dissertation on divorce law

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The Modern Divorce

VINEY, JOSHUA,WILLIAM (2011) The Modern Divorce. Masters thesis, Durham University.

This thesis sets out to explore divorce law and current reforms. It proposed five themes. Firstly, that no-fault divorce law could be adopted. Secondly, that voluntary mediation may pose several benefits. Thirdly, that the two main aims of the current law have not been met. The stability of marriage has not been buttressed and the current procedure is frequently unjust and may exacerbate bitterness, distress and humiliation. Fourthly, that the law could seek to avoid conflicted aims, focussing solely on providing an economically accessible process with minimum bitterness, distress and humiliation. Fifthly, that the current reforms of the law may be conflicted, repeating past mistakes.

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Family Law Dissertation Topics, Ideas & Examples

Published by Owen Ingram at January 2nd, 2023 , Revised On May 3, 2024

Family law is an integral part of the UK constitution. The subject of family law gained immense popularity from the start of the 21st century. Family lawyers  act on matters such as divorce and separation, child contact and adoption, Local Authority care orders and financial settlements.

If you are an undergraduate or postgraduate student searching for a research topic in the field of family law, you have come to the right place. This article provides a list of thoroughly researched and unique family law dissertation topics you can consider for your research.

If you are unsure about the type of research you should base your research on, contact us immediately. We have several family law writers on our team of experts who can help you with the research and writing.

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Family Law Dissertation Topics

• Using the consequences of child abuse as a kind of discipline. What reaction does the legal system have to this?
• Custody disputes with divorcing parents. Does the youngster have a voice in this situation?
• The effects of poverty on child development. What is the UK procedure for such cases?
• Evaluation of family mental abuse. How does UK law address these situations?
• The legal definition of a perfect family. What are the metrics used by UK legislation to assess a perfect family?
• The success rate of filing an appeal under the Matrimonial Clause Ac t. Does it have a gender bias?
• Analyse how domestic violence affects male victims in the UK.
• Talk about the harms caused by domestic violence. Can prison help with this problem?
• An analysis of how UK law addresses incest.
• The function of regulations against child labour in shielding impressionable minds from hard work.
• The success of government action in protecting children.
• Guaranteeing justice in the distribution of assets during divorce proceedings.
• An assessment of resident parents’ interests and their impact on UK children.
• Review of UK legislation pertaining to child labour. A gauge of how successfully the state has eliminated this system.
• The success of domestic violence punishment. Is it possible to stop this crime?
• Assessing the efficiency of the UK’s divorce laws. Is one gender preferred over the other?
• A thorough analysis of the wealth distribution between stepchildren and biological children.
• A discussion of the cohabitation legislation revisions, including why they are unnecessary and long overdue.
• Matrimonial Cause Act of 1973: Appealing Divorce Law Decisions: Ancillary Relief and Fairness Principles.
• Male Victims of Domestic Violence: The Law’s Reaction to the Ultimate Taboo.
• The division of finances during a divorce ensures fairness.
• The child’s interests don’t seem to exceed those of the resident parent. The Payne judgement used an obsolete strategy that urgently needs to be updated.
• How have property rights for married women changed over time? – A critical examination.
• What was the motivation for the Civil Partnership Act’s 2004 enactment, and how well has it been applied and construed by the courts to achieve the stated goal?
• What could be done to strengthen England and Wales’ acceptance of the right to family life under Article 8 of the Human Rights Act 1998?
• The Impact of No-Fault Divorce Laws on Family Dynamics
• The Legal and Ethical Implications of Surrogacy Arrangements
• Child Custody Disputes in Cases of International Parental Abduction
• The Role of Mediation in Resolving Family Law Disputes
• Examining the Legal Framework for LGBTQ+ Parental Rights
•  Effectiveness and Challenges in Protection Orders against Domestic Violence
• A Comparative Analysis of the Custodial Rights of Grandparents
• Cultural Influences on Child Marriage Laws and Practices
• The Legal Challenges of Reproductive Rights in Assisted Reproduction
• Legal and Ethical Issues in Assisted Reproductive Technologies for Same-Sex Couples
• A Study on the Challenges and Opportunities in Family Dispute Resolution in the Digital Age
• The Impact of Substance Abuse on Child Custody Determinations
• The Role of Family Law in Protecting Elderly Persons from Abuse

How Can ResearchProspect Help?

