social media in disaster communication a case study of strategies barriers and ethical implications

• DOI: 10.1002/PA.1967
• Corpus ID: 197833732

Social media in disaster communication: A case study of strategies, barriers, and ethical implications

• A. Lovari , Shannon A. Bowen
• Published in Journal of Public Affairs 1 February 2020
• Sociology, Environmental Science

95 Citations

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Social media in disaster communication: A case study of strategies, barriers, and ethical implications

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Trust-building through Social Media Communications in Disaster Management

2015, Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web - WWW '15 Companion

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Judith A Newton

A lack of trust in the information exchanged via social media may significantly hinder decision-making by community members and emergency services during disasters. The need for timely information at such times, though, challenges traditional ways of establishing trust. This paper, building on a multi-year research project that combined social media data analysis and participant observation within an emergency management organisation and in-depth engagement with stakeholders across the sector, pinpoints and examines assumptions governing trust and trusting relationships in social media disaster management. It assesses three models for using social media in disaster management—information gathering, quasi-journalistic verification, and crowdsourcing—in relation to the guardianship of trust to highlight the verification process for content and source and to identify the role of power and responsibilities. The conclusions contain important implications for emergency management organisations seeking to enhance their mechanisms for incorporating user-generated information from social media sources in their disaster response efforts.

Journal of Public Affairs

Shannon A Bowen

Christine Hagar

This paper highlights one of the key concerns in the emerging area of crisis informatics: issues of trusted information in crises/disasters and how the unregulated nature of social media affects information creation and dissemination. Deciding which information providers to trust and what sources of information to trust in crises is critical as acting upon trusted information can shape and influence the nature of the crisis. Social media is a powerful tool for sharing information during crises and can be used to improve emergency management capabilities, however, it has the power to misinform and to hinder response efforts. About Author Dr. Christine Hagar is an Assistant Professor at San Jose State University, School of Library and Information Science. Dr. Hagar holds a PhD in Library and Information Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. This invited contribution is available in School of Information Student Research Journal: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/isc...

International Handbook of Disaster Research

Jyotirmayee Tudu

Marlo Goldstein Hode

[email protected] Manso , Barbara Guerra , Richard Hayes , Dave Fortune

… Journal of Information Systems for Crisis …

Gideon For-mukwai

Apoorva Chauhan

This exploratory study examines how fire and police departments used online media during the 2012 Hurricane Sandy and how these media can be used to affect trust with members of the public during such an event. Using trust theory, we describe how online communications provide a means for emergency responders to appear trustworthy through online acts of ability, integrity, and benevolence. We conclude with implications and recommendations for emergency response practice and a trajectory of future work.

Leysia Palen

Prananda Navitas

This thesis investigates information channels the public trust and use for emergency information across different hazards and threats. Data analysis involved the use of the Friedman Test for ranked data, followed by pairwise comparisons with a Bonferonni correction applied to reveal levels of trust in different information sources. Research findings highlight the importance of emergency authorities maintaining their presence in a diverse range of media. The analysis also suggests that people interact with multiple sources of information in everyday situations and when they are under time pressure and facing uncertainty.

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Chapter 12: digital naturals and the effects of social media on disaster communication.

• W. Timothy Coombs

W. Timothy Coombs is a Professor in the Department of Communication at Texas A&M University.

Search for more papers by this author

The southern California wildfires of 2007, the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, Hurricane Sandy in 2013, the Boston bombings in 2013 and the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan are all examples of disasters that are linked to social media. The five examples all caused people to re-think the way social media is used during a disaster. More precisely, each of these disasters provided evidence to government officials, non-government agencies (NGOs) and researchers about the benefits social media channels can provide during a disaster communication. The re-thinking included how people in disaster use social media and how disaster responders (government officials and NGOs) might use social media to enhance disaster communication and improve disaster management as a whole. This chapter identifies key ways that those responding to disasters and those affected by disasters can utilise social media to maximise the benefits it offers for disaster communication. To develop these points in detail, it is first instructive to examine the new digital context for disaster communication. After exploring this new context, the lessons learned by responders and researchers are presented along with the lingering concerns both have with using social media as part of disaster communication.

