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Update WAEC Geography OBJ, Essay & Practical Answers 2024

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Geography Paper 3 WASSCE (SC), 2019

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Study the map extract provided on a scale of 1: 50,000 and answer the question that follow. (a) On the graph paper provided, draw an annotated cross section from the road junction at AFIENYA to the road junction at Dawhenya (Darwenya). (b) In this answer booklet, describe: (i) three relief characteristics of the mapped area; (ii) three drainage characteristics of the mapped area. (c) With evidence from the map, identify two functions of Doryum settlement.

Observation

This was a compulsory question attempted by virtually all candidates and their performance in the question was below average. Many candidates could not draw the cross section, their choice and application of vertical scale was poor in the (a) part of the question and only few could identify the functions of the settlement with evidence. A remedy to this inability could be provided by constant practice on the identification of relief features on such maps. Candidates were expected to answer thus:

(b)(i) Relief characteristics of the mapped area -the area is generally lowland -the south- eastern half is generally less than 200ft -there is a ridge to the north-west -the ridge rises from 250ft to about 800ft -the ridge has steep slopes -the ridge is dissected -knolls are found in the central and north-western part of the mapped area -the lowest part of the mapped area is less than 250ft. (ii) Drainage characteristics of the mapped area -river Dekyidor in the south-west has been dammed to form a lake -river Dawhe (Dorwe) has its banks liable to flood -presence of artificial lakes -the drainage pattern is dendritic -the rivers flow in wide valleys -the ridge serves as water shed (c) Functions of Doryumu settlement -commercial function due to the presence of market -educational function due to the presence of school -Security function due to the presence of police station -religious function due to the presence of church -transportation function due to convergence of roads

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WAEC Geography Past Questions (Free Download)

Here is collection of Geography past examination questions to assist you with your studies for the West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) for both School and GCE candidates.

If you are in your last stage of Secondary School Education (May/June) or not in the School system (GCE), the importance of using old exam papers in preparing for your West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE), cannot be over emphasized. By using past exam papers as part of your preparation, you can find out what you already know. By the same token you also find out what you do not know well enough or don’t know at all.

What is more, the  WAEC past questions for Geography can also be used as an organizational tool to manage your time better, as you can plan according to each section of the paper.

As a matter of fact, revision is more better than memorizing facts and going over notes. You can practice for your  Geography WAEC  Exam  by answering real questions from past papers. This will give you a better chance of passing.

WAEC Past Questions for Geography  

Click on the year you want to start your revision.

• Geography Paper 2 (Objective Test and Essay) – June 2023
• Geography Paper 1 (Objective Test and Essay) – June 2022
• Geography Paper 2 (Objective Test and Essay) – June 2021
• Geography Paper 1 (Objective Test and Essay) – June 2020
• Geography Paper 1(Objective Test and Essay) – June 2019
• Geography Paper 2 (Objective Test and Essay) – June 2018
• Geography Paper 1 (Objective Test and Essay) – June 2017

Do you have any other past question(s) other than the ones listed here? If yes, don’t hesitate to share them with others by sending it to  [email protected] .

You have to keep trying more than one exam to increase your success in the forthcoming WAEC Exam.

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WASSCE / WAEC Geography Past Questions

Welcome to our Geography WASSCE / WAEC past questions page.

Larnedu has the largest WASSCE past questions collection on the web and this is not an exaggeration.

We’re not perfect but we have been working towards improving every day and achieving our  mission , which includes helping every student that accesses our learning resources and is ready to work hard, excel academically.

All the WAEC Geography past questions on this page have been 100% free since day one and would likely remain so in the foreseeable future.

We actually spend our financial resources to have some of our WASSCE past questions sent to us, so please:

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Remember, we started this page to help students who don’t have the budget for hardcopy WASSCE Geography past question papers or who want easy access to the past question papers on their mobile devices or computers.

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The West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) is a type of standardized test taken in West Africa, mostly by students who wish to proceed to the higher institution. It is administered by the West African Examination Council (WAEC).