ResearchProspect writers can send several custom topic ideas to your email address. Once you have chosen a topic that suits your needs and interests, you can order for our dissertation outline service which will include a brief introduction to the topic, research questions , literature review , methodology , expected results , and conclusion . The dissertation outline will enable you to review the quality of our work before placing the order for our full dissertation writing service!

Family law is a broad research area which includes a variety of issues, including family relations, divorce and separation, financial settlements, child adoption and contact, and Local Authority care orders. It is important to base your dissertation on a trending issue in any research area within the field of family law.

Do not base your dissertation on a topic that is too narrow or specific, so you find it difficult to find relevant academic literature about it. Similarly, your topic shouldn’t be too broad and lack focus. Be sure to give your thesis a meaningful and descriptive title, as dissertations are solely identified by their titles. We hope you can choose a family law dissertation topic based on the above-mentioned suggestions. Once you have your topic approved by the university, we can also provide a proposal writing service and a full dissertation writing service .

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How to find family law dissertation topics.

To find family law dissertation topics:

• Study recent legal developments.
• Analyse societal changes affecting families.
• Explore custody, marriage, and divorce issues.
• Review international family law aspects.
• Consider child welfare or domestic violence.
• Select a topic aligning with your passion and career objectives.

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The present law on divorce and the benefits of divorce reform.

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The efficacy of the marriage Act and the matrimonial causes Act in Zambia and the place of dual law system

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A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON WOMEN'S PROPERTY RIGHTS AFTER DIVORCE: STATUTORY AND CUSTOMARY LAW IN ZAMBIA

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Elena Moore

Based on an empirical study of marital dissolution, this paper examines the effectiveness of the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 1998 and its enforcing institutions to provide the necessary protection of women’s marital property rights when customary marriages end. Drawing on data from court (divorce) files and semi-structured interviews, the paper will examine the effectiveness of the new laws for individuals who seek to regulate marital dissolution through both judicial and extra judicial systems. In doing so, it examines how judicial and extrajudicial systems interact and co-exist. The findings show that both systems of regulation are failing to recognise women’s right to an equitable distribution of the marital estate upon divorce. The paper demonstrates the weaknesses inherent in the judicial regulation of divorce combined with the consequences of the continued private regulation of marital dissolution. Resistance to an equal division of marital assets continues and a more dedicated and systematic effort is required to curb financial exploitation upon the dissolution of a customary marriage if the State wants women living under customary law to enjoy their human rights under the Constitution.

REVISTING THE CONCEPT OF MATRIMONIAL PROPERTY IN THE WAKE OF CONFLICTING LAWS IN UGANDA

CALEB K A M U G I S H A KASHUGYEERA

The concept of matrimonial property has a number of issues like equality and contribution between spouses has been a subject of contentions both nationally and internationally over the years. Countries like South Africa, Kenya and Tanzania have codified the law relating to matrimonial property especially where it concerns equal provision of property rights between the married as constitutional principles of the law. International laws like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UHDR), Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD), Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR) have also taken recognition of the issue on matrimonial property rights through emphasizing the need for equality between the married, widowed and cohabiting individuals. This research is about matrimonial property rights amidst the different conflicting laws in Uganda’s jurisprudence at, during and upon the dissolution of marriage. The research further examines whether the concept of matrimonial property is adequately provided for by the existing legal regime in Uganda in comparison with the selected countries of South Africa, Kenya and Tanzania.

Nubitse Abel

The question on the rights and responsibility of both spouses and the court towards divison of the marital assets is regulated by the Law of Marriage Act. The question arose when the law and the practice of the court fail to regulate the process fairly and justly. This dissertation address circumstances under which the process failed to be conducted in a manner that stipulate just and fair to the spouses.

