 , pages 583–592, ( 2020 )

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• A. B. Savchenko 1 &
• T. L. Borodina 2  

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The article proposes an original typology of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030, which makes it possible to formulate methods and criteria for sustainable urban development (SDG-11) via other SDGs. Due to digitalization, all ten branches of the green economy can give breakthrough effects in ensuring the sustainable development of urbanized areas. Although the elements of the green economy are historically organic to Russian urbanization, it is not possible to solve the main problem of sustainable development of Russia’s modern spatial development on the existing technological basis: the growing contradictions between the trends of hyperconcentration of the population and the economy in a small (for Russia’s size) number of megacities and, in parallel, their critical deconcentration on the periphery. The consistent implementation of the capabilities of the technological mode based on integration of the digital and green economies creates opportunities for significantly increased productivity in the infrastructural and industrial sectors of cities and development of the knowledge and experience economies in them, at the same time improving the quality of the urban environment and urban life and ensuring sustainable development. A consistent and balanced multiscale spatiotemporal and functional polarization of urbanized areas is an adequate form for implementing this technological mode, which makes it possible, by deepening the geographical division of labor and coordinating the turnover of material, natural, and human capital, to solve problems of sustainable spatial development for Russia by harmonizing its ecological, economic, and social components. The principles of spatiotemporal, morphological, and functional polarization are manifested at various territorial levels. With the development of the set of indicators and expansion of the statistical base for analyzing the green economy, the dissemination of smart city technologies and management of the life cycle for land use, a constructive-geographical, project-based approach in urban planning and ensuring the sustainable development of cities and urban agglomerations in Russia will become as common as the prevailing research approach.

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The section Spatial Polarization as a Resource for Sustainable Development of Urbanized Areas was prepared based on research materials under a state-ordered research theme of the Institute of Geography RAS, no 0148-2019-0008 (“Problems and Prospects of Russia’s Territorial Development in the Context of its Unevenness and Global Instability”). The section Green Economy in the Context of Digitalization was written using research materials under a grant from the Russian Science Foundation, no. 16-17-10236 (“The Impact of Climate Change on the Live Activity of the Population in Russia (Areas with Special Climatic Conditions)”).

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A. B. Savchenko

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Savchenko, A.B., Borodina, T.L. Green and Digital Economy for Sustainable Development of Urban Areas. Reg. Res. Russ. 10 , 583–592 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970520040097

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Received : 15 May 2019

Revised : 01 September 2019

Accepted : 18 July 2020

Published : 16 December 2020

Issue Date : October 2020

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970520040097

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Design and management of the metropolitan green belt of Aburrá Valley, Colombia

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villagers' home by UAD grows out of ancient mud house remnants in rural china

Uad’s the villagers’ home: a blend of tradition and modernity.

The Architectural Design & Research Institute of Zhejiang University ( UAD ) has created The Villagers’ Home, a series of public spaces in Wanghu Village, Zhejiang Province, China . The project focuses on preserving the architectural features of the region by incorporating elements of traditional structures into the design. Old mud houses and remnants of rammed earth walls were integrated with new concrete structures and modern technology, with the  resulting building ‘growing’ naturally from the village’s historical context. The space serves various purposes, including village meetings, receptions, sports and fitness activities, and leisure events like movie screenings. 

A Tribute to Wanghu Village’s Architectural legacy

Wanghu Village, located in a mountainous area with fertile soil, is known for its rich agricultural products. Historically, villagers cultivated mushrooms in mud houses with rammed earth walls. However, with modern advancements and declining rural productivity, these old practices have faded from memory. Today, the remnants of these mud houses, including crumbling rammed earth walls, stand as historical witnesses, bearing traces of former windows and doorways that hint at their past usage.

The Villagers’ Home by UAD (find more here ) revives these memories by integrating traditional architectural elements into new public spaces. Next to the ruins of two mud houses, additional sections of rammed earth walls were discovered. Local villagers revealed that there were originally three mushroom breeding houses, almost entirely demolished over time. The new design incorporates these remnants, allowing the new building to ‘grow’ naturally out of the old walls. This creates a harmonious blend of new concrete structures and historical fragments, preserving the village’s architectural typology and maintaining its traditional spatial environment. By using modern concrete walls alongside the old rammed earth structures, the design harmonizes with the surrounding environment and bridges the past and present. The sloping roof design continues the local architectural scale and creates familiar spaces for the villagers, ensuring that the new structures resonate with the village’s historical and cultural context.

bridging past and present

Wanghu Village currently lacks public spaces that can preserve collective culture and meet the material and cultural needs of its residents. Given the limited land available, the activity center is designed to occupy a small area while offering diverse, flexible functions. This multifunctional approach maximizes the building’s usage time: during the day, it serves commercial purposes or provides reading spaces for children, and in the evening, it hosts movie screenings for the villagers. The exhibition hall doubles as a space for visual and textual displays, showcasing the village’s history and mushroom processing techniques. By prioritizing full-time utilization, the design ensures adaptability and sustainability.

This functional approach transforms the space from a productive area to a social public venue, redefining the relationship between architecture and the community. The existing windows on the rammed earth walls are small and evenly spaced, limiting larger openings and affecting light requirements, especially for the mushroom breeding houses. To address this, the Villagers’ Home incorporates various window forms, contrasting solid and void elements to highlight different interior functions. The exhibition hall features large corner windows to enhance natural light, while the café’s entrance is equipped with expansive glass windows to maintain a natural ambiance. High windows on the sloping roof facing the hillside introduce natural scenery and improve spatial comfort, redefining the building’s relationship with nature and enhancing visual connections with the village’s alleys, folk houses, and distant mountains. These design elements create a seamless interaction between the interior and exterior environments.

interior courtyard | image © Zhao Qiang

continuing the local architectural ‘modulor’ | image © Zhao Qiang

project info: 

name: Villagers’ Home in Wanghu Village architects: The Architectural Design & Research Institute of Zhejiang University(UAD)

architectural design: Mo Zhoujin, Wu Hegen, Guo Lidong structural design: Jin Zhenfen, Chen Dong plumbing design: Sang Songbiao, Wu Weihao electrical design: Shen Yueqing, Li Zhaoyu intelligent design: Lin Minjun landscape design: Sun Dongming location: Wanghu Village, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China area: 400 sqm photography: Zhao Qiang

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A pilot screening of prevalence of atopic states and opisthorchosis and their relationship in people of Tomsk Oblast

2007, Parasitology Research

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