what person is an informative essay

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Ultimate guide to writing an informative essay, dr. wilson mn.

• June 14, 2023
• Essay Topics and Ideas , How to Guides

An informative essay is a piece of writing that teaches the reader about a certain subject. It is a common assignment in schools and colleges, and it requires the writer to present information about a topic in a clear and concise way. An informative essay can be a research paper, a report, or an essay that explains something.

Informative essays are important because they teach people about a topic and can be used to change people’s minds and actions. These essays are often used in school to teach students about a certain topic, but they can also be used at work to tell coworkers or clients about a subject.

The goal of this guide is to show you how to write an informative essay in a complete way. This guide will give you the tools and information you need to write high-quality, informative content, whether you are a student, a professional, or just someone who wants to learn how to write informative essays. By the end of this guide, you’ll know what an informative essay is, how to choose a topic, how to do research on your topic , how to structure your essay, and how to write a good conclusion.

What You'll Learn

Types of Informative Essays

There are several types of informative essays, each with its own unique purpose and structure. Some of the most common types of informative essays include:

1. Descriptive essays: These essays aim to provide a detailed description of a person, place, or thing. The writer uses sensory language and vivid imagery to help the reader visualize the subject.

2. Process essays: These essays explain how to do something or how something works. The writer breaks down a complex process into simple steps and provides clear instructions.

3. Compare and contrast essays: These essays analyze and evaluate the similarities and differences between two or more subjects. The writer uses evidence and examples to support their analysis .

4. Cause and effect essays: These essays explore the relationship between an event and its results. The writer analyzes the causes and effects of a particular phenomenon or event.

Elements of an Informative Essay

No matter what type of informative essay you are writing, there are several key elements that every informative essay should include:

1. Introduction: The introduction sets the tone for the essay and provides background information on the topic. It should grab the reader’s attention and provide a clear thesis statement .

2. Thesis statement: The thesis statement is the main idea of the essay . It should be clear and concise, and it should provide a roadmap for the rest of the essay.

3. Body paragraphs: The body paragraphs provide the meat of the essay . Each paragraph should focus on a single idea and provideevidence and examples to support the thesis statement . It is important to organize the body paragraphs in a logical order and use transitions to connect the ideas.

4. Evidence and examples: The evidence and examples used in an informative essay should be reliable and relevant to the topic. They should support the thesis statement and help the reader understand the topic better.

5. Conclusion: The conclusion summarizes the main points of the essay and restates the thesis statement in a fresh way. It should leave the reader with a clear understanding of the topic and its importance.

By including these elements in your informative essay, you can ensure that your writing is clear, concise, and effective. With the right structure and approach, you can create an informative essay that engages your readers and provides them with valuable knowledge on your chosen topic.

How to Choose a Topic for an Informative Essay

Choosing the right topic is crucial for a successful informative essay. Here are some steps you can take to choose a topic that is both interesting and informative:

1. Brainstorming techniques: Start by brainstorming a list of potential topics. You can use techniques such as mind mapping, freewriting, or listing to generate ideas.

2. Researching potential topics: Once you have a list of potential topics, research each one to determine if there is enough information available to write a comprehensive essay. You can use online sources, books, and academic journals to gather information.

3. Narrowing down the topic: Once you have a list of potential topics, narrow them down by considering factors such as your personal interests, the target audience, and the scope of the essay. Choose a topic that you are passionate about and that will be interesting to your readers.

Writing an Informative Essay: Step-by-Step Guide

Now that you have chosen a topic , it’s time to start writing your informative essay. Follow these steps to create a well-structured and informative essay:

1. Choosing a topic: Choose a topic that you are interested in and that will be interesting to your readers.

2. Creating an outline: Create an outline that includes the main points you want to cover in your essay . This will help you stay organized and focused as you write.

3. Writing the introduction: The introduction should grab the reader’s attentionand provide background information on the topic. It should also include a clear thesis statement that outlines the main points you will cover in the essay .

4. Developing the body paragraphs: The body paragraphs should focus on one main point each and provide evidence and examples to support your thesis statement. Use transitional words and phrases to connect the paragraphs and create a logical flow.

5. Concluding the essay: The conclusion should summarize the main points of your essay and restate the thesis statement in a fresh way. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion.

6. Editing and revising: Once you have completed your essay, take time to edit and revise it. Check for grammar and spelling errors, and ensure that your ideas are clear and concise. Ask someone else to read your essay and provide feedback .

By following these steps, you can create a well-structured and informative essay that will engage your readers and provide them with valuable knowledge on your chosen topic. Remember to choose a topic that you are passionate about and to stay focused on your thesis statement throughout the writing process. With practice, you can become a skilled writer of informative essays.

Informative Essay Examples

One of the best ways to learn how to write an informative essay is to read examples of successful essays. Here are some sample informative essays to read and analyze:

1. The Effects of Climate Change on the Arctic” by National Geographic: This essay provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of climate change on the Arctic. It uses clear language and provides a wealth of evidence and examples to support its claims .

2. The Benefits of Meditation” by Healthline: This essay explores the benefits of meditation for mental and physical health . It uses a clear and concise writing style and provides scientific evidence to support its claims.