It is only offered to candidates residing in Anglophone West African countries namely: Ghana, Gambia, Nigeria, Liberia and Sierra Leone and is written 2 times a year ( May/June and Nov/Dec) .

The WASSCE tests candidates according to the topics on the  WAEC syllabus .

The contents in each WASSCE Geography question paper (for a specific year) is usually similar from one country to another. Questions on the WASSCE Geography theory section may be specified to be answered by candidates from a particular country and this happens mostly in the theory section.

A WASSCE question paper on a particular subject may be entirely cancelled and changed in a region when the West African Examination Council (WAEC) heading that region suspects a leakage of examination papers before the start of the exam.

Benefits of regular WAEC past questions practice

Speed: Regular practice of our WASSCE Geography past questions makes you faster on the exam day. It’s no secret that questions on the WASSCE for each particular subject are usually similar to questions in previous years since they’re from the same WAEC syllabus . WAEC also sometimes repeats questions word-for-word.

Exposure: Regular practice exposes you to your weaknesses and gives you a chance to better yourself before the exam.

Decreases chances of anxiety: Regular and efficient practice improves your confidence before the exam.

These and many more are some of the beautiful benefits of practising WASSCE Geography past questions.

So it’s important you make it a habit to regularly practice with the past question papers. There’s no doubt that this would help you achieve the grades you desire on the WASSCE on the long run.

Don’t just focus only on the WAEC past questions we provide on this page. We also have other WASSCE related resources that will be of great help to you.

Below this section are the Geography WASSCE / WAEC past questions we have for now. Feel free to use them in accordance to the rules stated on this page and our Terms of Service .

  Download (pdf) or view WASSCE| / WAEC Geography past questions online

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update pupils on WASSCE questions pass paper and make a scheme for each please

We’re working on adding more WASSCE past questions for various subjects soon. Apologies for any inconvenience caused. Best wishes.

I would be glad if we can have access to geography questions from 2015 to 2019

We’re working on adding more WASSCE past questions for various subjects soon. This not as easy but is part of our mission. Sorry for any inconvenience caused. Cheers.

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MySchoolGist » Past Questions » WAEC Geography Past Questions | FREE DOWNLOAD

WAEC Geography Past Questions | FREE DOWNLOAD

WAEC Geography Questions – Free WASSCE past questions for Geography.

Here is collection of Geography past examination questions to assist you with your studies for the West African Senior School Certificate Examination ( WASSCE ) for both School and GCE candidates.

If you are in your last stage of Secondary School Education (May/June) or not in the School system (GCE), the importance of using old exam papers in preparing for your West African Senior School Certificate Examination ( WASSCE ), cannot be over emphasised. By using past exam papers as part of your preparation, you can find out what you already know. By the same token you also find out what you do not know well enough or don’t know at all.

See: WAEC Timetable for May/June Candidates and WAEC Timetable for GCE Candidates .

What is more, the WAEC past questions for Geography can also be used as an organisational tool to manage your time better, as you can plan according to each section of the paper.

As a matter of fact, revision is more better than memorising facts and going over notes. You can practise for your Geography WAEC Exam by answering real questions from past papers. This will give you a better chance of passing.

WAEC Past Questions for Geography

Click on the year you want to start your revision.

• Geography Paper 1 (Objective and Essay) – November 1999
• Geography Paper 2 – November 1999
• Geography Paper 1 (Objective and Essay) – June 2000
• Geography Paper 1 (Objective and Essay) – November 2011

Do you have any other past question(s) other than the ones listed here? If yes, don’t hesitate to share them with others by sending it to  [email protected] .

You have to keep trying more than one exam to increase your success in the forthcoming WAEC Exam.

Recommended:

• WAEC Syllabus For Geography .
• WAEC Sample Questions and Scheme For Geography .
• WAEC Past Questions and Answers For Other Subjects .