Journal of African Law

Michael O. Attah

Applicable statutes give Nigerian courts discretion to achieve fairness in marital property readjustment. Ironically, the courts’ approach has often been to adjudicate on the basis of formal title, resulting in a general failure to make any readjustments. This article offers two alternative explanations for this judicial behaviour: absence of a specific statutory marriage-centred definition of matrimonial property; and the courts’ failure to appreciate the implicit matrimonial property regime revealed by a perspicacious interpretation of the statutes. These factors lead the courts to exercise a title-finding jurisdiction instead of an adjustive one. This conservative approach results in the courts exercising an exclusionary prescription of property. These flaws ignore the socio-cultural underpinnings and environment of marriage that support patriarchy in Africa and generally “disable” women in relation to property rights. Sample court cases support this thesis and underscore the nee...

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Salamatu Haruna

Eastern Africa Law Review

Mary-Ann Ajayi

MATRIMIONIAL PROPERTY INSIGHT IN UGANDA

lubega frank

Emphasis is put on the existing laws that govern marital property division in Uganda at the dissolution of the marriage. An examination on how far that law has protected the principles of equality and division of such property and what remedies can be adopted to achieve the same.

Benedict Lutta

Since the inception of the Constitution of Kenya in 2010 and subsequently, the Matrimonial Property Act in 2014, plenty of ink has been poured in a bid to flesh out the governing paradigm in respect of division of matrimonial property at the time of dissolution of a marriage. Several court cases, with some even making their way to the apex court, have brought to light the apparent difficulties that abound when interpreting the intent and meaning behind the provisions of the Constitution and the Matrimonial Property Act. This paper attempts to consolidate all these salient arguments and clarify the correct legal position with regard to this polarising issue.

WOMEN PROPERTY RIGHT

Kagalula Dabrin

Men’s awareness about the law and their rights is far different from that of women. While many women seem ignorant about their rights and how the law can protect them, men seem informed about the law, but choose to go by their superiority as defined by society and culture. Many do not bear in mind that their attitudes and practices violate the rights of their lovers, wives and children. Many do not even have compassion on the vulnerable, like those with disabilities. All surveyed widows with , but not the males.

Acta Juridica

Sindiso Mnisi Weeks

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THE RIGHTS OF WOMAN OVER FAMILY PROPERTIES IN DIVORCE CASE

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• > Legislating Adequacy: The Impact of Child Support Guidelines

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Legislating adequacy: the impact of child support guidelines.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

Three major child support guideline models are currently used in the United States to stimulate adequate levels of child support. To evaluate the effects of these guidelines, we examined cases filed before and after their introduction in three states that enacted different models. Overall, we found a modest increase in child support awards and few differences across models. The most substantial increases occurred in low-income cases in settings in which awards had historically been low. Guidelines also appeared to decrease the likelihood of a zero dollar award in cases that had previously lacked orders: those in which the father was unemployed and in which the obligor was female.

Post-guideline order levels in low-income families still fall short of the best available estimates of expenditures on children in intact households; they match expenditures in intact households in middle-and upper-income families. We consider several factors that may explain the limitations as well as the successes of guidelines in stimulating change.

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An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the Law and Society Association, Madison, Wisconsin, June 8–11, 1989. The research was supported by a grant from the State Justice Institute in Alexandria, Virginia. However, the views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the policies of the institute.

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• DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3053848

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Dissertation Does NOT Mean Divorce

By  Liz Homan

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Wait! Don’t stop reading, grad student singles. Despite my potentially misleading title, this post is not only for the partnered among us.   It is not only for those of us with boyfriends, girlfriends, live-in partners, or spouses. No, this post is for every graduate student, single or otherwise, who sustains a relationship with someone who means the world to them – be it a parent, a best friend, or a partner. It is for all of us.

First, some background.  I can say from experience that graduate school is hard on relationships. My partner, Kristoff, and I have been together for nearly 11 years. Of those years, at least one of us has been in graduate school for ten of them. In that time, many of our friends have divorced. We have separated (and since reunited). I’ve heard it more than once: “get a dissertation, get a divorce.” Well, not so fast.

Here’s the honest truth.  Maintaining healthy relationships in graduate school is akin to training for an  Ironman .  On some days you’re terrible at one thing while being awesome at something else. Regular rest is necessary. You need to be able to switch gears quickly, and sometimes without much warning. And if you’re not careful, the stress will cause something to break.