• Local governments' communication through Facebook. Evidences from COVID ‐19 pandemic in Italy Elisa Mori, Barbara Barabaschi, Franca Cantoni and Roberta Virtuani 25 November 2020 | Journal of Public Affairs, Vol. 21, No. 4
• Social media in disaster communication: A case study of strategies, barriers, and ethical implications Alessandro Lovari and Shannon A. Bowen 13 June 2019 | Journal of Public Affairs, Vol. 20, No. 1
• Social Positions and Collective Sense-Making in Crisis Communication Stefan Stieglitz, Milad Mirbabaie and Maximilian Milde 30 January 2018 | International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, Vol. 34, No. 4

Recommended

Social Media and Disaster Communication: A Case Study of Cyclone Winston

Pacific Journalism Review , 24(1), pp. 123-137, 2018

15 Pages Posted: 22 Aug 2018

University of Tasmania, Tasmanian School of Business and Economics, Students; University of the South Pacific; University of Tasmania, Tasmanian School of Business and Economics, Students

University of the South Pacific

Renata Varea

Jason titifanue.

University of the South Pacific; La Trobe University

Romitesh Kant

La Trobe University - School of Social Sciences; The University of the South Pacific, Suva

Australian National University (ANU)

Date Written: July 31, 2018

This article presents an analysis of how social media was used during Tropical Cyclone Winston, the strongest recorded tropical storm that left a wake of destruction and devastation in Fiji during February 2016. Social media is increasingly being used in crises and disasters as an alternative form of communication. Social media use in crisis communication varies according to the context, the disaster and the maturity of social media use. Fiji’s experience during TC Winston contributes to the growing literature as it shows how social media was used during each stage of a disaster in a developing country. The article finds that before the cyclone, people used social media to share information about the cyclone and to be informed about the cyclone. During the cyclone, individuals used social media to share their experiences with some citizens capturing the cyclone as it happened and even one citizen live-tweeted her ordeal during the cyclone. Finally, following the cyclone, the hashtag #StrongerThanWinston was coined as a rallying point to bolster a sense of national solidarity.

Keywords: Crisis Response, Cyclone Winston, Cyclones, Fiji, Disaster Communication, Pacific Islands, Social Media

Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation

Glen Finau (Contact Author)

University of tasmania, tasmanian school of business and economics, students ( email ).

Hobart Australia

University of the South Pacific ( email )

Laucala Campus Suva Fiji

La Trobe University

Institute for Human Security and Social Change Victoria 3552, 3086 Australia

The University of the South Pacific, Suva ( email )

La trobe university - school of social sciences ( email ).

Melbourne, Victoria 3086 Australia

Australian National University (ANU) ( email )

Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia

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Social Media in Emergency Response Topic Collection August 1, 2023

Topic Collection: Social Media in Emergency Response

• Technical Resources
• Communications
• Social Media in Emergency Response

The use and impact of social media platforms (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Snapchat, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube) has skyrocketed over the past decade and has significantly supplemented—if not nearly replaced—more traditional means of communication for many population groups in the U.S. There are four primary ways that healthcare, public health, and emergency management use social media: posting information for public knowledge, posting to correct misinformation or rumors, obtaining incident information to help allocate resources, and identifying questions and issues to be addressed. 

Recent disasters and mass casualty incidents have highlighted the level to which victims, family members, and responders use social media to communicate about issues such as: their status and location, the effect of the disaster on their surroundings, where and how to locate shelter and supplies, how to volunteer, and health and medical advice.

In addition to building community relationships and emphasizing preparedness and resilience pre-disaster, planners can use social media to identify and monitor potential threats to public health, and communicate with residents about threats (e.g., infectious disease), pending incidents (e.g., severe weather), and the location and availability of services (e.g., shelters and points of distribution). Tools such as crowdsourcing (collecting information from a large group of people via the Internet) and data mining bolster these efforts. Photos and live-streamed video can help amplify messaging, provide locational data, and communicate the urgency of a situation.

Consistency and bi-directional communication is key as healthcare organizations communicate with their communities via social media, since misinformation (the spread of erroneous information), disinformation (the purposeful creation and proliferation of false/misleading information), and malinformation (based on fact, but used out of context to mislead or cause harm) are common on social media ( Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency, 2022 ). Most recently, the word “infodemic” has been used to refer to the dissemination of too much information, especially misleading information, during an infectious disease outbreak (e.g., World Health Organization, 2023 ). Social media-specific resources are included in this Collection; the Risk Communications Topic Collection includes additional resources on mis- and disinformation. The ASPR TRACIE Topic Collections on  Communication Systems , Cybersecurity , Information Sharing , and Virtual Medical Care Collections may also be of interest.

Because the nature of social media changes so frequently and is used for a wide variety of purposes, the ASPR TRACIE Team primarily includes lessons learned and promising practices from incidents within the past decade and actionable resources specific to our healthcare audience.

Each resource in this Topic Collection is placed into one or more of the following categories (click on the category name to be taken directly to that set of resources). Resources marked with an asterisk (*) appear in more than one category. 

