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5 Main Parts of an Essay: An Easy Guide to a Solid Structure

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You might think of essays as boring assignments for explaining the themes in Huckleberry Finn or breaking down the characters in The Great Gatsby , but the essay is one of the most timeless forms in all of literature. It’s a genre that includes deep readings of texts, personal essays, and journalistic reports. Before you get to any of that, you need to figure out the basic parts of the essay.

What Are the Parts of an Essay?

You can think of any essay as consisting of three parts: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. You might see some small variations, but for the most part, that is the structure of any essay.

Take the five-paragraph essay as a simple example. With that form, you get one introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph. That’s five paragraphs, but three parts.

What Are the Main Parts of an Essay Printable 2022

Like a good word burger: how to write the three parts of an essay.

A good essay is much like a good burger (or a sandwich, but we’re a burger society here). Your intro and conclusion are the buns sandwiching the patty, cheese, and other good toppings of the body paragraphs.

What Is an Introduction Paragraph?

“Hello! My name is Seymour. It’s nice to meet you.” That might seem like a simple, non-essay introduction, but it has all the basic components of what you want in an  introduction paragraph . You start with the hook. Your hook is the first sentence of your entire essay, so you want to grab people’s attention (or hook them) immediately.

From there, you have sentences that lead the reader directly to the thesis sentence . Your thesis is possibly the most important part of your entire essay. It’s the entire raison d'être . It’s what you’re arguing or trying to accomplish with your essay as a whole.

Kaboom! That, the sound of the entire universe forming in an instant, giving rise to apples, toenails, and what we know today as the humble five-paragraph essay. Since that fortuitous moment, the five-paragraph essay has become the favorite assignment among English teachers, to the bemusement of students. Although many educators, professionals, and youths have valid criticisms about the form, the five-paragraph essay is an important component of developing writing skills and critical thought. 

What Is a Body Paragraph?

The body paragraphs are the main part of your essay burger. Each body paragraph presents an idea that supports your thesis. This can include evidence from a literary source, details that build out your thesis, or explanations for your reasoning.

The first sentence of each body paragraph is known as the topic sentence . You can kind of think of it like a smaller part of your thesis sentence. It’s the main idea that you want to discuss in that specific body paragraph. The rest of the body paragraph is made up of supporting sentences, which support that topic sentence.

While many are critical of the five-paragraph essay’s rigid form, that rigidity is part of what makes it so advantageous. Every five-paragraph essay is an introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion paragraph, and they will always have that structure. With such a stable form, a writer truly only needs to worry about the contents of the essay, putting all the focus on the actual writing and ideas, not the organization.

What Is a Concluding Paragraph?

A burger needs a solid, sturdy bottom bun. Otherwise, the burger would fall apart. The same holds for a conclusion. A good conclusion holds the essay together, while offering a unique finishing touch to the whole thing.

The conclusion is at once the easiest and hardest part of the essay. It’s easy in that it mostly involves restating your thesis and much of what you already discussed. The hard part is thinking outside of the essay and considering how your thesis applies to components of real life.

In conclusion, the five-paragraph essay is a useful and effective form for teaching students how to write and develop their critical thinking skills. It’s not without its setbacks, but it’s a simple form that can give way to other ways of writing. Longer research papers are essentially five-paragraph essays with more body paragraphs, while short fiction and creative writing require similar critical thought and writing acumen. Even if you don’t write, five-paragraph essays can teach you how to use your voice and express your ideas.

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Writing a well-structured essay is like building a house: you need a solid foundation, sturdy walls, and a roof to complete it. A well-organized essay helps your ideas flow smoothly and makes it easier for readers to follow your argument. Plus, it shows that you’ve put thought into your work, making it more convincing and enjoyable to read.

So, what does a good essay structure look like? Whether you’re writing a narrative, descriptive, expository, or persuasive essay, following this structure will help you stay organized and make your writing more impactful. Let’s dive in and learn how to put it all together!

How to Structure an Essay

Imagine you’re building a house. You need a solid foundation, walls, and a roof to make it stand. Writing an essay is similar. It requires a good structure to hold your ideas together and make your argument clear. Let’s break down the go-to essay structure to help you get started.

First, you need an introduction that grabs the reader’s attention. Start with an engaging opening sentence that makes your reader want to keep going. This could be a surprising fact, a question, or a bold statement. Then, provide some background information to set the context or give a brief overview of the topic. Finally, end your introduction with a thesis statement that clearly presents the main argument or purpose of your essay.

Next, you have the body paragraphs . Each paragraph should begin with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea. Follow this with supporting details, which can be evidence, examples, or explanations that back up your point. It’s important to keep your ideas clear and logical. Also, use transitions to smoothly link each paragraph to the next, helping the reader follow your argument effortlessly.

Lastly, your conclusion ties everything together. Start by restating your thesis in different words to reinforce your main argument. Then, summarize the key points you discussed in the body paragraphs. This helps remind the reader of the journey they’ve taken through your essay. Finally, end with a closing statement or call to action that leaves a lasting impression. This could be a thought-provoking comment, a suggestion for further research, or a call to action based on your argument.

Remember, the introduction sets the stage, the body paragraphs build the argument, and the conclusion wraps it all up.

With practice, you’ll find that this go-to structure makes essay writing much easier and more effective.

Basic Essay Structure for Different Types of Essays

Writing essays becomes simpler when you understand the structure. Here, we’ll look at five common types: narrative, descriptive, expository, persuasive, and comparative essays. Each has unique characteristics and serves a specific purpose. I’ll also include an example of how to structure the main body for each type.

Narrative Essay

A narrative essay tells a story from the author’s perspective. It aims to engage the reader by making the story interesting and relatable.

Example Structure:

• Introduction : Set the scene and introduce the main character.
• Body Paragraph 1 : Describe the beginning of the story (setting, characters).
• Body Paragraph 2 : Describe the main event or conflict.
• Body Paragraph 3 : Describe the climax of the story.
• Conclusion : Describe the resolution and the lesson learned.

Descriptive Essay

A descriptive essay paints a picture with words. It aims to describe a person, place, object, or event so vividly that the reader can visualize it.

• Introduction : Introduce the subject you will describe.
• Body Paragraph 1 : Describe the subject using sight (what it looks like).
• Body Paragraph 2 : Describe the subject using sound (what it sounds like).
• Body Paragraph 3 : Describe the subject using smell, touch, and taste (if applicable).
• Conclusion : Summarize the main points and highlight the overall impression.

Expository Essay

An expository essay explains or informs. It provides a balanced analysis of a topic, using facts, statistics, and examples.

• Introduction : Present the topic and state the thesis.
• Body Paragraph 1 : Explain the first main idea with supporting facts and examples.
• Body Paragraph 2 : Explain the second main idea with supporting facts and examples.
• Body Paragraph 3 : Explain the third main idea with supporting facts and examples.
• Conclusion : Summarize the main points and restate the thesis.

Persuasive Essay

A persuasive essay aims to convince the reader to accept a particular viewpoint or take a specific action. It uses logic, reason, and emotion to build a compelling argument.

• Introduction : Introduce the topic and state your position.
• Body Paragraph 1 : Present the first supporting argument with evidence.
• Body Paragraph 2 : Present the second supporting argument with evidence.
• Body Paragraph 3 : Present the third supporting argument with evidence.
• Body Paragraph 4 : Address a counterargument and refute it.
• Conclusion : Summarize the arguments and reinforce your position.

Comparative Essay

A comparative essay examines the similarities and differences between two or more subjects. It helps the reader understand the subjects better by comparing them.

• Introduction : Introduce the subjects and state the basis for comparison.
• Body Paragraph 1 : Compare the first point of similarity or difference between the subjects.
• Body Paragraph 2 : Compare the second point of similarity or difference between the subjects.
• Body Paragraph 3 : Compare the third point of similarity or difference between the subjects.
• Conclusion : Summarize the comparisons and highlight the overall insights.

Now, you can effectively organize your essays and make your writing clear and engaging. Each type of essay has its unique features, so choose the one that best fits your topic and purpose.

How to Organize an Essay with Structural Transition Words

Using transitional words is like putting up road signs for your reader. These words guide them through your essay, making it easier to follow your thoughts and arguments. They help in creating a smooth flow, making your writing more engaging and coherent. Let’s dive into different types of transitional words and how they can be used effectively.

👋 Introduction to Body

When you transition from the introduction to the body of your essay, you need words that signal the beginning of your main discussion. These words help to seamlessly connect the introduction to the detailed points you will cover.

For instance, words like “ Firstly ,” “ To begin with ,” and “ Initially ” are perfect for starting your body paragraphs. They let the reader know that you are moving from the introductory context to the main points. For example, you might say, “Firstly, it’s important to understand the historical context of the issue.” Or, “To begin with, let’s explore the primary causes of the conflict.” These words set the stage for detailed analysis and help the reader transition smoothly from the general introduction to specific arguments.

➕ Adding Information

When you need to add more information or points to your argument, transitional words come in handy. These words indicate that there is more to say on the topic, building on what has already been mentioned.

Words like “ Furthermore ,” “ Moreover ,” and “ Additionally ” are great for adding information. For example, “Furthermore, recent studies support this claim,” or “Moreover, this approach has been widely adopted in several countries.” By using these words, you show that you are expanding on your previous points, making your argument more comprehensive and convincing.

✅ Providing Examples

To illustrate your points more clearly, providing examples is absolutely necessary. Transitional words help introduce these examples smoothly, showing the reader that you are giving concrete evidence to support your claims.

Examples of such words include “ For example ,” “ For instance ,” and “ Such as .” You might write, “For example, many schools have implemented this program successfully,” or “For instance, in the case of renewable energy, solar power has shown remarkable potential.” These words prepare the reader for specific details that back up your general statements, making your argument stronger.

☀️❄️ Contrasting Information

Sometimes, you need to present contrasting information to show different perspectives or to highlight an exception to the rule. Transitional words help indicate a shift from one idea to a contrasting one.

Words like “ However ,” “ On the other hand ,” and “ Conversely ” are ideal for this purpose. For example, “However, not all experts agree with this view,” or “On the other hand, there are significant challenges to this approach.” These words signal to the reader that you are about to present a different angle, helping them to understand the complexity of the issue.