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WAEC Geography Questions and Answers 2024 Objective and Essay

WAEC Geography Questions | For those seeking the WAEC Geography 2024 exam answers, your search ends here. Our team has meticulously compiled the questions and accurate answers for both the objective and theory sections of the exam.

WAEC Geography Questions and Answers 2024: Have you been all over the internet for the WASSCE Geography questions and answers for 2024? Look no further.

We’re ready with the 2024 WAEC Geography questions, and our expert team will soon upload the questions along with their precise answers to aid you in acing the 2024 WAEC Geography examination.

Stay tuned as we’ll be uploading the 2024 WAEC Geography theory questions and objectives shortly. Whether you’re seeking the WAEC Geography answers for 2024’s objective or theory sections, you’re in the right place. Find the WAEC Geography objective and essay questions and answers below.

WAEC Geography Answers 2024 Objective and Theory

The West Africa Examinations Council (WAEC) administers the Senior Secondary Certificate Examination and the General Certificate in Education in Nigeria during May/June and November/December respectively.

The 2024 WAEC Geography questions are sourced from the SS1 to SS3 Geography syllabus. Thus, all questions in this year’s examination are syllabus-based, with nearly 90% being repetitions.

No need to fret over obtaining the 2024 WAEC Geography questions and answers PDF (essay and objective). The WAEC Geography answers for 2024 will be available shortly. Simply refresh this page to stay updated and avoid missing out.

Refresh this page periodically as we’ll soon upload the authentic WAEC Geography questions and answers for this year’s exams. Additionally, you can access past questions and answers by clicking this link: WAEC Geography Past Questions

Should you have any inquiries regarding the 2024 WAEC Geography questions and answers, feel free to utilize the comment box below or click the Chat With Us button, and we’ll promptly respond.

Stay tuned as we’re gearing up to post the 2024 WAEC Geography answers here. Keep checking back and refreshing this page for the correct answers. The WAEC 2024 Geography answers are on their way.

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Past Questions & Answer

2023 WAEC Geography Essay Questions and Solutions

SOLUTIONS 👇👇👇

(1a) [PICK ANY FIVE] (i) Lack of access to finance: Many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries struggle to access finance due to limited financial infrastructure, restrictive lending policies, and high-interest rates.

(ii) Poor infrastructure: Developing countries often lack adequate infrastructure, such as reliable power, transportation, and communication systems, which can hinder the growth of industries.

(iii) Limited access to technology: Many developing countries have limited access to technology and knowledge, which can make it difficult for industries to adopt more advanced production methods and improve efficiency.

(iv) Inadequate policy and legal frameworks: Developing countries often lack policies and legal frameworks that support the growth of industries and protect businesses from external factors such as corruption and unfair competition.

(v) Limited human resources: Developing countries often face a shortage of skilled and educated workers, which can limit the growth and productivity of industrial sectors.

(iv) Political instability: Ongoing political conflict, social unrest, and unstable governance can create uncertainty and discourage foreign investment, which can hinder the growth of industrial sectors.

(1b) [PICK ANY FIVE] (i) Access to finance: Improved access to finance through microfinance institutions, government loan programs, and foreign investment can provide capital for industries to expand and invest in new technologies and equipment.

(ii) Infrastructure development: Investment in infrastructure such as transportation networks, power generation, and communication systems can provide the necessary foundations for industrial growth.

(iii) Technology transfer: International partnerships and knowledge-sharing programs can facilitate the transfer of technology and expertise to support local industries.

(iv) Favorable policy and legal frameworks: The development of favorable policies and legal frameworks that promote competition, provide incentives for investment, and protect businesses can create an enabling environment for industrial growth.

(v) Education and training: Investment in education and training programs can improve human capital and develop a skilled workforce that supports the growth and productivity of industrial sectors.

(vi) Political stability and security: Improved political stability and security can reduce uncertainty and create a favorable climate for foreign investment and industrial growth.