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Education and Training

General guidance and research, lessons learned: floods, lessons learned: hurricanes, lessons learned: infectious disease, lessons learned: mass violence, lessons learned: tornadoes, lessons learned: wildfires, misinformation and disinformation, plans, tools, and templates, agencies and organizations.

This ASPR TRACIE Topic Collection was updated in April 2023 and comprehensively reviewed by the following subject matter experts (listed in alphabetical order): Eric Alberts , Senior Director, Emergency Management, Orlando Health; James Bolen , MS, Planning Section Chief, Butler County, State of Ohio AHIMT; Peter Brewster , Program Manager, Office of Emergency Management, Veterans Health Administration; April Finnen , Senior Communications Specialist, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; John Hick , MD, Hennepin Healthcare; Elizabeth Jarrett , Public Affairs Specialist, ASPR Web Communications; James Paturas , Director, Center for Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response, Yale New Haven Health System; Mary Russell , EdD MSN, Healthcare Emergency Response Coalition, Palm Beach County, Florida; and Molly Rutledge , M.A., M.S., Chief Clinical Consultant for Rehabilitation Specialists, IHS.

It was first comprehensively reviewed in February 2018 by  Kelly Bennett , MPH, Data and Analytics Branch Chief, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR), Division of Fusion; Suzanne Bernier , CEM, CBCP, MBCI, President, SB Crisis Consulting; Pete Brewster , Program Manager, Office of Emergency Management, Veterans Health Administration; John Hick , MD, HHS ASPR and Hennepin County Medical Center; Elizabeth Jarrett , M.A., Public Affairs Specialist, HHS ASPR; Caitlyn Lutfy , MPH, Health Communication Specialist, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Dave Nichols , CEM, Medical Reserve & Workforce Deployment Manager, Public Health Preparedness, Public Health Seattle & King County (WA); Sarah Perlstein , MPP, Contract Support, Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T); Barbara Reynolds , Ph.D., Director of Public Affairs, CDC; Mary Russell , EdD, MSN, Healthcare Emergency Response Coalition, Palm Beach County, Florida; Mary Kay Rutan , Communication Manager, VA Sunshine Healthcare Network (VISN 8), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; Brittney Seiler , MPA, HHS ASPR; L. Corey Sloan , M.A., M.S., EMT-P, Deputy Chief of EMS, NTA EMS Rescue, Bethany, MO; and Christopher Tarantino , Master Exercise Practitioner, Lead Consultant/Instructor, CEO of Epicenter Media & Training.

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Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication

ISSN : 2514-9342

Article publication date: 14 June 2022

Issue publication date: 9 January 2024

This study aims to investigate barriers and enablers of social media usage by zooming on one specific type of domain: disaster management. First, by systematically reviewing previous studies using a typology to social media usage, this study identifies the challenges often faced. Second, the results are visualized by qualitatively analyzing the focus group discussion data.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper opted for an inductive thematic approach of grounded theory, including focus group discussion with ten participants from diverse backgrounds working in the disaster domain. The data is transcribed verbatim and coded using Atlas.ti software.

The findings suggest that the vogue of social media significantly ascends its usage in disaster management. Regulatory, software, physical, authenticity, cultural and demographic rose as challenges for social media usage in disaster management. Findings further indicate enablers as the rise in mobile penetration, democratic participation, increase in living standards, two-way real-time communication, global reach, expeditious decision-making, no space-time constraint and cheaper source of information. Social media, compared to traditional media, is explored. This study has practical implications in helping authorities understand the barriers and enablers for social media usage in disaster management.

Originality/value

Qualitative data analysis of social media usage for disaster management has received scant attention. The main takeaway of this research is to offer clear findings of the purview of social media usage for disaster management. It demonstrates the challenges and enablers of disaster management using social media in the Indian context. Results indicate that leveraging social media for disaster management can extend decision-making for effective disaster management.

• Social media
• Disaster management
• Focus group discussion
• Qualitative data analysis
• Qualitative research
• Focus groups

Singla, A. and Agrawal, R. (2024), "Social media and disaster management: investigating challenges and enablers", Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication , Vol. 73 No. 1/2, pp. 100-122. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-12-2021-0206

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• Atmospheric Sciences
• Meteorology

Social media and disaster communication: A case study of Cyclone Winston

• Pacific Journalism Review – Te Koakoa 24(1):123-137
• 24(1):123-137

• University of Tasmania

• University of Melbourne

• Australian National University

Social media and disaster communication: A case study of Cyclone Winston

• Glen Finau The University of the South Pacific
• John Cox La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
• Jope Tarai The University of the South Pacific
• Romitesh Kant The University of the South Pacific
• Renata Varea The University of the South Pacific
• Jason Titifanue The University of the South Pacific