🔀 Showing Cause and Effect

To explain the relationship between actions and outcomes, cause-and-effect transitional words are essential. They help you link causes to their effects clearly and logically.

Words such as “ Therefore ,” “ Consequently ,” and “ As a result ” are perfect for this. You might say, “Therefore, it is clear that immediate action is necessary,” or “Consequently, the policy had to be revised.” These words make it easy for the reader to follow the logical progression of your argument, showing how one idea leads to another.

📍 Summarizing/Concluding

In the conclusion of your essay, you need transitional words that help you summarize your main points and bring your argument to a close. These words signal to the reader that you are wrapping up your discussion.

Examples include “ In conclusion ,” “ To summarize ,” and “ Ultimately .” For example, “In conclusion, the evidence strongly supports the need for policy change,” or “To summarize, the key factors influencing this issue have been thoroughly examined.” These words help you succinctly tie together your main points and leave the reader with a clear understanding of your argument.

Tips for Writing a Structure of an Essay

Writing a well-structured essay is like building a strong bridge that connects your ideas seamlessly. Let’s dive into some tips that can help you create a clear and effective essay structure.

Think of an outline as your essay’s roadmap. Before you start writing, take some time to outline your main points. This will give you a clear direction and keep you on track. Start with your introduction, list out the key points you’ll cover in the body, and jot down ideas for your conclusion. Outlining helps you organize your thoughts and makes the writing process smoother.

Each paragraph in your essay should focus on one main idea. Begin with a topic sentence that clearly states this idea. The rest of the paragraph should provide evidence, examples, or explanations that support the topic sentence. This keeps your writing focused and makes it easier for the reader to follow your argument. For example, if you’re writing about the benefits of exercise, one paragraph might focus on physical health benefits, while another might discuss mental health improvements.

Transitions are the glue that holds your essay together. They help you move smoothly from one idea to the next, ensuring your essay flows well. Words like “Firstly,” “Additionally,” “However,” and “In conclusion” guide your reader through your essay. These transitions make your writing more coherent and help emphasize the relationships between your ideas.

A well-balanced essay is easy to read and understand. Make sure your paragraphs are roughly the same length and provide a balanced amount of information. Avoid cramming too much information into one paragraph or making another too short. Each paragraph should be clear, focused, and contribute to your overall argument. This balance keeps your essay well-organized and engaging.

Once you’ve finished writing, take the time to proofread your essay. Look for structural consistency: Are your paragraphs in a logical order? Do your transitions make sense? Is each paragraph focused on a single main idea? Proofreading helps you catch any inconsistencies or areas that might confuse your reader. It’s also a good time to check for clarity. Make sure your ideas are clearly expressed and easy to understand.

Writing a structured essay doesn’t have to be complicated. By outlining your essay, ensuring each paragraph has a clear main idea, using transitions, keeping paragraphs balanced, and proofreading for consistency and clarity, you can create an essay that is both engaging and easy to follow. Practice these tips, and you’ll become more confident in your essay writing skills. Happy writing!

How should I structure an essay?

Structuring an essay involves three main parts: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. Start with an engaging introduction that includes a hook, background information, and a clear thesis statement. Then, develop your main ideas in body paragraphs, each starting with a topic sentence and supported by evidence. Finally, wrap up your essay with a conclusion that restates the thesis, summarizes key points, and leaves the reader with a final thought or call to action.

What are the 3 major parts of essay structure?

The three major parts of an essay structure are the introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction sets the stage by introducing the topic and stating the thesis. The body is the main section where you develop your ideas and arguments, usually in several paragraphs. The conclusion ties everything together, restating the thesis and summarizing the main points, providing closure to the discussion.

What is the 5 point structure to an essay?

The 5 point structure to an essay includes:

• Introduction : Hook, background information, and thesis statement.
• Body Paragraph 1 : First main point with supporting evidence.
• Body Paragraph 2 : Second main point with supporting evidence.
• Body Paragraph 3 : Third main point with supporting evidence.
• Conclusion : Restate thesis, summarize key points, and final thought.

This structure helps organize your essay in a clear, logical manner, making it easier for the reader to follow and understand your argument.

What is an example of essay structure?

An example of an essay structure might look like this:

Introduction : “Education is essential for personal and societal growth. This essay will discuss the importance of education in developing critical thinking skills, promoting social equality, and fostering economic development.”

Body Paragraph 1 : “Firstly, education plays a crucial role in developing critical thinking skills. Students learn to analyze information, evaluate arguments, and solve problems creatively. For instance, critical thinking is emphasized in subjects like mathematics and science.”

Body Paragraph 2 : “Moreover, education promotes social equality by providing opportunities for all individuals, regardless of their background. Public schooling systems aim to offer equal access to quality education, helping to bridge the gap between different social classes.”

Body Paragraph 3 : “Finally, education fosters economic development by creating a skilled workforce. Educated individuals are more likely to find employment, contribute to innovation, and drive economic growth. For example, countries with higher education levels often have stronger economies.”

Conclusion : “In conclusion, education is vital for developing critical thinking skills, promoting social equality, and fostering economic development. Investing in education is essential for creating a better future for individuals and society as a whole.”

This structure ensures that your essay is well-organized and that each point is clearly presented and supported.

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How to Structure an Essay

Essay writing is a fundamental skill, a basic task, that is expected of those who choose to pursue their undergraduate and master’s degrees. It constitutes a key requirement for students to complete a given course credit. However, many students and early career researchers find themselves struggling with the challenge of organizing their thoughts into a coherent, engaging structure. This article is especially for those who see essay writing as a daunting task and face problems in presenting their work in an impactful way.  

Table of Contents

• Writing an essay: basic elements and some key principles  
• Essay structure template 
• Chronological structure 
• Problem-methods-solutions structure 
• Compare and contrast structures 
• Frequently asked questions on essay structure 

Read on as we delve into the basic elements of essay writing, outline key principles for organizing information, and cover some foundational features of writing essays.  

Writing an essay: basic elements and some key principles

Essays are written in a flowing and continuous pattern but with a structure of its own. An introduction, body and conclusion are integral to it. The key is to balance the amount and kind of information to be presented in each part. Various disciplines may have their own conventions or guidelines on the information to be provided in the introduction.  

A clear articulation of the context and background of the study is important, as is the definition of key terms and an outline of specific models or theories used. Readers also need to know the significance of the study and its implications for further research. Most importantly, the thesis or the main proposition should be clearly presented.  

The body of the essay is therefore organized into paragraphs that hold the main ideas and arguments and is presented and analyzed in a logical manner. Ideally, each paragraph of the body focuses on one main point or a distinct topic and must be supported by evidence and analysis. The concluding paragraph should bring back to the reader the key arguments, its significance and food for thought. It is best not to re-state all the points of the essay or introduce a new concept here. 

In other words, certain general guidelines help structure the information in the essay. The information must flow logically with the context or the background information presented in the introductory part of the essay. The arguments are built organically where each paragraph in the body of the essay deals with a different point, yet closely linked to the para preceding and following it. Importantly, when writing essays, early career researchers must be careful in ensuring that each piece of information relates to the main thesis and is a building block to the arguments. 

Essay structure template

• Introduction 
• Provide the context and share significance of the study 
• Clearly articulate the thesis statement 
• Body  
• Paragraph 1 consisting of the first main point, followed by supporting evidence and an analysis of the findings. Transitional words and phrases can be used to move to the next main point. 
• There can be as many paragraphs with the above-mentioned elements as there are points and arguments to support your thesis. 
• Conclusion  
• Bring in key ideas and discuss their significance and relevance 
• Call for action 
• References 

Essay structures

The structure of an essay can be determined by the kind of essay that is required.  

Chronological structure

Also known as the cause-and-effect approach, this is a straightforward way to structure an essay. In such essays, events are discussed sequentially, as they occurred from the earliest to the latest. A chronological structure is useful for discussing a series of events or processes such as historical analyses or narratives of events. The introduction should have the topic sentence. The body of the essay should follow a chorological progression with each para discussing a major aspect of that event with supporting evidence. It ends with a summarizing of the results of the events.  

Problem-methods-solutions structure

Where the essay focuses on a specific problem, the problem-methods-solutions structure can be used to organize the essay. This structure is ideal for essays that address complex issues. It starts with presenting the problem, the context, and thesis statement as introduction to the essay. The major part of the discussion which forms the body of the essay focuses on stating the problem and its significance, the author’s approach or methods adopted to address the problem along with its relevance, and accordingly proposing solution(s) to the identified problem. The concluding part offers a recap of the research problem, methods, and proposed solutions, emphasizing their significance and potential impact. 

Compare and contrast structures

This structure of essay writing is ideally used when two or more key subjects require a comparison of ideas, theories, or phenomena. The three crucial elements, introduction, body, and conclusion, remain the same. The introduction presents the context and the thesis statement. The body of the essay seeks to focus on and highlight differences between the subjects, supported by evidence and analysis. The conclusion is used to summarize the key points of comparison and contrast, offering insights into the significance of the analysis.  

Depending on how the subjects will be discussed, the body of the essay can be organized according to the block method or the alternating method. In the block method, one para discusses one subject and the next para the other subject. In the alternative method, both subjects are discussed in one para based on a particular topic or issue followed by the next para on another issue and so on.  

Frequently asked questions on essay structure

An essay structure serves as a framework for presenting ideas coherently and logically. It comprises three crucial elements: an introduction that communicates the context, topic, and thesis statement; the body focusing on the main points and arguments supported with appropriate evidence followed by its analysis; and a conclusion that ties together the main points and its importance .  

An essay structure well-defined essay structure enhances clarity, coherence, and readability, and is crucial for organizing ideas and arguments to effectively communicate key aspects of a chosen topic. It allows readers to better understand arguments presented and demonstrates the author’s ability to organize and present information systematically. 

Yes, while expert recommend following an essay structure, early career researchers may choose how best to adapt standard essay structures to communicate and share their research in an impactful and engaging way. However, do keep in mind that deviating too far from established structures can hinder comprehension and weaken the overall effectiveness of the essay,  By understanding the basic elements of essay writing and employing appropriate structures such as chronological, problem-methods-solutions, or compare and contrast, researchers can effectively organize their ideas and communicate their findings with clarity and precision. 