(2a) [PICK ANY FIVE] (i) Sparse population density: rural areas in tropical Africa typically have a low population density compared to urban areas. (ii) Agriculture-based economy: most rural settlements in tropical Africa are engaged in agricultural activities such as crop cultivation and livestock farming. (iii) Subsistence farming: rural communities in tropical Africa typically engage in subsistence farming, where they produce only enough food to meet their daily needs. (iv) Traditional housing: rural dwellings in tropical Africa are typically made from locally sourced materials such as mud, thatch, and wood. (v) Limited access to modern amenities: rural areas often lack access to modern amenities such as clean water, electricity, and healthcare facilities. (vi) Strong communal bonds: rural communities in tropical Africa tend to have strong communal bonds with shared goals and values.

(2b) [PICK ANY FIVE] (i) Marketing and distribution of agricultural products from rural areas to urban areas (ii) Provision of services such as healthcare, education, and financial services by urban centers (iii) Supply of manufactured goods and consumer products to rural areas (iv) Migration from rural areas to urban centers in search of better economic opportunities and education (v) Investment by urban businesses in rural areas, particularly in agriculture (vi) Policy decisions made by urban governments that affect rural areas, such as land use policies and infrastructure development.

(3a) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Efficient Movement of Goods: Rail transportation allows for the efficient movement of goods across long distances. It can accommodate large quantities of cargo, making it an ideal mode of transport for industries such as agriculture, mining, and manufacturing in tropical Africa. This efficiency helps stimulate trade and economic growth.

(ii) Reduced Congestion: Compared to road transportation, rail systems help alleviate congestion on major highways. By diverting a significant portion of freight traffic to rail, the congestion on roads is reduced, resulting in smoother traffic flow, decreased travel times, and improved road safety.

(iii) Lower Environmental Impact: Rail transportation is more environmentally friendly compared to road transport. Trains emit less carbon dioxide per ton of freight compared to trucks, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. This advantage is crucial for tropical Africa’s sustainability efforts and can contribute to mitigating climate change impacts.

(iv) Enhanced Connectivity: Rail networks provide enhanced connectivity by linking remote areas and cities, facilitating economic integration and regional development. They enable access to markets, resources, and employment opportunities, boosting trade, tourism, and economic activities across tropical Africa.

(v) Increased Accessibility: Rail systems provide reliable and accessible transportation for both passengers and goods. They offer a cost-effective means of travel, making it easier for people to commute between cities and towns, visit tourist destinations, and access essential services such as healthcare and education. This accessibility helps bridge the gap between rural and urban areas.

(vi) Job Creation: Developing rail infrastructure in tropical Africa generates employment opportunities in various sectors. From construction and maintenance to operation and management, rail projects create jobs for engineers, technicians, drivers, station staff, and support personnel. This job creation contributes to economic development and poverty reduction.

(vii) Long-term Cost Savings: While initial investments in rail infrastructure may be significant, in the long run, rail transport can be cost-effective. Railways have lower operating costs compared to road transport due to lower fuel consumption, reduced vehicle maintenance, and decreased road damage. These cost savings can be beneficial for both businesses and governments.

(3b) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Insufficient Infrastructure: Many countries in tropical Africa have outdated and inadequate rail infrastructure. The existing rail networks often suffer from poor maintenance, outdated technology, and insufficient capacity. This results in slower speeds, frequent breakdowns, and limited connectivity, hindering the smooth movement of goods and passengers.

(ii) Funding Constraints: Lack of adequate funding is a major challenge for rail projects in tropical Africa. Limited financial resources lead to delays in infrastructure upgrades, repairs, and expansion, hampering the overall efficiency of rail transportation.

(iii) Inadequate Maintenance: Due to financial constraints and lack of technical expertise, rail infrastructure in tropical Africa often suffers from inadequate maintenance. This results in deteriorating tracks, bridges, and signaling systems, leading to frequent disruptions, delays, and safety concerns.

(iv) Lack of Interconnectivity: Many rail networks in tropical Africa suffer from a lack of interconnectivity, limiting their reach and effectiveness. Incomplete or fragmented rail systems make it challenging to transport goods seamlessly across different regions, hindering economic integration and trade.