Graduate students, it turns out, sort of suck at relationships .  Studies suggest that we’re generally a gloomy crew —mostly because we’re vulnerable to depression and we are highly driven to achieve (and thus struggle with the uncertainty of graduate school). Fellow GradHackers have discussed the  ramifications of mental health struggles  and suggested ways to combat these issues.  These personal struggles can become relationship troubles  if we’re not careful.

In light of these challenges, here are three uncomplicated yet sometimes difficult-to-follow guidelines that have helped me get a dissertation while avoiding a divorce (or permanently damaging any other important relationships).

(1)       Make time for the people who matter in your life, and  follow through.

Planned activities make all the difference here—I find it helpful to have “a thing” that is “our thing” (or, for the people I’m closest to, multiple “things”). For example, Kristoff and I have lots of “things” that are “ours”: running, cooking, our dog, home improvement, and football are among them. But I also have “things” with other people that I don’t share with him; I kayak with one friend, I talk about teaching with another friend, I eat sushi and shop with my mom.

But there’s an important catch:  no saying “we should do that” without following through. See, if you suggest that something could happen in the future, and then it doesn’t, this could lead to disappointment or resentment for your friend or partner— without you even knowing . So instead of “we should do that,” try “when can we do that?” And get your calendars out.

(2)      Communicate,  honestly  and  promptly .

Okay, fine, I know – everyone has told everyone since the beginning of time that the key to a good relationship is communication, right? Duh. Moving on.

This one has a catch too.  After all, it wouldn’t be repeated so often if we were good at it. I find that the key to good communication is  honest  and  prompt  communication. This means that when a special someone annoys, hurts, or angers me, I need to tell that person.  Right then . Even if it’s uncomfortable. Even if it’s upsetting. This kind of communication is the easiest to avoid, precisely because it is so uncomfortable. Be kind and calm, and rest assured that your loved ones will respect you more for your honesty than they would have for your passive-aggressive anger.

(3)      Be an individual,  but don’t isolate .

Graduate school changes people. I enjoy doing things now that I never thought I would do, nevermind enjoy (like running), and I have lost interest in other things that used to occupy much of my free time (like crocheting). I need to know who I am on my own before I can have healthy relationships with friends or family, and that person continually shifts and evolves. Find things that make you happy. Do them, unapologetically. Be who you are.

You guessed it. The catch:  It is so easy for us to isolate ourselves in graduate school. To become too “in our own heads,” too absorbed by the work of a thesis or project to invest ourselves in the interests and lives of others. So, do those things that matter to you, that make you an individual,  in the service of others.  In other words, adamantly be your own person so that you can be a better person when you’re with those who matter most to you. For me this means long runs on the weekends are non-negotiable, because I’m a better partner and person when I take that time to be just me.

As you can see, there’s always a catch . It sometimes takes an Ironman’s dedicated soul and versatility to make graduate school relationships work. And sometimes—despite our best efforts—they just don’t. And that’s okay too, especially if you have a healthy network of kindred souls to catch your fall.

How do you maintain healthy relationships in graduate school? Tell us below!

[Image by Flickr user  Jessica Rossi,  used under creative commons licensing.]

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10 questions to ask a divorce attorney

The divorce process is not always simple. Different states have different requirements. To get through unscathed, it’s best to ask your divorce lawyer as many questions upfront as possible. Here are 10 questions to ask a divorce attorney.

Find out more about divorce

by   Diane Faulkner

Diane is a writer, speaker, and human resource consultant with over 30 years of experience working in and covering em...

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Updated on: July 1, 2024 · 9 min read

Top 10 questions to ask a divorce lawyer

• Divorce attorney's key responsibilities

How to find a divorce attorney

The end of a marriage is a difficult time. For most people, divorce or legal separation is an entirely new territory, and when you find yourself at such a devastating crossroads, you often don’t know where to start. You’re running on emotion, and when you’re emotional, you can miss things. Important things you’ll regret not noticing once your divorce is finalized.