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How to write an essay: Essay structure

• What's in this guide
• Introduction

Essay structure

• Additional resources

Writing an Introduction

• Section One is a neutral sentence that will engage the reader’s interest in your essay.
• Section Two Picks up the topic you are writing about by identifying the issues that you are going to explore.
• Section Three is an indication of how the question will be answered. Give a brief outline of how you will deal with each issue, and in which order.

Writing a Body Paragraph

• The topic sentence introduces the topic of your paragraph.
• The sentences that follow the topic sentence will develop the central idea of your topic.
• The concluding sentence is the last sentence of your paragraph and restates the idea expressed in the topic sentence.

Writing a Conclusion

• Re-read your introduction – this information will need to be restated in your conclusion emphasising what you have proven and how you have proven it.
• Begin by summarising your main arguments e.g. ‘This essay has considered…..’
• State your general conclusions, explaining why these are important .
• The final sentences should draw on the evidence you have presented in the body of the essay to re-state your conclusion in an interesting way (use a transitional word to get you started e.g. Overall, Therefore)

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Does my paper flow? Tips for creating a well-structured essay.

by Jessica Diaz

A sure way to improve your paper is to strengthen the way you present your argument. Whether you only have a thesis statement or already have a fully-written essay, these tips can help your paper flow logically from start to finish.

Going from a thesis statement to a first outline

Break down your thesis statement

No matter what you are arguing, your thesis can be broken down into smaller points that need to be backed up with evidence. These claims can often be used to create a ready outline for the rest of your paper, and help you check that you are including all the evidence you should have.

Take the following thesis statement:

Despite the similarities between the documentaries Blackfish and The Cove , the use of excessive anthropomorphism in Blackfish allowed it to achieve more tangible success for animal rights movements, illustrating the need for animal rights documentaries to appeal to human emotion.

We can break the thesis down into everything that needs to be supported:

Despite the similarities between the documentaries Blackfish and The Cove , the use of excessive anthropomorphism in Blackfish allowed it to achieve more tangible success for animal rights movements , illustrating the need for animal rights documentaries to appeal to human emotion .

In the paper, we have to (1) explain and support the similarities between the two documentaries, (2) provide support for excessive anthropomorphism in Blackfish , (3) show that Blackfish achieved more tangible success than The Cove , and (4) demonstrate the importance of human emotion in animal documentaries.

Already, we have four main points that can serve as the backbone for an essay outline, and they are already in an order that makes some intuitive sense for building up the argument.

It is likely that you will need to rearrange, expand, or further break down the outline. For example, in this case we would probably need to add a paragraph that explains anthropomorphism. We also might want to move the section on differences in animal rights success earlier so that it contrasts with the similarities between the films. However, having this starting structure and identifying the main sections of the paper can allow you to go ahead and start writing!

Checking that your argument builds

Reverse outline

While writing, it is often hard to take a step back and assess whether your paper makes sense or reads well. Creating a reverse outline can help you get a zoomed-out picture of what you wrote and helps you see if any paragraphs or ideas need to be rearranged.

To create a reverse outline, go through your paper paragraph-by-paragraph. For each one, read it and summarize the main point of the paragraph in 3-5 words. In most cases, this should align closely with the topic sentence of that paragraph. Once you have gone through the entire paper, you should end up with a list of phrases that, when read in order, walk through your argument.

Does the order make sense? Are the ideas that should go together actually next to each other? Without the extra clutter, the reverse outline helps you answer these questions while looking at your entire structure at once.

Each line of your reverse outline should build on the last one, meaning none of them should make sense in isolation (except the first one). Try pretending you don’t know anything about this topic and read one of your paragraph phrases at random (or read it to someone else!). Does it make sense, or does it need more context? Do the paragraphs that go before it give the context it needs?

The reverse outline method and the line of thinking detailed above help put you in the mind of your reader. Your reader will only encounter your ideas in the order that you give it to them, so it is important to take this step back to make sure that order is the right one.

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Writing an effective and impactful essay is crucial to your academic or professional success. Whether it’s getting into the college of your dreams or scoring high on a major assignment, writing a well-structured essay will help you achieve it all. But before you learn how to write an essay , you need to know its basic components.

In this article, we will understand what an essay is, how long it should be, and its different parts and types. We will also take a detailed look at relevant examples to better understand the essay structure.

Get an A+ with our essay editing and proofreading services! Learn more

What is an essay?

An essay is a concise piece of nonfiction writing that aims to either inform the reader about a topic or argue a particular perspective. It can either be formal or informal in nature. Most academic essays are highly formal, whereas informal essays are commonly found in journal entries, social media, or even blog posts.

As we can see from this essay definition, the beauty of essays lies in their versatility. From the exploration of complex scientific concepts to the history and evolution of everyday objects, they can cover a vast range of topics.

How long is an essay?

The length of an essay can vary from a few hundred to several thousand words but typically falls between 500–5,000 words. However, there are exceptions to this norm, such as Joan Didion and David Sedaris who have written entire books of essays.

Let’s take a look at the different types of essays and their lengths with the help of the following table:

How many paragraphs are in an essay?

Typically, an essay has five paragraphs: an introduction, a conclusion, and three body paragraphs. However, there is no set rule about the number of paragraphs in an essay.

The number of paragraphs can vary depending on the type and scope of your essay. An expository or argumentative essay may require more body paragraphs to include all the necessary information, whereas a narrative essay may need fewer.

Structure of an essay

To enhance the coherence and readability of your essay, it’s important to follow certain rules regarding the structure. Take a look:

1. Arrange your information from the most simple to the most complex bits. You can start the body paragraph off with a general statement and then move on to specifics.

2. Provide the necessary background information at the beginning of your essay to give the reader the context behind your thesis statement.

3. Select topic statements that provide value, more information, or evidence for your thesis statement.

There are also various essay structures , such as the compare and contrast structure, chronological structure, problem method solution structure, and signposting structure that you can follow to create an organized and impactful essay.

Parts of an essay

An impactful, well-structured essay comes down to three important parts: the introduction, body, and conclusion.

1. The introduction sets the stage for your essay and is typically a paragraph long. It should grab the reader’s attention and give them a clear idea of what your essay will be about.

2. The body is where you dive deeper into your topic and present your arguments and evidence. It usually consists of two paragraphs, but this can vary depending on the type of essay you’re writing.

3. The conclusion brings your essay to a close and is typically one paragraph long. It should summarize the main points of the essay and leave the reader with something to think about.

The length of your paragraphs can vary depending on the type of essay you’re writing. So, make sure you take the time to plan out your essay structure so each section flows smoothly into the next.

Introduction

When it comes to writing an essay, the introduction is a critical component that sets the tone for the entire piece. A well-crafted introduction not only grabs the reader’s attention but also provides them with a clear understanding of what the essay is all about. An essay editor can help you achieve this, but it’s best to know the brief yourself!

Let’s take a look at how to write an attractive and informative introductory paragraph.

1. Construct an attractive hook

To grab the reader’s attention, an opening statement or hook is crucial. This can be achieved by incorporating a surprising statistic, a shocking fact, or an interesting anecdote into the beginning of your piece.

For example, if you’re writing an essay about water conservation you can begin your essay with, “Clean drinking water, a fundamental human need, remains out of reach for more than one billion people worldwide. It deprives them of a basic human right and jeopardizes their health and wellbeing.”

2. Provide sufficient context or background information

An effective introduction should begin with a brief description or background of your topic. This will help provide context and set the stage for your discussion.

For example, if you’re writing an essay about climate change, you start by describing the current state of the planet and the impact that human activity is having on it.

3. Construct a well-rounded and comprehensive thesis statement

A good introduction should also include the main message or thesis statement of your essay. This is the central argument that you’ll be making throughout the piece. It should be clear, concise, and ideally placed toward the end of the introduction.

By including these elements in your introduction, you’ll be setting yourself up for success in the rest of your essay.

Let’s take a look at an example.

Essay introduction example

• Background information
• Thesis statement

The Wright Brothers’ invention of the airplane in 1903 revolutionized the way humans travel and explore the world. Prior to this invention, transportation relied on trains, boats, and cars, which limited the distance and speed of travel. However, the airplane made air travel a reality, allowing people to reach far-off destinations in mere hours. This breakthrough paved the way for modern-day air travel, transforming the world into a smaller, more connected place. In this essay, we will explore the impact of the Wright Brothers’ invention on modern-day travel, including the growth of the aviation industry, increased accessibility of air travel to the general public, and the economic and cultural benefits of air travel.

Body paragraphs

You can persuade your readers and make your thesis statement compelling by providing evidence, examples, and logical reasoning. To write a fool-proof and authoritative essay, you need to provide multiple well-structured, substantial arguments.

Let’s take a look at how this can be done:

1. Write a topic sentence for each paragraph

The beginning of each of your body paragraphs should contain the main arguments that you’d like to address. They should provide ground for your thesis statement and make it well-rounded. You can arrange these arguments in several formats depending on the type of essay you’re writing.

2. Provide the supporting information

The next point of your body paragraph should provide supporting information to back up your main argument. Depending on the type of essay, you can elaborate on your main argument with the help of relevant statistics, key information, examples, or even personal anecdotes.

3. Analyze the supporting information

After providing relevant details and supporting information, it is important to analyze it and link it back to your main argument.

4. Create a smooth transition to the next paragraph

End one body paragraph with a smooth transition to the next. There are many ways in which this can be done, but the most common way is to give a gist of your main argument along with the supporting information with transitory words such as “however” “in addition to” “therefore”.

Here’s an example of a body paragraph.

Essay body paragraph example

• Topic sentence
• Supporting information
• Analysis of the information
• Smooth transition to the next paragraph

The Wright Brothers’ invention of the airplane revolutionized air travel. They achieved the first-ever successful powered flight with the Wright Flyer in 1903, after years of conducting experiments and studying flight principles. Despite their first flight lasting only 12 seconds, it was a significant milestone that paved the way for modern aviation. The Wright Brothers’ success can be attributed to their systematic approach to problem-solving, which included numerous experiments with gliders, the development of a wind tunnel to test their designs, and meticulous analysis and recording of their results. Their dedication and ingenuity forever changed the way we travel, making modern aviation possible.

A powerful concluding statement separates a good essay from a brilliant one. To create a powerful conclusion, you need to start with a strong foundation.