(v) Inefficient Operations: Inefficient operations and management practices contribute to the problems facing rail transportation in tropical Africa. Factors such as outdated technology, inadequate training of staff, and suboptimal scheduling and coordination lead to delays, inefficiencies, and reduced service quality.

(vi) Insecurity: Rail transportation in tropical Africa often faces security challenges such as vandalism, theft, and sabotage. These incidents not only disrupt operations but also pose risks to the safety of passengers and cargo.

(3c) (PICK ANY THREE, MAKE SURE IT IS SAME WITH WHAT YOU PICKED IN 3b) (i) Insufficient Infrastructure: Increased investment in rail infrastructure by seeking partnerships with international organizations, private sector entities, and foreign investors can provide the necessary funding for infrastructure upgrades, expansion, and modernization, thereby improving the capacity and quality of rail networks. (ii) Funding Constraints: Governments can offer incentives and create a conducive business environment to encourage private sector participation. (iii) Inadequate Maintenance: Government should establish a dedicated maintenance fund for rail infrastructure, ensuring a regular and sufficient budget allocation for maintenance activities and also train and employ skilled maintenance personnel. (iv) Lack of Interconnectivity: Improved coordination and planning are required to enhance interconnectivity between different rail lines and modes of transport. (v) Inefficient Operations: Implementing modern management practices, training programs, and technological upgrades can address these issues. (vi) Insecurity: Strengthening security measures, implementing surveillance systems, and increasing law enforcement presence can help mitigate these risks.

(4a) Internal trade refers to the buying and selling of goods and services within the geographical boundaries of a country. It involves the exchange of goods and services between different regions, states or cities within the country.

(4b) [PICK ANY FIVE] (i) Poor infrastructure: Nigeria’s poor road network, insufficient transport systems, and inadequate storage facilities make it difficult to move goods from one location to another, resulting in delays, high transportation costs, and damage to goods.

(ii) Regulatory challenges: The lack of a transparent and consistent regulatory framework for internal trade in Nigeria has led to a proliferation of informal markets and smuggling. This results in unfair competition for formal businesses, loss of government revenue, and reduced consumer protection.

(iii) Multiple taxation: The multiplicity of taxes imposed on traders, including local government levies, state taxes, and federal duties, makes trading in Nigeria very expensive, reducing profitability for traders.

(iv) Inadequate access to credit: Many traders in Nigeria do not have access to affordable credit, making it difficult for them to expand their businesses, meet their financial obligations, and access new markets.

(v) Corruption: Bribery and extortion of traders by government officials, security forces, and market leaders have been a persistent problem in Nigeria, discouraging many from engaging in formal internal trade.

(vi) Insecurity: Insurgency, banditry, and other forms of violence in different parts of Nigeria have adversely affected internal trade, discouraging traders from entering certain regions, causing loss of life and property, and disrupting supply chains.

(4c) (i) Economic growth: Internal trade drives economic growth by promoting the exchange of goods and services between regions, stimulating competition, encouraging innovation, and creating jobs.

(ii) Poverty reduction: Internal trade provides income and employment opportunities for many Nigerians, particularly those in the informal sector, helping to reduce poverty in the country.

(iii) Regional integration: Internal trade promotes regional integration by encouraging the exchange of goods and services between different regions, enhancing economic cooperation and social cohesion.

(iv) Enhanced food security: Internal trade promotes access to food in different regions, ensuring that people have enough food to eat, no matter where they live. This is particularly important in times of food shortages or when certain foods are unavailable in a particular region.