This article presents an analysis of how social media was used during Tropical Cyclone Winston, the strongest recorded tropical storm that left a wake of destruction and devastation in Fiji during February 2016. Social media is increasingly being used in crises and disasters as an alternative form of communication. Social media use in crisis communication varies according to the context, the disaster and the maturity of social media use. Fiji’s experience during TC Winston contributes to the growing literature as it shows how social media was used during each stage of a disaster in a developing country. The article finds that before the cyclone, people used social media to share information about the cyclone and to be informed about the cyclone. During the cyclone, individuals used social media to share their experiences with some citizens capturing the cyclone as it happened and even one citizen live-tweeted her ordeal during the cyclone. Finally, following the cyclone, the hashtag #StrongerThanWinston was coined as a rallying point to bolster a sense of national solidarity.

• Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)

Copyright (c) 2018 Glen Finau, John Cox, Jope Tarai, Romitesh Kant, Renata Varea, Jason Titifanue

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License .

Most read articles by the same author(s)

• Rufino Robert Varea, Jason Titifanue, Romitesh Kant, Renata Varea, The political affordances of the ‘coconut wireless’: Rotumans on social media in the 2018 Fiji elections , Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa: Vol. 26 No. 2 (2020): Climate crisis and coronavirus: Rethinking the social world
• Jope Tarai, Social media and Fiji’s 2018 national election , Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa: Vol. 25 No. 1&2 (2019): Terrorism dilemmas and democracy

Pacific Journalism Review

Print ISSN: 1023-9499 Online ISSN: 2324-2035

Published by Asia Pacific Media Network | Te Koakoa Incorporated , in collaboration with Tuwhera at Auckland University of Technology, Aotearoa New Zealand.

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UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System

The manuscript investigates how social media were used during a flood disaster managed by public affairs officers. We conducted high-level "elite" interviews with the state's top emergency managers about their social media policies, practices, and use in both media relations and citizen communication. We explored the strategies and communication models implemented, challenges and barriers for effective adoption of these platforms, and ethical implications in the use social media during natural disasters. The study investigates gaps between theories and practice, adopting a multidisciplinary perspective that involves public relations, social media studies, government/public affairs, and public sector communication. Recommendations are offered to improve disaster communication via social media including dedicated staff and resources, evaluation, symmetry, and the use of ethical communication to quell rumors or misinformation during a disaster.

Social media in disaster communication: A case study of strategies, barriers, and ethical implications

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Bridging the Gap: A Case Study of Utilizing Social Media to Accelerate Recovery and Structuring Disaster Management

• Conference paper
• First Online: 31 May 2024
• Cite this conference paper

• Suzad Mohammad 26 , 28 ,
• Abdullah Al Jobair 27 ,
• Fairuz Shaiara 26 &
• Sadia Sharmin 26  

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 14705))

Included in the following conference series:

• International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction

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The widespread availability of the internet and smartphones and active participation in social media platforms reflect a substantial advancement in information and communication technology. Despite Bangladesh’s economic progress and widespread technology adoption, recurring natural disasters disrupt lives and hinder development. Using a mixed-method approach, our study examines the effectiveness of social media in disaster management activities in Bangladesh with the goal of aiding the traditional approaches with social media to alleviate post-disaster suffering. The research involves analyzing official social media data from Facebook and Instagram using CrowdTangle. This quantitative analysis is followed by semi-structured interviews with 57 people affected by the 2022 floods in Sylhet. Additionally, our study involves interviews with disaster management organizations in Bangladesh to gather valuable insights from an organizational standpoint. According to the CrowdTangle analysis, most social media activity on Facebook and Instagram during the Sylhet flood was related to the disaster itself. Around 65% of Facebook posts and 70% of Instagram posts were directly linked to the flood. The interviews highlight the difficulties faced during such crises, as well as the potential of social media in managing disasters. The study sheds light on the difficulties faced during disaster management in developing countries such as Bangladesh and offers a path toward faster recovery from the aftermath of such disasters.

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https://www.crowdtangle.com/ .

https://bdrcs.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/20220618Flash-Flood_SitRep-3_BDRCS.pdf .

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Suzad Mohammad, Fairuz Shaiara & Sadia Sharmin

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Mohammad, S., Al Jobair, A., Shaiara, F., Sharmin, S. (2024). Bridging the Gap: A Case Study of Utilizing Social Media to Accelerate Recovery and Structuring Disaster Management. In: Coman, A., Vasilache, S. (eds) Social Computing and Social Media. HCII 2024. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14705. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61312-8_11

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