Let’s take a look at how to construct an impactful concluding statement.

1. Restructure your thesis statement

To conclude your essay effectively, don’t just restate your thesis statement. Instead, use what you’ve learned throughout your essay and modify your thesis statement accordingly. This will help you create a conclusion that ties together all of the arguments you’ve presented.

2. Summarize the main points of your essay

The next point of your conclusion consists of a summary of the main arguments of your essay. It is crucial to effectively summarize the gist of your essay into one, well-structured paragraph.

3. Create a lasting impression with your concluding statement

Conclude your essay by including a key takeaway, or a powerful statement that creates a lasting impression on the reader. This can include the broader implications or consequences of your essay topic.

Here’s an example of a concluding paragraph.

Essay conclusion example

• Restated thesis statement
• Summary of the main points
• Broader implications of the thesis statement

The Wright Brothers’ invention of the airplane forever changed history by paving the way for modern aviation and countless aerospace advancements. Their persistence, innovation, and dedication to problem-solving led to the first successful powered flight in 1903, sparking a revolution in transportation that transformed the world. Today, air travel remains an integral part of our globalized society, highlighting the undeniable impact of the Wright Brothers’ contribution to human civilization.

Types of essays

Most essays are derived from the combination or variation of these four main types of essays . let’s take a closer look at these types.

1. Narrative essay

A narrative essay is a type of writing that involves telling a story, often based on personal experiences. It is a form of creative nonfiction that allows you to use storytelling techniques to convey a message or a theme.

2. Descriptive essay

A descriptive essay aims to provide an immersive experience for the reader by using sensory descriptors. Unlike a narrative essay, which tells a story, a descriptive essay has a narrower scope and focuses on one particular aspect of a story.

3. Argumentative essays

An argumentative essay is a type of essay that aims to persuade the reader to adopt a particular stance based on factual evidence and is one of the most common forms of college essays.

4. Expository essays

An expository essay is a common format used in school and college exams to assess your understanding of a specific topic. The purpose of an expository essay is to present and explore a topic thoroughly without taking any particular stance or expressing personal opinions.

While this article demonstrates what is an essay and describes its types, you may also have other doubts. As experts who provide essay editing and proofreading services , we’re here to help. 

Our team has created a list of resources to clarify any doubts about writing essays. Keep reading to write engaging and well-organized essays!

• How to Write an Essay in 8 Simple Steps
• How to Write an Essay Header
• How to Write an Essay Outline

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between an argumentative and an expository essay, what is the difference between a narrative and a descriptive essay, what is an essay format, what is the meaning of essay, what is the purpose of writing an essay.

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How to write an essay

Part of English Writing skills

Did you know?

The word essay comes from the French word 'essayer' close Sorry, something went wrong Check your connection, refresh the page and try again. meaning ‘to try’ or ‘to attempt’. A French writer called Michel de Montaigne invented the essay in Europe as his ‘attempt’ to write about himself and his thoughts.

Introduction to how to write an essay

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An essay is a piece of non-fiction writing with a  clear structure : an introduction, paragraphs with evidence and a conclusion. Writing an essay is an important skill in English and allows you to show your knowledge and understanding of the texts you read and study.

It is important to  plan  your essay before you start writing so that you write clearly and thoughtfully about the essay topic. Evidence , in the form of quotations and examples, is the foundation of an effective essay and  provides proof  for your points.

Video about planning an essay

Learn how to plan, structure and use evidence in your essays

Why do we write essays?

The purpose of an essay is to show your understanding, views or opinions in response to an essay question, and to persuade the reader that what you are writing makes sense and can be backed up with evidence. In a literature essay, this usually means looking closely at a text (for example, a novel, poem or play) and responding to it with your ideas.

Essays can focus on a particular section of a text, for example, a particular chapter or scene, or ask a big picture question to make you think deeply about a character, idea or theme throughout the whole text.

Often essays are questions, for example, ‘How does the character Jonas change in the novel, The Giver by Lois Lowry?’ or they can be written using command words to tell you what to do, for example ‘Examine how the character Jonas changes in the novel, The Giver by Lois Lowry.’

It is important to look carefully at the essay question or title so that you keep your essay focused and relevant. If the essay tells you to compare two specific poems, you shouldn’t just talk about the two poems separately and you shouldn’t bring in lots of other poems.

Using evidence

Evidence is the foundation of an effective essay and provides proof for your points.

For an essay about a piece of literature, the best evidence will come from the text itself.

Back up each of your supporting statements with evidence. The evidence should be relevant and clearly connected to the point you’re making.

In a literary essay, evidence could take the form of:

• Quotations from the text, for example, if the essay focus was on the character of The Giver, it would be useful to explain that Lowry first describes The Giver as ‘tired’ ‘old’ and ‘weighted’ which suggests that he is suffering.
• Examples that describe the text. For example, for the same essay focusing on the character of The Giver, it might be interesting to explore the way that The Giver chooses the memories for Jonas to experience or his sadness at the loss of Rosemary. You can't quote all of this so you have to summarise the text.

True or false?

Evidence only includes quotations from the text.

Answer: False . Evidence includes referring to what happens in the text as well – it doesn’t always have to be in the form of a quotation.

Referring to literary devices

In literature essays, you are often asked to look closely at how the writer writes and analyse the language used. For example, what words and phrases does the writer use? Do they use any literary devices like metaphors close metaphor Makes a direct comparison by presents one thing as if it were something else with the characteristic. For example describing a brave person as a lion. or similes close simile A literary technique where a comparison is made between two things using ‘as’ or ‘like’. and what is the effect of them? Do they repeat words or create other patterns with language? It is worth looking carefully at quotations to notice what the writer is doing and why they might be doing it.

For example in The Giver , Jonas is given access to lots of memories – some wonderful, some painful. At one point, he receives a memory of a ‘bright, breezy day on a clear turquoise lake, and above him the white sail of the boat billowing as he moved along in the brisk wind.’ In an essay you could use this as an example of a positive memory that has been lost to everyone except Jonas and The Giver. You could then zoom in deeper on the quotation and comment on the language and its effect. You might notice the alliteration of the ‘b’ sound or the use of colour imagery to help to create such a positive memory.

In a literature essay it is useful to know how to use technical terms such as metaphor, simile or imagery. It is also useful to use technical vocabulary for writing about literature such as plot, character, setting or theme.

Explaining effects of language

In a literature essay it is not only important to be able to write about what happens or the big ideas of the text but also to look closely at the effect of the words and phrases from the text that you are using as evidence.

For example, in the novel, The Giver , it is clear that having access to years of memories is difficult. When Jonas ‘braced himself and entered the memory which was torturing The Giver’ it would be worth noting the use of the word ‘torture’ in an essay. So for example, you could write after using this quotation:

Lowry chooses the powerful word ‘torture’ to describe the memories and reveal to the reader that this is a painful process which creates terrible suffering.

Thinking about what to include in an essay first will make it easier to structure and write the essay. Your essay will be much more convincing if you can offer evidence for each of your ideas. A literature essay will also benefit from you knowing technical terms about literature and language and using them to explain and add depth to your ideas.

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How to structure an essay

(Last updated: 13 May 2021)

Since 2006, Oxbridge Essays has been the UK’s leading paid essay-writing and dissertation service

We have helped 10,000s of undergraduate, Masters and PhD students to maximise their grades in essays, dissertations, model-exam answers, applications and other materials. If you would like a free chat about your project with one of our UK staff, then please just reach out on one of the methods below.

This guide is for anyone looking to vastly improve their essay writing skills through better knowledge what is meant by good 'essay structure'.

Essay writing is a key component to academic success at every level. It is, essentially, the way in which people within the academic community communicate with each other. Thus, there are fundamental ways in which academics structure their work and formal ways of communicating what they have to say. Writing essays is not simply a hoop for students to jump through. The vast majority of instructors and professors also write essays at a professional level, and they do not ask of their students anything less than the standard that is asked of them.

Where too many students go wrong in writing their essays is in either failing to plan ahead (not giving sufficient, care, thought, or time to the process) or in not understanding the expectations of essay writing. Of these expectations, appropriate and effective essay structure is critical. Students often lose valuable marks by failing to structure their essays clearly and concisely to make the best of their ideas.

So how do you structure academic writing? What is the best essay structure format?

First, consider what an essay is . What is it supposed to do? At its core an essay is simply an argument . Now, by argument we don’t mean a slanging match between two angry people. Rather, we are talking about a formal argument. An idea or a claim, which is supported by logic and/or evidence.

Imagine the following scenario: you feel the time has come to approach your boss about getting a raise at work. Imagine yourself walking into your supervisor’s office and requesting that raise. Almost automatically, your mind formulates a rhetorical structure. There are effective and ineffective ways of asking of making such a request. The effective strategy will have a logic and an order. You will firstly claim that you deserve a raise. And you will give evidence to support why you deserve that raise. For example: you are a hard worker, you are never late, you have the admiration and respect of your colleagues, you have been offered another position elsewhere and you want the pay matched. And so on. And you would probably wrap up your discussion with an overview of of why giving you more money is important.

And that is fundamentally an essay. Every good essay has three basic parts: an introduction, a body, and a conclusion.

This simple guide will show you how to perfect your essay structure by clearly introducing and concluding your argument, and laying out your paragraphs coherently in between. Your essay writing can be dramatically improved overnight simply by using the correct essay structure, as explained below.

Where the essay starts

When you are writing an essay , every sentence and every paragraph is important. But there is something extra important about introductions. Just like going out on a date for the first time, you want the introduction to be just right, almost perfect. You want to put your best self forward and create a great first impression.

You should already know this, but most professors and instructors will start grading your work in their head as soon as they begin reading it. They will be sorting your essay, maybe not in terms of a grade, but most definitely in terms of strong/weak, interesting/dull, or effective/ineffective. And most will have some notion of where your essay falls on that scale before they even finish the introduction. It will be the rarest of markers who withholds judgement until the end. The introduction is something you absolutely must start strong.

Always develop an introduction that clearly sets out the aims of what you are about to write and, if applicable, refers to the subject under investigation. State what the essay will try to achieve and briefly mention some of the main points you will consider. The idea is to give the marker an overview of your argument, to show that your thought process is logical and coherent and that you have carefully thought the question through. Don’t try to go into any of your key points in depth in your introduction – they will each be covered by a full paragraph later on. If the question is an ‘either or’ or a ‘how far do you agree’ question, it is useful to set out both sides of the argument briefly in the introduction in preparation for exploring the two sides later in the essay.