3. The History of the Internet” by History: This essay provides a detailed history of the internet from its inception to present day. It uses varied sentence structure and provides a wealth of information in an engaging way.

When analyzing these essays , pay attention to the structure, writing style, and use of evidence and examples. What makes these essays effective ? How do they grab the reader’s attention and keep them engaged?

Tips for Writing an Effective Informative Essay

Here are some tips to keep in mind when writing an informative essay:

1. Use clear and concise language: Avoid using jargon or technical language that may be difficult for your readers to understand. Use simple, clear language to convey your ideas.

2. Provide credible sources: Use reliable sources to support your claims. Academic journals, books, and reputable websites are good sourcesof information to use in your essay .

3. Use varied sentence structure: Varying the length and structure of your sentences can help keep your writing interesting and engaging. Use short, simple sentences for emphasis and longer, more complex sentences to provide detail and context.

4. Revise and edit your essay: Once you have completed your essay, take time to revise and edit it. Check for errors in grammar and spelling, and ensure that your ideas are clear and well-supported. Ask someone else to read your essay and provide feedback.

By following these tips, you can create an informative essay that is clear, concise, and engaging. Remember to choose a topic that you are passionate about and to use credible sources to support your claims. With practice, you can become a skilled writer of informative essays.

Common Mistakes to Avoid in Informative Essays

While writing an informative essay, there are some common mistakes that you should avoid. Here are some of the most common mistakes:

1. Lack of focus: Ensure that your essay has a clear focus and that each paragraph supports the main idea.

2. Overuse of opinions: While it’s important to provide your perspective on the topic, an informative essay should be based on facts and evidence rather than opinions.

3. Plagiarism: Always cite your sources and avoid copying content from other sources without proper attribution.

4. Poor grammar and spelling: Proofread your essay carefully to avoid errors in grammar and spelling.

Frequently Asked Questions

Here are some frequently asked questions about informative essays:

1. What is an informative essay?

An informative essay is a type of writing that aims to educate readers on a particular topic. It presents information on a subject in a clear and concise manner and can take many forms, such as a research paper , a report, or an explanatory essay.

2. What are the elements of an informative essay?

The elements of an informative essay include an introduction, a thesis statement, body paragraphs, evidence and examples, and a conclusion.

3. How do I choose a topic for an informative essay?

To choose a topic for an informative essay, start by brainstorming potential topics, research each one to determine if there is enough information available, and narrow down the topic by considering your personal interests, the targetaudience, and the scope of the essay.

In conclusion , writing an effective informative essay requires careful planning, research, and a clear understanding of the topic. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can create a well-structured essay that provides valuable knowledge to your readers. Remember to choose a topic that you are passionate about, use credible sources, and edit and revise your essay carefully . Avoid common mistakes such as lack of focus, overuse of opinions, plagiarism, and poor grammar and spelling.

Writing informative essays can be challenging, but with practice, you can become a skilled writer. So, go ahead and start writing informative essays that engage your readers and provide them with valuable knowledge on a variety of topics.

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Step-By-Step Guide to Writing an Informative Essay

Informative essays are aimed to educate the audience about a certain topic. You should have the necessary knowledge about your subject and be able to convey information in an organized and understandable way. If you have enough practice, writing a successful paper won’t be a problem for you. Just follow this step-by-step guide at college-writers.com blog.

Researching the topic

1. understand your assignment.

The first thing you should do is check the requirements and your prompt. Depending on the given requirements, you can understand how much information you need to collect, and how to present it properly. If you have any questions, we recommend that you talk to your teacher. Make sure that you know the required citation format. Sometimes, teachers may also recommend reference software, such as RefWorks or EndNote which make it easier to keep track of your sources.

Strictly follow all the formatting requirements. Use the recommended font, and if there are no specific guidelines, go with a standard font like Arial or Times New Roman, 12 pt. Avoid “funny” or unusual fonts.

Start working on your essay as soon as you can to complete it before the deadline.

2. Select a topic

If you haven’t got the topic assigned by a teacher, you need to choose one yourself. Choosing a topic may be not an easy task, however, you can quickly narrow down the range of options available. For example, your topic shouldn’t be too broad or too specific. You should be able to find enough information about your subject, however, you should also be able to cover this topic in the essay.

Think of your audience and choose a topic that will be interesting for your readers. What background does your audience have? What they may want to learn? Obviously, the topic should be also interesting for you so that you can get really involved in the writing process and create a nice paper.

3. Conduct research

Good research is crucial for an informative essay. Make sure to only use reliable, proven sources, such as academic journals, scholarly databases, and encyclopedias. Avoid citing Wikipedia and other online sources that may have unreliable content. Check websites of government organizations and universities. A great way to search for sources is using Google Scholar.

4. Take notes

While researching your topic, jot down the key facts and ideas that look useful for your essay. Grab a sheet of paper or type your notes on a laptop. The main point is to remember information that can serve as a basis for your essay. Keep in mind that your essay should have an introduction, a body with at least three key points, and a conclusion.

5. Mind your sources

Write down all the crucial information about your sources, such as the author, title, publisher, and other details so that you can cite your sources properly.