No matter the type of divorce—from contested to collaborative—your lawyer will help you through divorce proceedings. Of course, but before you even get to that point, you need to know how to choose a divorce attorney for your personal situation. Here's a guideline to help you feel confident you're hiring the right lawyer for you.

1. What is your experience with divorce cases?

When seeking legal counsel for a divorce, you want to ensure you get someone who knows what they’re doing. Not just any lawyer will suffice. A criminal attorney, for example, would not be your first choice, no matter how long you’ve known that person. No, you’ll want someone who specializes in divorces. You’ll want to hire a divorce lawyer with solid knowledge and experience in divorce law in your state. Ask how many years they’ve been practicing and if they have any certifications or awards.

2. What are the main legal issues or complexities you see in my case?

Of course, you will want an attorney who has your best interest in mind and will help you feel confident in the divorce settlement. Spousal support, custody, visitation, child support, life and health insurance, and real and personal property are all topics to discuss.

3. What is your approach regarding divorce litigation versus mediation?

Mediation is less costly and a faster process than divorce. It's a way you can resolve marital issues with a neutral third party that's outside the courts. Your lawyer should outline how you will benefit from hiring a lawyer to obtain a divorce.

4. Can you explain the divorce process in this state and how long it typically takes?

Divorce laws vary in different states . This affects everything from filing fees to cooling-off periods. One example is California, which has the longest cooling-off period: six months. Some states, such as New Jersey, don't have any.

In South Dakota, you can get a divorce in a minimum of 60 days on average. Court fees are $95. Attorney’s fees would be in addition to the court fees. Unlike most states, South Dakota doesn’t have any divorce residency requirements that determine how long you must have lived in the state before filing for divorce. In such cases, the family residence need not be in the state.

5. How do you charge for your services, and should I expect any additional costs based on my situation?

Law firm fees for handling divorce matters vary. An initial consultation is usually free. Ask about the attorney's fees, average hourly rate, fee structure, billing process, and the payment methods they accept. It also wouldn’t hurt to see if the attorney will provide discounts for certain services or if there are aspects of the divorce you can manage yourself to save some money.

Some lawyers charge flat fees instead of hourly rates. Flat fee structures tend to be more affordable than hourly rate structures. If your attorney charges hourly rates, there will most likely be a retainer fee required upfront from which the hourly fees will be pulled.

The average cost of a divorce is $11,300, with a median of $7,000. The divorce cost is significantly affected by the complexity of the divorce case, location, and attorney fees. Other factors can include alimony, child custody and support.

You may wind up having an entire team of other lawyers working with you on your case, including a forensic accountant and mental health professional. These may come at an additional cost to you, so it's best to be prepared.

6. What can I expect in terms of communication from your firm?

Waiting for developments is part of the divorce process. Not hearing from your lawyer can cause frustration that can be avoided. For example, your lawyer may be in court and not available to take phone calls or talk, or you may have more than one lawyer working on your case. Ask about getting timely answers about updates and whether a paralegal or legal assistant can take phone calls and communicate with you, too.

7. What are the best- and worst-case scenario outcomes of my divorce case?

The divorce process is often a complex one, and you may not even have all the facts at the beginning of it. A reputable lawyer will present a scope of possible realistic outcomes—from worst to best.

8. Are there any specific actions I can take or avoid that would benefit my case?

A lot of paperwork and documentation goes into a divorce case. You need to know what important documents your divorce lawyer needs to build your case. Ask what kinds of financial records they will need and how far back you need to go. Don’t forget to ask what kind of personal information is needed. You may need to provide documentation of asset ownership. If there was domestic violence, you may need pictures, or if your spouse had a gambling addiction, you may need to provide documentation from forensic accountants.

9. What strategies do you use to resolve conflicts during the divorce process, particularly if the other party is uncooperative?

It’s important to ask how the negotiation process will play out. This will help you understand what goes into the process, how long it takes, and what types of responses to anticipate from your spouse's attorney. You’ll want to hire a lawyer who has experience in negotiations so they can tell you what to expect.

10. Can you provide references from past clients who had cases similar to mine?

Don’t be afraid to ask for references. It can be helpful to speak with someone who’s gone through the divorce process with a particular law firm or attorney. Speaking with former clients will give you an idea of how they conduct their cases and how well you'll work with them.