Think of your introduction as a thumbnail picture of the whole essay. Anyone, but especially the marker, should know the essay subject and how you intend to prove or disprove it, just from having read just the introduction.

Take the following example:

You have been given this assignment: The main purpose of Gothic fiction is to break normal moral and social codes. Discuss.

A strong introduction should read something like this:

It is certainly true that many works of Gothic fiction manifest the transgression of normal moral and social codes as their major theme. Their emphasis on female sexuality, their breaking of the boundaries between life and death and their shocking displays of immoral religious characters would all suggest that this is indeed the case. However, it is also important to consider other major aspects of the genre that might be considered equally important in purpose, such as its fascination with the supernatural, its portrayal of artificial humanity and its satirical social attacks. This essay will explore these conflicting purposes with reference to several different Gothic texts to discover what might be best described as the ‘main’ purpose of the genre.

Reread that paragraph. Does it tell you what the topic of the essay is? What the point is? What the essay plans to do? Now, without reading think about just the size of that paragraph. If a marker were to see an introduction that were any less than that they would automatically know, without even reading a word, that the topic was not going to be well introduced. That is not to suggest you simply fill up the paragraph, but that a certain amount of information in the introduction is expected.

It is worth pointing out that in a much longer essay an introduction does not need to be limited to a single paragraph. Generally, however, it will be.

The body of your essay

The second part of the essay is the body. This is the longest part of the essay. In general, a short essay will have at least three full paragraphs; a long essay considerably more.

Each paragraph is a point that you want to make that relates to the topic. So, going back to the ‘give me more money’ example from earlier, each reason you have for deserving a raise should be a separate paragraph, and that paragraph is an elaboration on that claim.

Paragraphs, like the essay overall, also have an expected structure. You should start a new paragraph for each major new idea within your essay, to clearly show the examiner the structure of your argument. Each paragraph should begin with a signpost sentence that sets out the main point you are going to explore in that section. It is sometimes helpful to refer back to the title of the essay in the signpost sentence, to remind the examiner of the relevance of your point. Essay writing becomes much easier for you too this way, as you remind yourself exactly what you are focusing on each step of the way.

Here's a signpost sentence example: One important way in which Gothic fiction transgresses normal moral and social codes is in its portrayal of the female heroine.

Further sentences in this paragraph would then go on to expand and back up your point in greater detail and with relevant examples. The paragraph should not contain any sentences that are not directly related to the issue set out in the signpost sentence. So you are writing an essay that clearly separates its ideas into structured sections. Going back to the wage-raise example: in the middle of talking about how punctual you are, would you start talking about how you are a good colleague, then about that client you impressed, and then talk about your punctuality again? Of course not. The same rules apply: each paragraph deals with one idea, one subject.

The end of your essay

The last section of your essay is the conclusion. In general, this will also be a single paragraph in shorter essays, but can go on to two or three for slightly longer discussions.

Every well-structured essay ends with a conclusion . Its purpose is to summarise the main points of your argument and, if appropriate, to draw a final decision or judgement about the issues you have been discussing. Sometimes, conclusions attempt to connect the essay to broader issues or areas of further study.

It is important not to introduce any new ideas in the conclusion – it is simply a reminder of what your essay has already covered. It may be useful again to refer back to the title in the conclusion to make it very clear to the examiner that you have thoroughly answered the question at hand. Make sure you remind them of your argument by very concisely touching on each key point.

Here an example of an essay conclusion:

Overall, whilst it is certainly true that the characters, plots and settings of Gothic fiction seem firmly intended to break normal moral and social codes, the great incidence within the genre of the depiction of the supernatural, and in particular its insistent reference to social injustice and hypocrisy might suggest that in fact its main purpose was the criticism and reform of society.

But where do I start???

Now you should have a solid grasp of a typical essay structure but might not know how to actually begin structuring your essay. Everyone works differently. Some people have no trouble thinking everything out in their head, or putting together a plan, and starting with the introduction and finishing with the conclusion.

One surefire way to make your life easier is to, in the first instance, write out an essay plan . Jotting down a plan where you create a structure, which details what your essay will cover, will save you time in the long run - so we highly recommend you do this!

When planning your essay structure, we suggest writing from the inside out and doing the body paragraphs first. Since each body paragraph is a main idea, then once you know what your main ideas are, these should come fairly easily. Then the introduction and conclusion after that.

If you're really struggling - or just curious - you can also look into the Essay Writing Service from ourselves here at Oxbridge Essays. We can put together a comprehensive essay plan for you, which maps out your essay and outlines the key points in advance, and in turn makes the writing process much easier.

One final thought to remember: good essays are not written, they are rewritten . Always go over your first draft and look for ways to improve it before handing it in.

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At the heart of every essay lies a structured framework that ensures the conveyance of ideas in a coherent and logical manner. The essay structure is the backbone of academic writing , guiding readers through the essay. A well-structured essay helps convey information seamlessly and enhances the reader’s comprehension of the topic. This article will delve into the essential components of essay structure and will answer frequently asked questions about essay structure.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• 1 Essay structure in a nutshell
• 2 Definition: Essay structure
• 3 Parts of the essay structure
• 4 Essay structure examples
• 5 Different types

Essay structure in a nutshell

An essay structure is the organized way in which the writer’s ideas are presented in writing, ensuring that the reader can follow and understand the main points easily. Think of it like a skeleton that holds and shapes the content of the essay. The parts every essay includes are the introduction, body, and conclusion.

Definition: Essay structure

Essay structure has a lot to do with the way you have presented your thoughts and logic in an academic essay . For instance, you want to ensure that you present one idea at a time, and then support them with facts to convince your readers. A good essay structure should also use an active voice and conclude with thoughts that are focused on summarizing the aforementioned ideas. Furthermore, in the concluding paragraph, let your readers know your ground based on the subject.

To write a strong essay, you need to come up with coherent ideas and use them to create a striking argument. Your essay structure should be one that lures the reader into following what you have to say closely. In this bit, we have shared valuable tips to help you learn and use the right essay structure in your next creative writing.

Imagine you’re telling a friend a story.

• Beginning (introduction) : You set the scene. “Hey, I want to tell you about the time I went camping.”
• Middle (body) : You give the main details and events. “First, we set up the tent. Then, at night, we heard a strange noise…”
• End (conclusion) : You wrap up the story. “So, it turned out to be just a squirrel! But it was a memorable trip.”

The structure of nearly every single essay is simply like this:

• Introduction : Introduce your topic.
• Body : Explain the main points and details.
• Conclusion : Sum up everything you’ve said.

That’s the basic essay structure!

Parts of the essay structure

As mentioned above, the essential parts of a strong essay include the introduction, body, and conclusion. Below you will find a quick overview of the basic structure of an essay along with the content of each part.

Introduction

To give your essay a good introduction, you want to make it broad, but be careful not to go too broad. Moreover, this is the part in which you should share some background information related to the topic. However, you want to be careful not to start your argument just yet. Toward the end of your introduction, drop a thesis statement . This is also called the topic sentence and the most important part of your basic essay structure. Some writers also prefer throwing their thesis in the last sentence, but that relies greatly on your style of writing.

The body is the term used to refer to the paragraphs that come after the introduction but before the conclusion of the essay structure. A well-structured essay should feature multiple academic body paragraphs and include transition words . However, the overall length of the body of your academic essay is determined by the number of ideas you have to share. The details you use to back up your thoughts also have an impact on the overall length of the body of the essay structure. Make sure that you present one idea after the other, and then support them with substantial facts to convince your readers.

Your conclusion might look a bit similar to the introductory paragraph of the essay structure. In this section, make sure to restate your thesis because your readers might have lost it while reading the body. Furthermore, in the conclusion, you need to create a summary of the main points your essay touches. Do not forget to remind the readers of what you think about the entire subject in discussion of the essay structure.

Number of paragraphs

The number of paragraphs in an essay largely depends on the essay’s length, complexity, and specific requirements set by the instructor or the assignment. There is no set requirement for college essays. However, there are some general guidelines.

• Short essays: 500 words or fewer
• Standard college essays: 1,000 to 1,500 words
• Long essays: 1,500 words and above

Note: Be sure to use transition words when writing your paragraphs to enhance the flow and readability of your academic essay.

Essay structure examples

Several methods exist for organizing information in an essay. Typically, your assignment will specify the style to adopt. If uncertain about the appropriate approach, it’s wise to consult your instructor. However, these are all solid essay structures. In the following, you will learn about the basics of essay structure along with templates for essays.

Chronological essay structure

A chronological essay structure is an organization method where a series of events or steps are presented in the order they occurred in time, from the earliest to the latest or vice versa. It’s particularly useful for recounting events, like historical events, narrating stories, or detailing processes.

Note: It’s crucial to provide clear transitions and explanations, so the reader can easily follow the progression and understand the significance of each step or event.

• Introduction 1.1 Hook 1.2 Background 1.3 Thesis statement
• Body 2.1 First Event (the earliest in time) 2.1.1 Discussion 2.1.2 Consequences 2.2 Second Event 2.2.1 Discussion 2.2.2 Consequences
• Conclusion 3.1 Recap 3.2 Significance or impact of the topic 3.3 Closing statement (concluding thoughts or perspectives)

Topic: The development of personal computers over time.

• Introduction 1.1 Hook: From massive room-sized machines to sleek devices that fit in our pockets, personal computers have undergone a radical transformation in just a few decades.” 1.2 Background: Brief history of early computing devices and their initial applications. 1.3 Thesis statement: “The evolution of personal computers, from their inception to the present, has not only revolutionized technology but also drastically altered our daily lives.”
• Body 2.1 First Event (the earliest in time):** Introduction of the first personal computer. 2.1.1 Discussion: Description of the first personal computer, its creators, its design, capabilities, and its reception by the public. 2.1.2 Consequences: How the introduction of this computer paved the way for future technological developments and impacted industries. 2.2 Second Event: The graphical user interface (GUI) and the mouse. 2.2.1 Discussion: Origin of GUI, its integration into personal computers, and the invention of the mouse. 2.2.2 Consequences: The transformation of user experience, making computing more accessible and user-friendly, sparking wider adoption.
• Conclusion 3.1 Recap: A brief overview of the main events discussed in the essay. 3.2 Significance: Reflection on how the evolution of personal computers has affected work, education, communication, and entertainment. 3.3 Closing statement: “As we witness the relentless march of technological progress, it’s vital to appreciate the humble beginnings of personal computers and recognize their profound influence on modern society.”