6. Brainstorm your ideas

Once you’ve got enough information, start brainstorming the main ideas. You may create a mind map with the main subject in the center of the map, and subtopics connected to it logically. Another way to brainstorm effectively is to write a list of ideas, starting with your topic, and following it with any ideas that come to your mind. Don’t try to sort them by priority, just come up with as many ideas as you can.

Another approach is freewriting. Set a timer for 10-15 minutes and generate ideas. Once again, you don’t need to evaluate your ideas or care about grammar at this stage. Just keep writing until the time is up.

Writing an Outline

1. plan your introduction and hook.

The introduction should present your thesis statement, which is usually 2-3 sentences long. The thesis statement is the central argument of your essay.

Don’t worry about creating a perfect thesis statement when you just start to write the essay, Many people choose to write it when the whole essay is ready, so just jot down the main points so that you can understand the main idea of your essay. At this stage, the thesis statement should just help you build the outline.

2. Use one strong piece of evidence per body paragraph

The body of your essay is its main part. Choose the main points from your research and determine the number of details you’re going to provide. For example, if you have to write a five-paragraph essay, you need three body paragraphs, with one point for each paragraph. Make sure that everything you’re going to write about is really important in the context of your subject.

3. Add supporting details

Once you’ve determined the major points, add specific details that will support your idea and help your readers understand it. You may use such details as quotes, examples, etc. Make sure that you have enough details for each body paragraph. If this task seems difficult, we suggest that you choose another topic or do additional research.

4. Restate your thesis statement

The conclusion of your essay should restate your thesis statement and summarize the whole paper. You may also present your ideas in a new light.

Writing the Essay

1. write your first draft.

Start writing your first draft, using the outline as a guide. Since it’s the first draft, just focus on conveying your ideas in a logical manner, without fixing spelling or punctuation mistakes.

2. Write a topic sentence for each paragraph

The topic sentence is the first sentence of a paragraph which describes its main idea. It may also serve as a transition between two paragraphs. It should set a clear direction for the paragraph. In addition, make sure that all of your paragraphs are directly related to the central idea of the essay and contain evidence that supports your claims.

3. Structure your essay

As we’ve already mentioned above, your essay should include the introduction, body, and conclusion. Every body paragraph should contain your claim, evidence that supports it, and explanation. Check your outline to be consistent while writing.

Edit your draft, answering the following questions:

• Do you have a clear thesis statement?
• Are the body paragraphs directly related to your thesis?
• Can your readers learn something new from your essay?
• Is your essay interesting and easy to read?
• Does every paragraph have the right structure?
• Is your language clear and easy to read?
• Did you cite the sources properly?

5. Write the final draft

Write your final draft, making it coherent and logically correct. The final draft should not only provide information but also do it in a smooth, engaging, and easy-to-understand way. In addition, make sure that all of your paragraphs have the right structure.

6. Check your language

Once you’ve checked the logical structure, make sure that you don’t have any sentences that sound awkward. Get rid of word echoes and repetitive phrases.

7. Proofread

Proofread your essay, fixing any grammar mistakes, misspelled words, or wrong punctuation. If you have any problems with proofreading, just order professional proofreading on College-Writers.com. Reading your essay out loud may also help you make your essay better

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Top 6 Informative Essay Types

Introduction

Are you a college or high school student? Do you know that a chance of you drafting an informative essay holds at 100%? The article below aims at equipping you on how to go about informative essay writing in your academic years.

A title might be chosen for you to tackle by your tutor or left for you to pick for yourself.

There are several instances where learners will get informative topics that they do not know how to develop. Thus, the guide below offers to educate you on how to craft an exceptional informative essay by showing you all the types. However, should you chose to skip this guide due to reasons such as a busy schedule, our tutors for hire are ready to cover you by acing your informative essay. All you need to do is place an order and relax!

Informative Essay: Definition

An informative essay is a type of essay writing that explores a particular topic to inform an audience. Unlike the other academic essay types, this essay does not thrive on convincing the audience of their truth.

However, it focuses on keenly studying a topic and collecting relevant information to help educate its audience.

High school and college teachers use it as the most effective academic tool since it helps to evaluate many criteria such as:

• The subject knowledge
• Format awareness
• Proficiency in English
• Sets of skills

Coming up with an impressive informative essay dramatically depends on the strength of your topic. If it has an interesting topic, reading the essay will be intriguing to the readers.

Ordinarily, this type of essay will mainly compare controversial points of view about a given subject.

Types of Informative Essays

In order to understand this kind of academic essay, learners must know a few types and how they are crafted.

An informative essay is identical to an expository essay. Some of the types include:

• Process essay
• Cause and Effect  essay
• Descriptive essay
• Problem-Solution essay
• Compare and Contrast essay
• Expository essay

These informative essay types are widely discussed below:

1. Process Essay

A process essay is an informative essay type that seeks to explain a step-by-step process and issue direction for a given process, procedure, or mechanism.

Process essays range from straightforward ones to more complex ones. Either way, the ultimate goal of a good paper is to issue readers direction and guidance.

A process paper is mainly exhibited by explaining processes with the aid of descriptions. The most commonly used words in this essay are: first, last, initially, finally, next, and then.