Divorce attorney's key responsibilities

• Client consultation: A divorce or family law attorney should meet with clients to understand their situation, objectives, and concerns. They would provide legal advice on issues related to children, finances, and property.
• Legal guidance and strategy: Your attorney should advise you on your legal rights and obligations and develop a legal strategy that aligns with your goals within the realities of the law.
• Financial analysis: Your attorney should have a professional financial expert conduct a thorough analysis of the financial aspects of your marriage, including asset valuation and division. You’ll work with your attorney’s financial experts when necessary to assess complex assets or financial situations.
• Document preparation: Your attorney will prepare and file all necessary legal documents, such as petitions for divorce, child custody, and property arrangements, as well as draft and review settlement proposals and agreements.
• Negotiation: Your attorney will negotiate terms with the opposing party or their counsel to reach a fair settlement on issues such as spousal support, child support, child custody, and division of assets.
• Representation in court: Responsibilities will include pre-trial hearings, mediation sessions, trials, and final decree enforcements. Presenting evidence and arguments to the court to support your position.
• Communication and dispute mitigation: Your lawyer should keep you informed about the progress of the case, including potential changes in the law that might affect the outcome. Communicate with opposing counsel and third parties to gather information, mitigate conflict, and facilitate agreements.
• Protection of client interests: Ensure that all court orders are followed and protect the client’s legal rights throughout the process. Addressing any post-judgment issues, such as modifications of support or legal custody arrangements.

It is very important that you find a divorce or family law attorney who is compatible with you. You want to feel comfortable with the person and confident in their abilities and reputation. There are three great methods to use to find them:

Ask for recommendations

Friends most lawyers and family would be the best place to start. Review lawyer directories and professional networks that specialize in sharing important information on lawyers in your area.

Look for attorneys near you

Do a search on local law firms for divorce or family law attorneys in your area. It’s important to ensure you find someone local who will be familiar with your local and state laws.

Search LegalZoom’s online attorney directory

Search LegalZoom’s online attorney directory: The easiest way to find a good divorce, family, law firm, or attorney is through a directory. LegalZoom has a directory of people who can speak with you regarding the legal implications of marriage and divorce and provide guidance on relevant issues.

Getting a divorce lawyer who has your best interest at heart is of the utmost importance. Everything starts with asking the right questions—of the attorney and of yourself—so you can make the right choices for you and your family. Consider your situation financially and emotionally and review all your options with your attorney before making a final decision.

1. How long does a divorce take?

Unfortunately, there's no set answer to this common question. A lot depends on your personal situation. Because divorces can include issues ranging from domestic violence to forensic accounting, the timeline will vary.

2. Why does it seem like the divorce lawyer working on my case is not updating me as quickly as I'd like?

Waiting to hear about progress in your divorce process is often a frustrating part of the negotiation process. Your lawyer's time involves attending court, talking to opposing lawyers, contacting third parties, and more. Talk to your lawyer at your first consultation about what to expect in terms of communication. If there's an issue, let your divorce lawyer know.

3. How much do divorce attorneys cost?

The cost of your divorce will depend on a variety of factors, from the state where you live to what you will need to prove your case. Lawyers can charge a flat fee, bill per hour, and/or require retainer fees. You can expect to pay $200 to $300 per hour for your divorce lawyer. The average cost of a divorce is $11,300, with a median of $7,000. For more information, read about the cost of divorce .

Free or reduced legal aid may be available. Visit the U.S. government's site on legal aid to help in your personal divorce case.

4. Do I need a family law attorney or a divorce attorney?

Before you even ask about how much experience your attorney has, ask what type of law they practice. Family law or divorce law ? There’s a difference.

Divorce law refers specifically to the legal process of dissolving a marriage. Family law cases are broader and cover many related issues. Family law attorneys handle family law cases that go beyond divorce, including physical custody of children, child support, and disputes between unmarried couples who cohabitate. Divorce attorneys are a subset of family law attorneys who specialize in divorce cases. 