GEOGRAPHY OBJ 2023 01-10: DBCDACAACB 11-20: DDCABADAAC 21-30: ABBCACDDDD 31-40: DABDDDADDC 41-50: DABCBDDBCC

GEOGRAPHY PRACTICAL

GEOGRAPHY PRACTICAL SOLUTION

(4ai) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Rugged topography (ii) Absence of surface drainage (iii) Depression of varying sizes an d depths (iv) Cliffs (v) Karst springs (vi) Tower karsts (vii) Limestone pavements

(4aii) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Cave systems (ii) Underground Lakes and Springs (iii) Sinkholes (iv) Stalactites and stalagmites (v) Tunnel systems (vi) Underground waterfalls

(4b) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Rich in Mineral Resources: Limestone regions are often abundant in mineral resources. Limestone itself is a valuable rock used in construction, agriculture, and industry. Limestone regions may contain deposits of other minerals such as coal, iron, zinc, and phosphates, which contribute to economic development.

(ii) Fertile Soil: Limestone weathering over time produces fertile soil with high calcium carbonate content. This type of soil is ideal for agriculture, as it provides essential nutrients and helps maintain soil pH levels. Limestone regions often support productive farmland and vibrant ecosystems.

(iii) Water Storage and Supply: Limestone is highly permeable, allowing water to pass through and form underground aquifers. These aquifers act as natural reservoirs, storing water and ensuring a reliable water supply in limestone regions. The porous nature of limestone also facilitates groundwater recharge and reduces surface water runoff, contributing to sustainable water management.

(iv) Scientific exploration: Limestone regions are known for their unique karst landscapes, characterized by sinkholes, underground rivers, and caves. These features provide opportunities for scientific exploration and serves as natural habitats for specialized flora and fauna.

(v) Flood mitigation: Karst systems which is limestone regions are characterised by, can help regulate water flow and mitigate flooding by absorbing excess water during heavy rainfall.

(vi) Tourism and Recreation: Limestone regions often attract tourists due to their scenic beauty and unique geological formations. Caves, cliffs, and underground rivers offer opportunities for activities like cave exploration, rock climbing, hiking, and boating.

(vii) Employment opportunites: Tourism in limestone regions can stimulate local economies, create jobs, and foster environmental awareness and conservation efforts.

(viii) Building Material: Limestone has been used as a building material for centuries. Its durability, aesthetic appeal, and availability make it a preferred choice for constructing structures, monuments, and architectural landmarks. Limestone regions often have an abundant supply of this versatile rock, making it easily accessible for construction purposes.

(6a) Climate refers to the long-term average conditions of the atmosphere, including temperature, precipitation, wind, and humidity, in a specific region.

(6b) (i) Latitude: The location of a place in relation to the equator affects its climate. Areas closer to the equator receive more direct sunlight,which results in warmer temperatures and a higher amount of precipitation. Conversely, areas closer to the poles receive less direct sunlight and have colder temperatures and lower precipitation rates.

(ii) Altitude: The higher the altitude of a place, the colder the temperature tends to be. This is because the air pressure decreases with altitude, and as a result, the air expands and cools. Higher altitude areas may also experience more extreme weather conditions, such as frequent thunderstorms or heavy snowfalls.

(iii) Ocean currents: Ocean currents have a significant impact on climate. Warm ocean currents heat up the air above them, leading to warmer temperatures in coastal regions, while cold ocean currents have the opposite effect. The Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean, for example, helps to keep Western Europe warmer than other areas at the same latitude.

(iv) Topography: The shape and features of the land can affect climate. Mountain ranges can create rain shadows, with the side of the mountain facing prevailing winds receiving heavy precipitation, while the other side of the mountain is dry. Coastal areas are also influenced by the presence of mountains, with wind patterns and temperatures changing depending on their location in relation to nearby mountains.

(6c) [PICK ANY FOUR] (i) High Temperatures: The equatorial climate is characterized by high temperatures that remain almost thesame throughout the year, with an average temperature of around 27-28°C.

(ii) High Humidity: Due to the abundance of rainfall, equatorial regions experience high humidity levels that can be as high as 80-90%.

(iii) Abundance of Rainfall: Equatorial regions receive a lot of rainfall throughout the year, with an average annual precipitation of around 2000-4000 mm.

(iv) Limited Seasonal Variation: There is limited variation in seasons in equatorial regions. The regions experience two wet seasons and two dry seasons, with rainfall being spread out throughout the year.