It is vital to note that every process essay incorporates features like:

• Transition words – Help to separate the previous step from the next step.
• Chronological order- Following steps without skipping or shifting them around so that the readers will not misunderstand.
• Straightforward and clear narration- Being clear helps avoid confusing your audience. Complex language makes the narration ambiguous.
• Steps description- Make your steps simple and clear to follow.

Types of process essays include:

Directional Essay – It explains “how-to” in things. It takes on some variables, such as how to get your debit card. The aftermath of the directional essay should be a result. For instance, in our case, the expected result is the debit card.

  Informational Essay – It explains how a given thing works. For example, how a generator works. It helps explain something to the audience but does not necessarily result like it is in directional.

1 a). Writing a Process Essay

Coming up with this essay is not very difficult. A nicely structured essay is guaranteed if you follow simple steps and rules. Below are few tips to follow in your writing process in order to meet the process paper expectation.

• Develop a list of materials . You need to make sure that every material is listed as per its importance. Prioritize them in a way that the item that tops the list is the most impactful one. It is pretty essential to know the necessities in advance and keeping them ready.
• Determine the skill level of your audience. It is imperative to know your audience’s level of skills. That will help you put the essay in a way that your target audience will understand with ease. If your target is, say, school students: you will put your paper in a more straightforward and understandable form compared to how you will put it in a case of an audience comprising of, say, aeronautical engineers only.
• Jot down each task. Every task holds some importance in a step-by-step session. It is vital to ensure that you do not omit a single step. A process is only deemed complete if all the required steps are included. However, do not use excessive explanation. Ensure that all your steps are competent and understandable.

1 b). Process Essay Topics

It can be quite a task to come up with a topic for process papers. Firstly, have a self-drive to motivate your writing. Having a passion for writing essays forms an excellent recipe for developing an exciting and thrilling topic.

Always choose a topic that intrigues your interest in cases where you cannot write a process essay on areas you are not knowledgeable about. Before you try to explain anything to your audience, please do thorough research to ensure you perfectly understand it.

While writing your process essay, it is also essential to consider the audience. Ensure the topic is related to your subject for the audience to understand easily.

A few topic ideas that might intrigue you are:

• How to start selling school uniforms on eBay
• How to minimize your cell phone usage
• How to behave in a job interview
• How your immune system helps fight pneumonia
• How to sign up for a Gmail account
• How to create your energy drinks

These are just but a few examples of topics. You can come up with yours but ensure that it is a process.

1 c). Process Essay Outline

Many academic essay writings typically follow a specific standard format. The format entails an introduction , main body paragraphs, and a conclusion .

• Introduction – Your introduction should give your audience a brief about the topic. Also, explain how you intend to detail your process and why you chose that particular topic.

Use the introduction to paint an image for your readers by being descriptive in your process. You can also employ a funny joke to make your topic sentence exciting and attract the attention of your readers.

• Body paragraphs – This forms the most significant part of your paper and should be split into various paragraphs to enable clear understanding with ease. Use connective words to make your paragraphs flow smoothly into each subsequent one.

Explain each step carefully, considering their lengths vary. Use the explanation to get a sense of their complexity and lengths.

The purpose of each step should also be explained in order to make it clear to the readers.

• Conclusion – At this stage, you are supposed to expound on why your instructions are invaluable. You need to enable your readers to understand that the processes they learned will come in handy in the future.

The conclusion paragraph should be short, exciting, and straight to the point. It should be aimed at expounding on the main result, emphasizing the primary purpose of the process, and entirely stating the conclusion.

2. Cause and Effect Essay

A cause is an action that causes something to happen. On the other hand, the effect is the outcome or result of the cause and the consequence it makes.

Therefore, a cause and effect essay is a type of informative essay that focuses on the reasons for something happening and then reflects on the outcomes.

It is vital to master this kind of academic essay to keep up with good performance. Why is it so? Cause and effect essays are relevant and widely used in the academic field.

This essay is not only employed in an academic paper but also in our day-to-day lives. Additionally, it is one of the most commonly used methods of discussing interesting ideas by various institutions and organizations.

2 a). Essay Topics for Cause and Effect  

The critical area to consider while developing a topic is that it should portray a case where a given action yields specific results.

As long as you keep that key area in mind, the choice of your topic is endless. You can write anything important to you. Ensure your topic is clear, relevant, significant, accurate, and enjoyable.

Consider the following steps when coming up with a good essay topic:

• Brainstorming – Jog your mind and generate valuable ideas that you will use in developing a topic.
• Select the idea that intrigues you the most.
• Restrict your concept to a more distinct one.
• Develop a clear, engaging and straight to the point, and brief topic.

These steps will help you form the right and best topic for your essay. A few examples off cause and effect essay topics for high school and other institutions are:

• The impact of mental health on a child’s development.
• How music influences people’s behaviour in third-world countries.
• The influence of cheating in high school exams.
• Violent video games can negatively influence one’s behaviour.
• The impact of sex education on students
• How drama festivals impact fulfilling career choices.
• The impact of Covid-19 on the global economy.
• Importance of a school uniform

You may also check comprehensive cause and effect essay topics !

2 b). Essay Outline for Cause and Effect

Cause and effect essays have two types of structures, namely the block structure, which means keeping all your causes at the beginning of the essay succeeded by the effects. The other type is the chain structure which means an effect immediately follows every specific cause.