There’s also something relatively new called collaborative divorce law , which is available in many states. Collaborative divorce differs from traditional divorce in that it allows you, your spouse, and your legal counsels to sign agreements so that you won’t go to court. In fact, should you decide to take the matter to trial, attorneys on both sides must agree to withdraw their representation.

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Rudy Giuliani’s Promising Legal Career Cut Short With New York Disbarment

From showing up in a Borat movie with his hands down his pants to being criminally charged with trying to overturn the 2020 election in Georgia and Arizona , Rudy Giuliani has suffered many a rough day during his 80 years on Earth. Today’s kick in the pants? Losing his license to practice law in the state where he once served not only as mayor but as one of its most powerful prosecutors.

Yes, Giuliani was officially—and permanently— disbarred in New York on Tuesday over his work as a personal and campaign lawyer for Donald Trump, which saw the ex-mayor and former US attorney for the Southern District of New York telling all manner of lies in an effort to keep Trump in power. Those lies, a New York State appellate court wrote , were “designed to create distrust of the elective system of our country in the minds of the citizens and to destroy their confidence in the legitimacy of our government.”

The court added that “the seriousness of respondent’s misconduct cannot be overstated,” noting that Giuliani had “flagrantly misused his prominent position as the personal attorney for former president Trump and his campaign” and “baselessly attacked and undermined the integrity of this country’s electoral process.” In doing so, the court said, the ex-mayor “not only deliberately violated some of the most fundamental tenets of the legal profession, but he also actively contributed to the national strife that has followed the 2020 presidential election, for which he is entirely unrepentant.”

Giuliani’s New York law license was initially suspended in 2021; in May, the board that oversees disciplinary recommendations for attorneys who have been admitted to the bar in Washington, DC, said he should not be allowed to practice law there. In response to the loss of his license in New York, Barry Kamins, a lawyer for Giuliani, told The New York Times : “Mr. Giuliani is obviously disappointed in the decision. We are weighing our appellate options.”

Last December, Giuliani filed for bankruptcy after being ordered to pay nearly $150 million in damages to two Georgia election workers he defamed. Creditors have suggested in court filings he may be hiding assets; despite agreeing to a $43,000-a-month budget, he reportedly spent nearly triple that in January.

Interesting take from this guy in particular

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The flag of Elektrostal, Moscow Oblast, Russia which I bought there during my last visit

• Moscow Oblast
•  » 
• Elektrostal

State Housing Inspectorate of the Moscow Region

Phone 8 (496) 575-02-20 8 (496) 575-02-20

Phone 8 (496) 511-20-80 8 (496) 511-20-80

Public administration near State Housing Inspectorate of the Moscow Region

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Geographic coordinates of Elektrostal, Moscow Oblast, Russia

Coordinates of elektrostal in decimal degrees, coordinates of elektrostal in degrees and decimal minutes, utm coordinates of elektrostal, geographic coordinate systems.

WGS 84 coordinate reference system is the latest revision of the World Geodetic System, which is used in mapping and navigation, including GPS satellite navigation system (the Global Positioning System).

Geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) define a position on the Earth’s surface. Coordinates are angular units. The canonical form of latitude and longitude representation uses degrees (°), minutes (′), and seconds (″). GPS systems widely use coordinates in degrees and decimal minutes, or in decimal degrees.

Latitude varies from −90° to 90°. The latitude of the Equator is 0°; the latitude of the South Pole is −90°; the latitude of the North Pole is 90°. Positive latitude values correspond to the geographic locations north of the Equator (abbrev. N). Negative latitude values correspond to the geographic locations south of the Equator (abbrev. S).

Longitude is counted from the prime meridian ( IERS Reference Meridian for WGS 84) and varies from −180° to 180°. Positive longitude values correspond to the geographic locations east of the prime meridian (abbrev. E). Negative longitude values correspond to the geographic locations west of the prime meridian (abbrev. W).

UTM or Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system divides the Earth’s surface into 60 longitudinal zones. The coordinates of a location within each zone are defined as a planar coordinate pair related to the intersection of the equator and the zone’s central meridian, and measured in meters.

Elevation above sea level is a measure of a geographic location’s height. We are using the global digital elevation model GTOPO30 .

Elektrostal , Moscow Oblast, Russia