Problems methods solution essay structure

A problems methods solution essay structure is designed to identify an issue, present a method to address it, and then propose potential solutions. This format is particularly effective for topics that involve challenges or issues that need addressing.

• Introduction 1.1 Introducing the problem 1.2 Background 1.3 Description of solution approach
• Problem 2.1 Precise definition 2.2 Causes 2.3 Effects
• Method 3.1 Previous approaches to the problem 3.2 New approach and why it’s better
• Solution 4.1 Application of the new method to the problem 4.2 Solution after doing so
• Conclusion 5.1 Effectiveness of solution 5.2 Description of implications 5.3 Closing statement

Topic: Plastic pollution in the oceans.

• Introduction 1.1 Problem: “Plastic pollution in the world’s oceans is an escalating crisis.” 1.2 Background: Overview of the scale of plastic waste dumped into the ocean annually and its sources 1.3 Description: “By employing innovative waste management and biodegradable alternatives, we may start to reverse this tidal wave of pollution.”
• Problem 2.1 Definition: “Plastic pollution refers to the accumulation of discarded plastic products in marine environments, leading to habitat destruction and harm to marine life.” 2.2 Causes: Indiscriminate disposal of plastic, lack of recycling initiatives, single-use plastic products, and ineffective waste management systems. 2.3 Effects: Entanglement and ingestion by marine animals, disruption of marine ecosystems, microplastics entering the human food chain.
• Method 3.1 Previous approaches: Use of ocean cleanup projects, awareness campaigns, and certain bans on plastic items. 3.2 New approach: “Promoting the mass adoption of biodegradable plastics and enhancing global waste management infrastructure, offering a more holistic and sustainable solution.”
• Solution 4.1 Launch of global initiatives promoting the use of biodegradable plastics, incentives for industries to adopt better waste practices, and establishment of international waste management standards. 4.2 Significant reduction in new plastic waste entering oceans, gradual cleanup of existing pollutants, and restoration of marine ecosystems.
• Conclusion 5.1 Effectiveness: “Early results from regions that have adopted these methods show a 40% reduction in marine plastic waste.” 5.2 Implications: Healthier marine ecosystems, safeguarded marine species, reduced health risks for humans, and a model for addressing other environmental challenges. 5.3 Closing statement: “The battle against oceanic plastic pollution, while daunting, showcases humanity’s capacity to innovate and protect our blue planet.”

Compare-and-contrast essay structure

A compare-and-contrast essay structure is designed to evaluate the similarities and differences between two subjects. This can be a literary analysis essay that compares two texts, but it can also be an argumentative essay that compares the strengths of arguments. This structure helps readers understand and analyze the two subjects in relation to one another.

There are two primary methods of the compare-and-contrast essay structure for organizing a compare-and-contrast essay: the block method and the point-by-point method . The choice of structure often depends on the complexity of the subjects, the length of the essay, and the writer’s preference.

Point-by-point method

In this method of the essay structure, you alternate between points about the first subject and comparable points about the second subject. For example, if comparing cats and dogs, you might discuss the fur of cats, then the fur of dogs, followed by the temperament of cats, then the temperament of dogs, and so on.

• Body 2.1 First point of comparison 2.1.1 Subject 1 2.1.2 Subject 2 2.2 Second point of comparison 2.2.1 Subject 1 2.2.2 Subject 2
• Conclusion 3.1 Summary of arguments (synthesis) 3.2 Relevance of topic 3.3 Closing statement

The topics “traditional schooling” (subject 1) and “online learning” (subject 2) will be compared and contrasted.

• Introduction 1.1 Hook: “In the age of technology, the blackboard, and chalk classroom finds itself competing with screens and keyboards.” 1.2 Background: Brief overview of the rise of online learning platforms and their increasing popularity recently. 1.3 Thesis statement: “While both traditional schooling and online learning offer unique educational experiences, they differ significantly in terms of interaction, flexibility, and learning environment.”
• Body 2.1 First point of comparison: Interaction 2.1.1 Traditional schooling: Emphasizes face-to-face interactions, providing students immediate feedback and promoting social skills through group activities. 2.1.2 Online learning: Relies mostly on digital communication, which might delay feedback but also offers a wider network of international peers. 2.2 Second point of comparison: Flexibility 2.2.1 Traditional schooling: Generally follows a fixed schedule, with set times for classes, which might not cater to everyone’s personal schedule. 2.2.2 Online learning: Often allows for a self-paced learning experience, offering students the flexibility to learn at their preferred times.
• Conclusion 3.1 Synthesis: Both traditional schooling and online learning have their merits, with the former offering a rich interactive experience and the latter granting unparalleled flexibility. 3.2 Relevance: In today’s evolving educational landscape, understanding the pros and cons of both learning methods is vital for educators, parents, and students alike. 3.3 Closing statement: “As the future of education unfolds, the blend of traditional and online methods might just be the key to fostering a holistic learning experience.”

Block method

In the block method of the essay structure, you discuss one subject in its entirety before moving on to the second subject. Using the same example, you’d first discuss cats (fur, temperament, care, etc.) and then move on to discuss dogs.

• Body 2.1 First subject 2.1.1 Point 1 2.1.2 Point 2 2.2 Second subject 2.2.1 Point 1 (compare) 2.2.2 Point 2 (compare)
• Conclusion 3.1 Summary of arguments (synthesis) 3.2 Importance of topic 3.3 Closing statement

The topics “living in the city” (subject 1) and “living in the countryside” (subject 2) will be compared and contrasted.

• Introduction 1.1 Hook: “The hustle and bustle of city streets versus the serenity of open fields—where does one truly find peace?” 1.2 Background: A brief description of urban and rural living and the age-old debate about which is better. 1.3 Thesis statement: “City life and countryside living present contrasting lifestyles, each with its unique benefits and challenges.”
• Body 2.1 First subject: Living in the city 2.1.1 Point 1: Cities offer a plethora of services, entertainment venues, shopping malls, and healthcare facilities right at one’s doorstep. 2.1.2 Point 2: City life is often characterized by its bustling nature, with people always on the move and a never-ending list of things to do. 2.2 Second subject: Living in the countryside 2.2.1 Point 1 (compare): While the countryside might lack some modern facilities, it offers residents a close connection to nature, with fresh air and open spaces. 2.2.2 Point 2 (compare): The countryside provides an escape from the rush of urban areas, with its calm, laid-back lifestyle and fewer distractions.
• Conclusion 3.1 Synthesis: While city life offers modern conveniences and a dynamic environment, the countryside provides tranquility and a deep connection with nature. 3.2 Importance: The decision between city and countryside living can significantly impact one’s quality of life, mental health, and overall well-being. 3.3 Closing statement: “Whether amidst skyscrapers or wheat fields, true contentment lies in finding a balance between modern comforts and nature’s embrace.”

Different types

There are different types of essays. While they could take different formats, the structure remains the same. Your essay, despite its nature, must have an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. Other details might come in, but they should not interfere with the recommended basic essay structure.

Narrative essay

In the narrative essay , the writers communicate to the readers while sharing a real-life experience. Though this might sound straightforward, the students are usually challenged to tell a story about themselves.

Descriptive essay

A descriptive essay is more of painting a picture. It has a close relationship with the narrative essay. In this case, the writers are expected to use words to create clear, descriptive images.

Expository essay

An expository essay is an informative piece that mainly presents a well-balanced analysis of a given topic. In this case, the writer is expected to use facts, examples, and statistics to define a topic.

Persuasive essay

Persuasive essays are a tool used by writers to convince readers to agree with their perspective. Facts and logic must be used strategically in this case.

Argumentative essay

An argumentative essay is a type of writing where the author takes a stance on a particular issue and provides evidence and reasoning to support that position. The main goal is to persuade the reader to agree with the writer’s viewpoint.

What is the basic essay structure?

The general essay structure contains three main parts. These include the introduction, body, and conclusion. Using this format, you can easily write and ensure that your academic essay is perfectly organized. With this basic academic essay structure in mind, you should stick to the topic to guide your ideas and their sequence.

Why is the essay structure important?

The basic essay structure is not only crucial to the writer but also to the readers. It helps them comprehend the logic and flow of your thoughts as a writer. The main intention of the academic essay should be clearly stated in the essay introduction . The readers should get detailed information about the topic in the body of the academic essay. Summarize everything and share your thoughts with your readers in the concluding paragraph.

What are the different types of essay structures?

There are four main types of essay structures . However, the structure stays the same for the most part:

• Expository essays, descriptive essays and narrative essays
• Argumentative essay or persuasive essay
• Compare and contrast essays
• Analysis, or cause and effect essay structures

Each one of these essays will still have an introduction, followed by body paragraphs with a conclusion at the end.

How does an essay structure look at university?

While you learn about the five-paragraph essay in high school, an essay in university is a tad bit more complicated. You should always create an essay outline before you begin writing. The outline also helps you to come up with elaborate arguments. At a minimum, your essay structure should include the three main parts, namely, introduction, body, and conclusion.

How many sentences should you have in each paragraph?

There is no specification for the number of sentences you should have in each of your paragraphs. For neatness and readability, make sure that each paragraph has a maximum of four sentences. You need to ensure that every paragraph is long enough to cover everything, but also short enough to be interesting.

I’m so happy with how my dissertation turned out! The order process was very...

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GCSE revision resources

How to structure an essay for gcse english literature.

When writing an essay for English Lit you need to make sure that you organise it in a way which includes everything which can get you marks. I will specifically be detailing the structure which I came up with for use in OCR English Lit for GCSE but this could be used or adapted for…

When writing an essay for English Lit you need to make sure that you organise it in a way which includes everything which can get you marks. I will specifically be detailing the structure which I came up with for use in OCR English Lit for GCSE but this could be used or adapted for other exam boards as well.