(v) Dense Vegetation: Due to high temperatures and abundant rainfall, equatorial regions are characterized by dense vegetation such as tropical rainforests.

(vi) Biodiversity: Equatorial regions are known for their high levels of biodiversity, with a vast array of unique plant and animal species found in such regions.

(7a) (PICK ONE)

Weathering is defined as the gradual breaking down or disintegration of rocks by either physical (mechanical) or chemical process. It is a fundamental geologic process that plays a significant role in shaping the Earth’s landscape over long periods of time.

(7bi) Frost action: This occurs in polar and temperate regions of the world where rocks on high mountains with cracks or joints collect water or snow in them . When the temperature drops during the night or winter, the water in the cracks freezes and melts during the day or summer. Such repeated freezing and melting widen and deepen the cracks which eventually break-down the rock.

(7bii) Exfoliation: Exfoliation is a geological process that occurs as a result of mechanical weathering, which involves the physical breakdown of rocks into smaller fragments without changing their chemical composition. mechanism behind exfoliation involves the expansion and contraction of rocks in response to temperature changes.

(8a) Solar energy refers to the radiant energy emitted by the Sun, which can be harnesses and converted into useful forms of energy such as heat and electricity using photovoltaic cells or solar thermal collectors.

(8b) (i) Renewable and Sustainable: Solar energy is a clean and abundant source of energy that does not deplete natural resources and does not emit harmful pollutants into the environment. This makes it a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy source.

(ii) Cost-effective: Once installed, solar energy systems require very little maintenance or operating costs. As the cost of solar technology continues to decrease, it has become increasingly affordable for individuals and businesses to invest in solar energy systems.

(iii) Energy Independence: Solar energy provides a level of energy independence that is not possible with traditional fossil fuel-based energy sources. It allows individuals and communities to generate their own power and reduces their dependence on centralized power grids.

(8c) (i) Intermittent Energy Source: Solar energy is an intermittent energy source, meaning it is only available during daylight hours and may vary depending on weather conditions. Energy storage systems such as batteries or pumped hydro storage can be used to overcome this challenge and provide a continuous flow of energy.

(ii) High Initial Costs: Although solar energy is cost-effective in the long run, the initial investment required to install solar panels and other equipment can be high, which may deter some individuals or businesses from investing in solar energy systems.

(iii) Land Use and Environmental Impact: Solar energy systems require a significant amount of land to generate large amounts of electricity, which can potentially impact natural habitats and wildlife. Additionally, the production and disposal of solar panels and other equipment can have environmental impacts if not properly managed.

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Enugu govt frowns at attempt to scuttle WAEC exams

T he Enugu State Government has reiterated its displeasure over what it described as an attempt to scuttle the Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination in the state.

The government said the consequences of candidates of the state and the entire South East region not sitting for their General Mathematics papers were massive and held nothing but gloom for the future, contrary to what their forebears fought for.

The state made its stand known in a statement issued by the Commissioner for Information and Communication, Aka Eze Aka, on Wednesday, urging candidates and those involved in the conduct of the examination and other enterprises to go about their legitimate businesses, as the state had taken steps to ensure adequate security of lives and property.

This was also as the state’s Head of Service, Ken Ugwu, had earlier, in a circular dated Tuesday, May 28, 2024, clarified that there would be no public holiday on May 30, 2024, warning civil servants and political appointees that failure to report to work would attract severe sanctions.

The statement by the Commissioner for Information and Communication reads: “The Enugu State Government notes with deep concern the statement credited to the Indigenous People of Biafra (IBOB) directing the West African Examination Council (WAEC) to postpone the General Mathematics (Theory and Objectives) examinations scheduled for Thursday, May 30, 2024, which the IPOB had designated ‘Biafra Heroes Day.’

“We note with particular concern IPOB’s statement that ‘WAEC board should not endanger the lives of small children because that day is not safe for any individual in Biafra territory.’