The outline incorporates the introduction, body, and conclusion parts, just like most writings.

3. Descriptive Essays

A descriptive essay is an informative essay that describes a person, an object, an event, or a process. It usually appeals to the five human senses, which include: the sense of sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste. Appealing these senses is essential in drafting an outstanding descriptive essay.

The main aim of a descriptive essay is to create an image for the reader by pleasing his senses.

Additionally, your composition should have a purpose. The purpose can be something that impacts your life in a particular type of way. It brings to life the bright idea.

3 a). Descriptive Essay Ideas and Topics

The topics can primarily be generated and described from an event, a person, an animal, a place, behaviour, and an occupation.

Below are ideas for coming up with an excellent descriptive topic:

• Place description – A place you intend to describe could be a college or a church. For example, “My journey to upcountry.”

• Description of a person- When making this kind of description, you need to select a person you know well. That enables you to have a wide range of what to write about. You can pick a celebrity, a politician, or a known superhero like Batman, among others.

For instance: How the president impacted our country’s economic growth.

• Description of emotion- You can think of an emotion you went through during a particular incident. It could be happiness, sorrow, anger, loss, rage, etc. The emotions could be personal or observed by other people.

For example: How love influenced my life.

3 b). Descriptive Essay Outline

To organize your thoughts in an essay and make it flow, you need a well-structured outline . Like in other essays, professional writers will always include the introduction, body, and conclusion.

The introduction plays a role in introducing your subject to the readers and equips them with adequate context to help them understand. Note that it should be concise and interesting to read.

The introduction should contain the hook sentence, which helps capture the readers’ attention right from the start of your paper, and the background information , which brings out what is about to be described and states why it is crucial. It gives a summary of your paper.

Another point in an introduction is the thesis statement, which should be short and straight to the point in summarizing your work. It brings out the purpose and subject of your description.

Body Paragraphs

The main body paragraphs should be three in a particular paper that covers different arguments altogether. The number of paragraphs to include in your composition is wholly up to you. A paragraph is always enough to tell a story, while at times, it takes an entire book.

In this case, your conclusion summarizes all the critical points in your body text. It is advisable to write a final sentence directly related to your paper’s main points. After you are done writing the conclusion, you are advised to proofread your essay to make changes to grammatical errors that may arise and ensure zero plagiarism.

3. Compare and Contrast Essay

Compare and contrast essays are academic compositions where a student examines two or more subjects with the other.

Comparing is the act of exploring the similarities that arise between more than one subject, whereas contrasting means looking into the differences. The two subjects undergoing comparisons are usually in similar groups, though with differences. For instance, you can compare graduate and professional degrees of two institutions, two colleges, two interesting facts, two schools, etc.

A strong thesis statement in this essay must have a meaningful comparison. Conduct proper brainstorming to come up with a good thesis.

Compare and contrast essays, which are also examples of informative essays, are very common in university and college education. It puts into action analysis and observation and assists in creating meaningful ideas about a specific subject.

3 a). Essay Topics for Compare and Contrast

When developing a topic for an essay, it is essential to note that subjects cannot be highly unlike. Being unlike may mean that there are only a few or ultimately no points of similarity or comparison.

Similarly, in cases where there are too many similarities, the resulting contrast will be immensely reduced.

In order to make your composition exciting and easy to develop, you need to select a topic that you are passionate about before you start writing. Below are proper ways to brainstorm for topics:

• Random facts: come up with fun facts that are intended to make your topics good.
• Identify categories: identify types of categories like movies, plants, and animals, and compare their subjects.
• Books vs. Movies: in most aspects of a book compared to a movie, a book is always preferred over a movie.

Good topic ideas to consider in compare and contrast essays:

• The difference between junior school students and middle school students.
• Similarities and differences between professional degrees and diplomas.
• The key aspects and differences between World War I and World War II.
• Keeping emotional support animals vs. service animals.
• The disparity between global warming and the greenhouse effect.
• Comparison between private and public schools

3 b). Outline for Compare and Contrast

Two structural methods can assist you in organizing facts here. They include the block structure , where all the information for the first subject is presented, and details are explained. The point-by-point structure outlays every similarity and difference concurrently.  A feature that is particular to a given subject can be listed succeeded by its difference or similarity.

Both two structures have advantages and disadvantages. The point-by-point format needs its points analyzed while making differences and similarities more explicit and understandable.

On the other hand, the block format is simple to write since all the information about the two subjects is singled out and left to aid readers in making comparisons.

4. Problem-Solution Essay

A problem-solution essay is an informative essay that pays keen attention to a problem and several solutions that address it. It also aims at educating the readers on the problem identified and its relevance in society.

When coming up with a problem-solution kind of essay, you must have adequate knowledge and understanding of the elements leading to the problems. Consequently, also equip yourself with the measure that you will take to solve the problem.

5. An Expository Essay

An expository essay is an informative essay in which the writer aims to explain the topic at hand. When crafting this type of essay, you need to investigate ideas, evaluate the collected shreds of evidence, expound on all the ideas, and eventually develop a conclusive argument.