For the 40 mark essay questions in the OCR exams you are given an extract from text which the question is on and you are also expected to choose your own moments from the text to discuss. The essay structure I would suggest using includes a thesis statement, 4 main paragraphs and a conclusive statement.

Your thesis statement broadly answers the question which you are given and summarises the arguments which you will put forward in your essay. It can be supported by short quotations, often ones which are less interesting to analyse whilst still relevant to answering the question. For higher marks you may want to introduce elements of nuance to your argument or discuss the progression of a character or theme from the question in this section.

You should then write 4 main paragraphs, at least one of these should be on the extract but people usually focus two of their paragraphs on the extract provided. The remaining paragraphs need to use quotations which you have memorised from the text. I have linked StudySmarter flashcards sets for the quotations for all the quotations I learnt at the bottom of the page.

The paragraph structure you should use for each of these 4 main paragraphs is:

Point- a topic sentence briefly explaining an idea in answer to the question

Contextualise- discuss a moment in the text which evidences this point, tell the reader what is broadly going on

Evidence- embed a quotation from this moment in the text

Analysis- analyse the quotation (for help with how to do this check out my post on how to explode quotations)

Context/form- link the analysis to the form (themes or type of text, eg: gothic or tragedy) or the context of the text being written

Reader- explain the effect of the moment on the reader/audience member- either one or both of a modern reader/audience member or a contemporary reader/audience member. Here you can also link again to context or to structure: discuss why a contemporary reader would react the way you have described or discuss changing tensions in the text due to the events of the moment

Using this structure for the paragraphs allows you to: make strong points, analyse language, link to context, discuss the form of the text, include references to structure and how all of these features impact the reader.

Finally you should end in a conclusion of only one or two sentences to end your essay.

Jekyll and Hyde:

https://app.studysmarter.de/studyset/19550616?ref=QQEjfH2Pg6WIL02krjcIsjei48LvMpJe

Romeo and Juliet:

https://app.studysmarter.de/studyset/19550624?ref=QQEjfH2Pg6WIL02krjcIsjei48LvMpJe

An Inspector Calls:

https://app.studysmarter.de/studyset/19696738?ref=QQEjfH2Pg6WIL02krjcIsjei48LvMpJe

Conflict Poetry (OCR):

https://app.studysmarter.de/studyset/19500214?ref=QQEjfH2Pg6WIL02krjcIsjei48LvMpJe

Happy revising 🙂

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A Complete Guide to Write an Analytical Essay in 6 Simple Steps

Table of Contents

What Is an Analytical Essay?

Purpose of an analytical essay, how to structure an analytical essay, how to write an analytical essay, example of an analytical essay.

• Get Our Expert’s Assistance for Your Write-up

Do you know how to write an analytical essay? Or what does it mean? Knowing about this write-up is crucial for you as a student. Analytical essays require meticulous research and analysis of the topic. It can be a challenging experience for a student. However, worry not, as you are on the right platform here you will find a comprehensive guide to writing an analytical essay. So, let us start understanding its meaning by reading the following section.

There is no specific analytical essay definition, it is one of the seven types of essays in which you must write about a topic and conduct a deep analysis. In these write-ups, you have to explore a topic that can be challenging. So, you can also narrow down your subject into tiny bits to make your research convenient. Such essays often deal with creative writing like, arts, literature, film, global trends and more. To make your research process easy, you can take help of newspapers or internet sites. It can also help you to collect evidence for the essay.

Now, you must have understood the meaning of analytical essays. However, for deep understanding, you should also know what is the purpose of an analytical essay. So, read the next section to gain knowledge about it.

Analytical essays are based on in-depth research and analysis. This write-up aims at presenting a clear argument about the subject through evidence. Their purpose is to promote critical thinking and self-belief in a student. You learn about different viewpoints, when you begin your research for this analysis essay.Therefore, they induce critical thinking and compel the student to consider diverse perspectives to conclude.They can be challenging sometimes, but they genuinely improve your skills. It also encourages healthy discussion in the classroom by promoting effective learning.

So, now you must understand the purpose that analytical essays serve. Now, read the next section to know how you can structure your essay. Also, read our other blog on how to write a comparative essay .

Do you know how to structure an analytical essay? No? Then, read the following pointers and clear your doubts about the steps to writing an analytical essay.

Introduction

It is very crucial to know how to write an analytical essay introduction. In this initial part, you should introduce the reader to the subject of your write-up. You can frame some catchy sentences, or you can also put up a question to hook the attention of the reader. In this step, you can also mention some background information to make it more informative. However, remember that the introduction part is always the most significant section that makes the first impression of your essay, so write it accordingly.

The next major part of this analytical paper is the main body of the essay, where you showcase your analysis and research. In this step, you can divide the entire part into small paragraphs and separate the data accordingly. You can create an outline to understand how you will divide information into different paragraphs. In addition, you also have to remember that you relate your content with the thesis statement, and it does not contradict it.

Do you know how to write a conclusion in an analytical essay? It is the final part, where you have to summarize everything you have written in your essay. In this, you restate the main topic and give a brief about it. You can write it in a way that your readers are satisfied enough and do not have any doubts. However, remember that you do not introduce anything new in it, as it will only lead to confusion and vagueness for readers.

So, that was it with the structure part you must have understood all about analytical essay structure. Now, for the next section, you will find six tips for writing an effective analytical essay.

Do you want to know the secret of how you can write an effective essay? If yes, Read the following pointers to know how to start an analytical essay and write it in a way that shine.

Frame Catchy Title

First and foremost, frame a catchy title to make the first impression on your professors. For that purpose, you can choose something attractive that hooks the attention. You can start with a question for that remember that your purpose is to compel the readers to read the whole write-up. In addition, you should know how to write a thesis for an analytical essay, as it is also a part of the introduction only.

Do Proper Research

The next step is to carry out proper research about the subject. As you know, research is the foremost thing in an analytical essay. You should gather every detail about the topic, try to find the material from your college library, or ask your teachers and professors for materials. Use all such resources and do your research. Remember that it can also help you with analytical essay topics.

Create an Outline

The next step after gathering the information is to make an analytical essay outline. It is a significant step where you plan your whole document. In this part, you have to plan how you will divide your information in the main body of your essay. It is a crucial step that many students miss, and it leads their documents to look unstructured and baseless. Therefore, never miss this step if you want to get an A+ in your essay.

Create First Draft

Now, when you have everything planned, you can create your first draft. You can now actually start your writing part. In this part, you have to frame the introduction as well, and for that, you can take the help of an analytical essay introduction example. Begin with writing a rough draft so you do not make any mistakes in the final one. However, remember to use formal language in your write-up for better results.

Review First Draft

After you have completed writing the first draft, it is now time for you to review it. It is a crucial step as you can point out the mistakes that you might have made. Due to this step, writing the final draft becomes easy. You can take the help of your teachers to gather feedback, or you can also do it yourself. However, never miss this step because it can lead to blunders in your final draft.

Proofread the Essay

After you have completed your write-up, proofreading comes into play. Many of the students miss this step, and thus, they face rejection in their document submission. Proofreading saves you from any lingering errors you might have made while writing. In addition, it also helps you to point out any spelling or grammatical errors. Therefore, do not miss this step if you do not want your document rejected.

That was it, with this part, you might have got some insight into how the experts write their essays. Follow these steps and see the difference for yourself. Also, read our other blog on how to write a narrative essay . Now, for the next part, you will find some of the examples that could help you in proper understanding.

Struggling with writing an analytical essay? Go through the following analytical essay example to see how the experts draft their perfect document and frame the analytical essay format.

Topic: Is Artificial Intelligence a Blessing or Curse?

• Briefly describe artificial intelligence for better understanding.
• Thesis Statement: Artificial intelligence is a blessing in disguise for youth.

Body Paragraph 1

• AI has made life convenient for people by saving much of their time.
• It has improved access to education, healthcare, entertainment and more.

Body Paragraph 2

• AI is a blessing for the youth that can help them in their education.
• It has made it convenient for teachers and students to access the resources.

Remind the reader about the advantages of artificial intelligence.

Artificial intelligence is the main target of the people, but little do they know about its advantages and benefits like...

So, from the above example, you must have understood how you can write an analytical essay. Hence, go through the above example and frame your essay accordingly. However, you can also use essay typer tools or seek an expert's assistance for an effortless experience. Read the following section to know how you can make your task convenient.

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How to Write a Reaction Paper Nice and Easy

In the world of student home assignments there lives an interesting and creative project, a reaction essay, by name. It deals with the person's feedback on a movie, book, article, a piece of work, evoking thoughts and emotions. What is the essence of this paper? How to write a perfect one? Let's get acquainted with this issue.

At first, imagine the situation when you've just watched a deep philosophical movie or read an article that cut you to the very heart. You feel like thunderstruck. You need a little time to recollect your thoughts and understand what the creator wanted to say or show. And at that very moment your only desire is to share your opinion with a friend or colleague. The same condition the author of a reaction paper seems to experience.

What is a Reaction Paper?

A reaction paper (also known as a response paper) is a kind of writing to express a person's thoughts and emotions, awakened by some work of authorship. This piece of art or science may be presented in any format, the key point is that it makes you feel, think, and analyze.

With the help of this project, you may explore and revise your own experience and reaction to a story, interpret it, and share the topical insights with your readers. It has nothing in common with a pure summary. You are to understand the creator's idea, embody it into your implications, and present such a multi-layered issue to the audience.

Reaction Papers Format & Structure

Each academic project has a standard structure. Despite a bit lyrical nature, reaction papers require the same form.

A traditional response paper outline consists of:

• Introduction. The key element here is a hook, catching the reader's attention. You may use a joke, an outstanding fact, or statistics to achieve the aim. Besides, there should be briefly told about the author and the very story, and the ideas planned to be discussed.
• Thesis statement. The most important point of your narration is reflected here. It is an essential aspect, your paper is based on; your opinion, that will be unpacked in the body.
• Core (body paragraphs). This fragment is devoted to describing your reaction to the matter, explaining the thesis, giving topical quotations, and whatnot. You may add some relevant information about the story and the author here. Just remember that a central place should be taken with your thoughts, interpretation, and analysis.
• Conclusion. It is a short part to cap it all – to join the thesis and the author's ideas, and to make a bottom line in your interpretation. You may give thematic recommendations here, as well.
• Reference list. It is a catalog of quotations and sources that help to form your thoughts and ideas.