“This is unacceptable to us, not only because of the well-known position of the Enugu State Government on illegal sit-at-home orders, which have dealt a great blow on the socio-economic life and fortunes of the South East region but also because of the far-reaching consequences of a whole generation of Enugu children failing to sit for a fundamental subject such as Mathematics in one year.

“Let no one make a mistake about it, Ndigbo excel on the wings of industry, education and human capital development. Therefore, any pronouncement or action that tends to deny our children their right to education, which is their ticket to the future, is offensive to our sensibilities and surely the sensibilities of our founding fathers and fallen heroes, who must be turning in their graves, wondering what could have happened to us as a people. Moreso, when many of the architects of such an unjust and evil agenda live in the comfort of civilised societies where they go to work and their children go to school every workday.

“The Enugu State Government recognises the sacrifices of our gallant forebears, who gave their all, including their lives, to defend the Igbo land. But we also recognise that they died that we may not just have life, but to have the best of it, which can only come from developing our human capital to be able to excel in all that we do as individuals and collectively as a people.

“The government will not sit by and watch the future of our children aborted by such ill-conceived pronouncement intended to keep them at home. WAEC, as the name implies, is a regional body organising SSCE, not just in Nigeria, but also across West Africa. The subregion will certainly not wait for us.

“The Enugu State Government, therefore, enjoins candidates sitting for the ongoing SSCE in Enugu State to feel free to go to their respective centres to sit for their papers on Thursday, May 30, 2024, without any fears, while the officials involved in the conduct of the examination should also go about their legitimate duties without apprehension.

“As underscored at the beginning of this administration, no one has the right to impose any illegal and involuntary restriction of movement or business activities on anybody within the territory of Enugu State. Such will be met with the full weight of the law.

“Consequently, the government has put the security agencies on red alert to ensure the security of lives and property and also deal, according to the laws of the land, with anyone or group bent on scuttling the SSCE scheduled for May 30, 2024, or causing a breach of peace and security of any type.”

Meanwhile, in a circular entitled “Clarification on Attendance to Duty on Thursday 30th May 2024” issued on Tuesday, the state’s Head of Service, Mr. Ugwu, said: “It has become expedient to clarify that the State Government has not declared Thursday, 30th May, 2024 as a public holiday or sit-at-home day contrary to misconceptions from some quarters.

“May I, therefore, remind our workers that failure to be in their duty posts on the above date will attract summary dismissal from Service in line with the enabling provisions of the Public Service Rules.

“It must be noted that such purported public holiday/sit-at-home will have far-reaching consequences on the academic pursuit of our children, who are taking part in the Senior Secondary School Certificate Examinations holding simultaneously across the nation, including the South Eastern region.

“Enugu State government strongly frowns at any calculated attempt to mortgage the future of our children and has, therefore, put in place necessary security arrangements to guarantee the safety and unrestricted movement of all citizens and residents within the State.

“All Permanent Secretaries, Directors of Administration, Heads of Departments, and agencies of Government are directed to take a roll call of all those who came to work and return the same to the Office of the Head of Service before 11 am on Thursday, 30th May 2024.

“To be forewarned is to be forearmed.”

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Geography 2018 WAEC Past Questions

What is the scale of the map given above?

• A. 1:50,000
• B. 1 : 100,000
• C. 1 : 150,000
• D. 1 : 200,000

On the map above, the highest contour is

Which area on the map given above can the trigonometrical station be found?

• A. North-east
• B. South-east
• C. North-west
• D. South-west

What is the approximate length of the railway line on the map above?

On the map above, R. Kafue takes its source from a

• D. conical hill
• Mathematics
• English Language
• Animal Husbandry
• Literature in English
• Accounts - Principles of Accounts
• Christian Religious Knowledge (CRK)
• Agricultural Science
• Islamic Religious Knowledge (IRK)
• Civic Education
• Further Mathematics
• Home Economics
• Book Keeping
• Data Processing
• Catering Craft Practice
• Computer Studies
• Physical Education
• Office Practice
• Technical Drawing
• Food and Nutrition
• Home Management