Examples of expository essay topics are:

• Explain rising cases of mental disorders
• What are the consequences of teen pregnancy?
• Describe the effects of a learning disability
• What is artificial intelligence?

5 a). Features of an Expository Essay

The expository essay entails some features, including:

• Describing and explaining processes by giving detailed guidelines on how to go about things.
• Informing and presenting facts to the audience.
• Clarifying to give an image of what the author intends to say.
• Expository essays are unbiased since it is not based on the writer’s own opinion.
• It organizes data and ensures that you systematically present information.

5 b). Format of Expository Essay

The format for this essay is similar to most other compositions. It entails the introduction with a thesis statement, the body paragraphs, and the conclusion. It is the purpose in which they are drafted that makes them different. 

You may also check expository essay topics !

General Informative Essay Topics

You should choose your own good informative essay topic in an event where one has not been selected for you. Having a wide range of informative essay topics to choose from might give you a hard time.

The following ideas are insightful when selecting the most appropriate and interesting informative essay topics:

• Ensure that the informative topic is intriguing to your audience. Know and study your audience to understand the informative topic that best suits your readers.
• Select a topic that fascinates you. It will allow you to express your passion fully and make you enjoy the whole writing process.
• Ensure your essay topics have adequate information about your subject, though not so much that would result in complete novel writing.

Below are some pertinent, informative essay topics samples you can use as middle school students, high school students, and students from any college campus:

• What are the causes of drug addiction?
• How to structure the education system
• Balancing on a hoverboard
• Why do we sleep?
• Ways to increase rates of employment in New York City
• Everything involved in cooking beef
• How global warming is caused

You may also check narrative essay topics !

Writing an Informative Essay

Develop a plan in advance to help you adequately organize information. The plan will, in turn, help speed up the entire process of writing the essay.

Brainstorming – Before you begin writing an informative essay, select an appropriate topic accordingly. It will help enhance the organization of your thoughts appropriately. Brainstorming helps give multiple informative essay ideas that help kick start your paper satisfactorily.

Topic choice – It involves coming up with the very best informative topic out of the alternatives you initially had. Good informative essay topics should be concise, neither too narrow nor too broad. 

Conduct research – Involves acquiring vital information from secondary (materials already written) and primary sources (physical evidence).

Informative Essay Structure

An informative essay outline is generally composed in a standard essay format that comprises: 

• In an introduction with a strong thesis statement, you can provide an argument and appealingly demonstrate its importance.
• The thesis statement – is the very last sentence of the introduction of the essay writing. It summarizes the essential points to the audience. Your argument should be put in an easily readable form. The readers need to learn more about the subject by just going through the statement.
• The body consists of three paragraphs that help defend, develop, and support the thesis stated in the introduction. Ensure that all the paragraphs start with a topic statement, which links your thesis to the first point. That, in turn, plays a role in enabling a smooth transition from the introduction.

• The conclusion sums up the entire information and offers its relevance to real-life situations. It gives the final insights about the topic by restating the thesis.

In order to finish the essay, you must design an overall ending statement. The concluding statement explains the intentions of your argument. 

Final Word  

An informative essay aims at providing readers with relevant information. Nevertheless, this will not be possible without a great topic.

In this article, you will get excellent and interesting, informative essay topics you will need to succeed in your academic performance and acquire new knowledge.

However, if you need help with your informative essays, click the green button below, and we will be glad to help.

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How to Teach Informational Writing

You probably already know that I LOVE teaching writing. And you might think I’m crazy, but nonfiction writing might be my favorite type of writing. It’s hard to call favorites, but truthfully – I find it the easiest (personally) than other types of writing. I think that might be because informative writing is about “teaching.” And, well, if you’re a teacher…it just makes sense, right? 

What makes informative writing really fun for your students is that they become “experts on a topic.” And becoming an expert on something builds confidence – and that confidence can translate into their writing. So I have 3 big tips for you when it comes to teaching nonfiction/informative writing. 

Know Where You are Going!

If you don’t know where you are going, then how will you know when you get there? When you get ready for a unit of writing, you want to get really clear on what you expect of your students as an end result. You know it’s not going to look the same (how boring would that be!), but you know there is a goal and structure to produce something. Between here and there is a process. 

On the low end, your goal may be a 3 paragraph essay/article/book/project.

• An Introduction
• A Body Paragraph
• A Conclusion

There is a clear beginning, middle, and end. Let’s not discredit that – it’s better than many adults!

In the middle, it may be a 4 paragraph essay.  

• An Introduction: States Controlling Idea or Main Idea of the Whole
• A Body Paragraph: Main Idea #1
• A Body Paragraph: Main Idea #2
• A Conclusion: Restates the Controlling Idea, possibly with a Call to Action

On the high end, it may be a 5 paragraph essay.  

This is a basic structure, but it is a skeleton of what you are trying to do. And it’s important to understand that not all writers will be able to pull off even a 3 paragraph essay. And many will struggle with just a paragraph. But you know where you are going.