Using this structure you will be able to create an effective project. Just make a clear thesis and support it with text analysis and interpretation evidence. Try to find much sense between the lines. Do not retell the story but give your own vision of the problem and express your feelings in words.

How to Write a Reaction Paper to Books, Movies, etc.?

Whatever you have chosen for interpretation, the key aspects of writing a reaction paper will be similar. You are to ponder over the situation depicted, take into consideration various ideas and points of view, and look at the phenomenon from every angle. As a result, you will get your thoughts (feelings and attitudes) and the author's core message uniting in friendship.

Remember that you should not  

• accentuate the advantages or disadvantages of the article (movie, book, etc.); and
• give a pure retelling of the plot.

It is important just to share your reaction to the story and author's ideas in terms of your experience, skills, and range of interests. You should understand what he wanted to say and explain, and why he did it in this very way.

When writing a reaction paper, pay special attention to the following aspects:

• Content. Specify the subject of the work and explain the connection between the material and your opinion.
• Actuality. Accentuate the importance of your reactions for the community (a group of colleagues or society in general).
• Thesis. Your thesis statement is to be fresh and provocative to keep the readers interested and motivated. Share your key thoughts about why the work made you feel in a particular way.
• Details. Let all your ideas be supported by quotations or related issues from similar projects.

Tips to Create a Perfect Reaction Paper

Preparing an effective paper needs time and effort, as well. However, the process goes quickly if you know how to start a response essay and how to work with your thoughts.

• Begin creating an issue long before the deadline. It is advisable to look through the original material several times (reread the article or rewatch the movie twice or thrice, at least).
• Take important notes (concerning emotions, exciting moments, and whatnot) and make timing markers if needed. Later it will be easier to come over necessary matters.
• Write an outline and then a draft. It helps in polishing your text and fitting the word count.
• Analyze the author's point of view and compare it with your own. Give just your reaction to the issue, not a summary of the plot.
• Proofread your writing and ask anyone in the loop for feedback.

As a Conclusion

We hope this article helped you realize a reaction paper format and key aspects, obligatory to include in your project. For the finale, there are a few worthy phrases to express your point of view:

• I think/suppose/believe that
• In my opinion
• In contrast
• On the one hand… On the other hand…
• As an illustration/example

And if you need a fool textual example of a response paper, visit Aithor generator to get some inspiration and support.

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• How to write an argumentative essay | Examples & tips

How to Write an Argumentative Essay | Examples & Tips

Published on July 24, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

An argumentative essay expresses an extended argument for a particular thesis statement . The author takes a clearly defined stance on their subject and builds up an evidence-based case for it.

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Table of contents

When do you write an argumentative essay, approaches to argumentative essays, introducing your argument, the body: developing your argument, concluding your argument, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about argumentative essays.

You might be assigned an argumentative essay as a writing exercise in high school or in a composition class. The prompt will often ask you to argue for one of two positions, and may include terms like “argue” or “argument.” It will frequently take the form of a question.

The prompt may also be more open-ended in terms of the possible arguments you could make.

Argumentative writing at college level

At university, the vast majority of essays or papers you write will involve some form of argumentation. For example, both rhetorical analysis and literary analysis essays involve making arguments about texts.

In this context, you won’t necessarily be told to write an argumentative essay—but making an evidence-based argument is an essential goal of most academic writing, and this should be your default approach unless you’re told otherwise.

Examples of argumentative essay prompts

At a university level, all the prompts below imply an argumentative essay as the appropriate response.

Your research should lead you to develop a specific position on the topic. The essay then argues for that position and aims to convince the reader by presenting your evidence, evaluation and analysis.

• Don’t just list all the effects you can think of.
• Do develop a focused argument about the overall effect and why it matters, backed up by evidence from sources.
• Don’t just provide a selection of data on the measures’ effectiveness.
• Do build up your own argument about which kinds of measures have been most or least effective, and why.
• Don’t just analyze a random selection of doppelgänger characters.
• Do form an argument about specific texts, comparing and contrasting how they express their thematic concerns through doppelgänger characters.

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An argumentative essay should be objective in its approach; your arguments should rely on logic and evidence, not on exaggeration or appeals to emotion.

There are many possible approaches to argumentative essays, but there are two common models that can help you start outlining your arguments: The Toulmin model and the Rogerian model.

Toulmin arguments

The Toulmin model consists of four steps, which may be repeated as many times as necessary for the argument:

• Make a claim
• Provide the grounds (evidence) for the claim
• Explain the warrant (how the grounds support the claim)
• Discuss possible rebuttals to the claim, identifying the limits of the argument and showing that you have considered alternative perspectives

The Toulmin model is a common approach in academic essays. You don’t have to use these specific terms (grounds, warrants, rebuttals), but establishing a clear connection between your claims and the evidence supporting them is crucial in an argumentative essay.

Say you’re making an argument about the effectiveness of workplace anti-discrimination measures. You might:

• Claim that unconscious bias training does not have the desired results, and resources would be better spent on other approaches
• Cite data to support your claim
• Explain how the data indicates that the method is ineffective
• Anticipate objections to your claim based on other data, indicating whether these objections are valid, and if not, why not.

Rogerian arguments

The Rogerian model also consists of four steps you might repeat throughout your essay:

• Discuss what the opposing position gets right and why people might hold this position
• Highlight the problems with this position
• Present your own position , showing how it addresses these problems
• Suggest a possible compromise —what elements of your position would proponents of the opposing position benefit from adopting?

This model builds up a clear picture of both sides of an argument and seeks a compromise. It is particularly useful when people tend to disagree strongly on the issue discussed, allowing you to approach opposing arguments in good faith.

Say you want to argue that the internet has had a positive impact on education. You might:

• Acknowledge that students rely too much on websites like Wikipedia
• Argue that teachers view Wikipedia as more unreliable than it really is
• Suggest that Wikipedia’s system of citations can actually teach students about referencing
• Suggest critical engagement with Wikipedia as a possible assignment for teachers who are skeptical of its usefulness.

You don’t necessarily have to pick one of these models—you may even use elements of both in different parts of your essay—but it’s worth considering them if you struggle to structure your arguments.

Regardless of which approach you take, your essay should always be structured using an introduction , a body , and a conclusion .

Like other academic essays, an argumentative essay begins with an introduction . The introduction serves to capture the reader’s interest, provide background information, present your thesis statement , and (in longer essays) to summarize the structure of the body.

Hover over different parts of the example below to see how a typical introduction works.

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts is on the rise, and its role in learning is hotly debated. For many teachers who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its critical benefits for students and educators—as a uniquely comprehensive and accessible information source; a means of exposure to and engagement with different perspectives; and a highly flexible learning environment.

The body of an argumentative essay is where you develop your arguments in detail. Here you’ll present evidence, analysis, and reasoning to convince the reader that your thesis statement is true.

In the standard five-paragraph format for short essays, the body takes up three of your five paragraphs. In longer essays, it will be more paragraphs, and might be divided into sections with headings.

Each paragraph covers its own topic, introduced with a topic sentence . Each of these topics must contribute to your overall argument; don’t include irrelevant information.

This example paragraph takes a Rogerian approach: It first acknowledges the merits of the opposing position and then highlights problems with that position.

Hover over different parts of the example to see how a body paragraph is constructed.

A common frustration for teachers is students’ use of Wikipedia as a source in their writing. Its prevalence among students is not exaggerated; a survey found that the vast majority of the students surveyed used Wikipedia (Head & Eisenberg, 2010). An article in The Guardian stresses a common objection to its use: “a reliance on Wikipedia can discourage students from engaging with genuine academic writing” (Coomer, 2013). Teachers are clearly not mistaken in viewing Wikipedia usage as ubiquitous among their students; but the claim that it discourages engagement with academic sources requires further investigation. This point is treated as self-evident by many teachers, but Wikipedia itself explicitly encourages students to look into other sources. Its articles often provide references to academic publications and include warning notes where citations are missing; the site’s own guidelines for research make clear that it should be used as a starting point, emphasizing that users should always “read the references and check whether they really do support what the article says” (“Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia,” 2020). Indeed, for many students, Wikipedia is their first encounter with the concepts of citation and referencing. The use of Wikipedia therefore has a positive side that merits deeper consideration than it often receives.

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An argumentative essay ends with a conclusion that summarizes and reflects on the arguments made in the body.

No new arguments or evidence appear here, but in longer essays you may discuss the strengths and weaknesses of your argument and suggest topics for future research. In all conclusions, you should stress the relevance and importance of your argument.

Hover over the following example to see the typical elements of a conclusion.

The internet has had a major positive impact on the world of education; occasional pitfalls aside, its value is evident in numerous applications. The future of teaching lies in the possibilities the internet opens up for communication, research, and interactivity. As the popularity of distance learning shows, students value the flexibility and accessibility offered by digital education, and educators should fully embrace these advantages. The internet’s dangers, real and imaginary, have been documented exhaustively by skeptics, but the internet is here to stay; it is time to focus seriously on its potential for good.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
• Post hoc fallacy
• Appeal to authority fallacy
• False cause fallacy
• Sunk cost fallacy

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An argumentative essay tends to be a longer essay involving independent research, and aims to make an original argument about a topic. Its thesis statement makes a contentious claim that must be supported in an objective, evidence-based way.

An expository essay also aims to be objective, but it doesn’t have to make an original argument. Rather, it aims to explain something (e.g., a process or idea) in a clear, concise way. Expository essays are often shorter assignments and rely less on research.

At college level, you must properly cite your sources in all essays , research papers , and other academic texts (except exams and in-class exercises).

Add a citation whenever you quote , paraphrase , or summarize information or ideas from a source. You should also give full source details in a bibliography or reference list at the end of your text.

The exact format of your citations depends on which citation style you are instructed to use. The most common styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago .

The majority of the essays written at university are some sort of argumentative essay . Unless otherwise specified, you can assume that the goal of any essay you’re asked to write is argumentative: To convince the reader of your position using evidence and reasoning.

In composition classes you might be given assignments that specifically test your ability to write an argumentative essay. Look out for prompts including instructions like “argue,” “assess,” or “discuss” to see if this is the goal.

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