I’m going to get on my soapbox real quick and then I’ll get off to stay on topic. DON’T stress yourself out about what your students can’t do. Focus on THEIR growth and progress. I KNOW you are hearing from possibly your admin, testing results, and your internal thoughts about all the things that your students can’t do. But you know what, ten years from now— they won’t care about their 4th Grade Writing FSA score. They’ll be sitting in their high school classroom having some kind of emotional attachment to writing. a) I love it so much – this is no big deal to write an essay on the Lord of the Flies b) I don’t really care about writing. I’ll do it, but it’s not that important.  c) any time the word “writing” is mentioned:  eyes roll, slump in seat, exasperated.

I’m telling you this because I lived it. I’m telling you this because I care. I’m telling you this because I think EVERYTHING we do in elementary – especially upper elementary has a big impact on our students’ ability to communicate via writing.

So, yes, I love writing. But I also know everybody doesn’t. And I ALSO know there is a reason for that. Who helped you decide how you feel about writing? And how is it empowering you to impact your students?  Don’t let that define how you show up as a writing teacher. I KNOW that every teacher thinks writing is important. You think writing is important. That’s why you are here. The problem is with our beliefs about writing or US as writers. And I want to help you shift that thinking. 

Thanks for that soap box moment. Moving along…

Once you know what your end goal is, then you can map out your teaching points to get you from here to there. I love using a unit calendar to see the unit as a whole. The writing calendar helps you determine what you are teaching and when.

Use the Unit Calendar for Writing Conferences

You can also keep a copy of your unit calendar inside your conferring binder or writing notebook to refer to during conferences and small group. If you aren’t sure what to teach your students during a conference, then just go to your calendar to see which teaching points fit with their needs. Your students may need something that is not on the calendar, but this is a great way to gauge determine whether your students are applying the skills taught in the unit. 

Begin with choice!

If you teach in an upper elementary testing grade, then this part might be difficult if you have a set curriculum that you must follow. If that’s you, then you might need to be more strategic – more about that in a moment.

Giving students choice in their topic increases engagement. This is because they are invested in the quality of their work. They genuinely care about what they are writing about. If they are reading about their topic, then they are also going to make meaning of the content on their own terms. Hello, reading comprehension benefits!

Giving students choice leads to their voice.  When students are writing about a topic they care about, they are going to write in a way that they might speak. They get excited and enthusiastic about the topic. Our job as a writing teacher is to help them translate that excitement and enthusiasm to their writing.

Think about that one student in your classroom that can’t stop talking about sharks. He teaches you about the Megalodon and how he thinks it possibly still exists. He reminds you of Ross talking about rocks. (Are you a Friends fan, too? ?) THAT’s the writer in that student. Giving that student the power to write about something that he cares about will unlock his writing voice. And it’s also going to make him care about his writing far more than any assignment would! 

In my 4th Grade classroom, we aligned this unit with our Life Science unit. Students chose an animal for their topic and then we used the things we were learning about in science to figure out the different parts/paragraphs of their writing. For example, learned behaviors vs. instincts, life cycles, and seasonal behaviors. This way students were deepening what they were learning in science by writing about it. 

If you teach 2nd or 3rd Grade, you might begin with All About Books. And I’m not saying they aren’t appropriate for 4th or 5th either – you just might want to up the rigor by having them do actual research. This was one of my favorite units to teach in 3rd Grade. Let me tell you how much teaching 3rd grade writing teaches YOU about YOURSELF. 🙂 I’ve got an All About book unit in the works, but for now I’ll leave this little throwback teaser for you.  I hear you. 

What if my students need to write in response to prompts and texts to prepare for a state writing test? 

If you don’t have time in your teaching progression to have students first write about a topic of choice, then here are some ways you can hack choice. I can’t believe I just wrote that – but let’s go with it. 

1.Students can write about a topic of choice, but they must have 2-3 teacher-approved articles from the internet and/or books from the library. In my classroom, we had access to laptops one day a week. Students were able to find an article online. If you go this route, you might have students copy and paste the link into a Google Doc and share with you OR simply write the website in their notebook. 

2. Have a Class List of Topics that Students Choose From. One way that you can give choice is by having specific topics you want students to write about based on a theme, or integrate into your Science or Social Studies content areas. Then, allow students to choose from a list. You can make these around a theme such as animals, endangered animals, state animals, inventors, women inventors, inventions, and the list goes on. 

3.  Select the texts based on your students’ interest. You could have students vote on a topic they write about or as a class, make a list of their interests that they would like to write about. Exude enthusiasm about all topics, but if they are helping you come up with the list, then there is going to be way more engagement. 

4.  Select high-interest texts. At the end of the day, you may be teaching in a setting where you know giving student choice is best practice, but you also have to get them ready for state testing or writing to deadline. There are a lot of texts out there, but be a critical consumer when it comes to what you put in front of your students. If YOU aren’t interested in a text, then that may be a sign that your students most likely won’t be either. You won’t bring that same energy into teaching how to write in response to the text, so if you find yourself with a lackluster text set in front of you – scrap it and move on.

One of the reasons I created the monthly text sets was to have more options for the topics my students were writing about. You can grab this free Informational Shark Text Set here!

Select a Mentor Text (s)

Once you have determined WHAT your students will write about, select a mentor text or two that you will use throughout the unit. Animals are always high-interest with kids, so I tend to go that route because it’s a low-hanging fruit. Kids are naturally interested in animals – even – especially with the creepy ones like snakes or spiders. And the majestical ones like butterflies. You also want to choose a text that has the features that you want to teach!

If you have the option – teach your nonfiction reading unit at the same time you are teaching your nonfiction writing unit. This will work wonders! Your teaching will be side by side. If you’re teaching students how to identify and use text features as a reader, then you can deepen your teaching by showing them how to do the same thing as a writer. Snakes by Time for Kids is a wonderful way of doing this. 

My 3 favorite books for teaching informational writing are: 

• Snakes by Time for Kids
• Butterflies by Kevin J. Holmes
• Spiders by Seymour Simon (His books are AMAZING for craft, voice, main idea, and elaboration!!!)

Inside my Informational Writing Unit, I’ve included Read Aloud plans that identify the specific strategies and teaching points you can pull from the books: Snakes by Time for Kids and Butterflies by Kevin J. Holmes.

Read Like a Writer

Before you teach strategies and techniques about informative writing – study that type of writing. And I don’t mean just you. You and your students. Each of my units begin with the same lesson tweaked in the slightest bit – the genre. 

Writers study the characteristics of the kind of writing they will do – ______. For this unit, it’s informational writing. We spend a full day studying the characteristics of that type of writing. This is important because students see the big picture! They see what their endgame is. As humans, that’s important! We want to know what we are working towards. We want to see our end. We are beginning with the end in mind.  

1.Read the text once for the gist. Preferably, you have already read this text as part of Reading Workshop to model reading strategies. If you have not already read the text before the lesson, then select a section of the text. I highly recommend first introducing the text to your students during your reading block. I can’t stress this enough. You can use this SAME BOOK to teach your Reading teaching points. Don’t create more work for yourself. Leverage what you are already using. You could even use a text you have already used in reading and then repurpose it for your writing block.

2. Read the text a second time with a “writer’s eye.” Slow down and stop to notice what  the writer to identify what the writer did to make this writing so amazing. Use the Read  Aloud Plans included with this book as a guide.

3. Create a class anchor chart to note the characteristics of informational writing.  Use the notebook chart included to guide students thinking, but you want them to come up with some characteristics on their own.

4. Use the notebook chart as a guide. You can then give them the writing notebook  chart after the lesson OR hand out the chart before the lesson. They can use  highlighters/colored pencils to highlight certain things they notice or key words while you are teaching. The more I use notebook charts, the more I find the value of using  them to teach the lesson so that students know how to use them during Independent  Practice. Also, they begin to use them as a continuous resource, not just another sheet of paper.

Messy = Learning in Progress

You definitely want to have some ideas in mind for what you expect students to identify as the characteristics. And that’s when the notebook chart comes in handy! 

This is only the beginning of what’s possible when teaching Informational Writing, but I promise you it sets a powerful foundation for you and your students. I’ve put together a unit sampler of the Informational Writing unit. Inside this sampler, you will get: 

• teaching point calendar
• the first 3 lesson plans in the unit
• notebook charts for the first 3 lessons
• PowerPoint/Google Slides for the first 3 lessons

I also want to walk you through what is provided for you inside the complete unit.

Each lesson includes a PowerPoint or Google Slide. You can use these during whole group or share with your students using Google Classroom. 

If you are looking for more support in teaching Informational Writing, be sure to join the TLL Membership , which and includes ALL of my ELA resources for Grades 3-5 at a low monthly price. You can also purchase the Informational Writing Unit as part of any of the bundles below: 

What is your favorite nonfiction mentor text? Let me know in the comments!

How to Start an Informative Essay – A Comprehensive Guide of 2023

Writing an informative essay can be a big challenge. The reason is that you must have knowledge about the main points to justify your thoughts.

While you start writing the essay, you may have knowledge about the topic but you may be short of words that you can use to explain your point.

If you start ignoring this important point while writing the essay and just focus on the length of the essay, it will result in wasting your time.

Here we are going to talk in detail about how to write an informative essay but before that, we will give an overview of the informative essay and the main points in the instructive content.

What is An Informative Essay?

In simple terms, an informative essay is a piece of writing in which you have to provide in-depth information about the topic to your reader.

To make your point of view clear to the readers, you will have to justify your ideas with examples. 

This is an amazing technique to win your argument and make the lines more interesting.

Moreover, in an informational essay format, you can never share such ideas that are not true in actuality.

Otherwise, it will reduce the worth of your content and force the readers to leave your page.

If we dive deep, we can get a lot of other types of informative essays that can help in providing information to the readers.

Let’s say you are going to talk about an event or any situation that can be new for the readers, such an essay is called a descriptive essay.

Similarly, sometimes you will have to compare two elements in the essay which can make the content a bit complicated. 

So, you can name it a complicated informative essay.

Regardless of all the types of informative essays, you will have to follow a simple structure. 

The main theme should be to deliver the information to the readers and make the lines productive for them.

Points to Focus on Before You Start Writing the Essay

Before you start writing the essay, there are some important elements that you need to focus on as they will help in explaining your thoughts and making the lines easy to read.

No matter if you are making an informative essay outline or just writing a simple short essay content, you will have to follow some rules.

It may also happen that you don’t understand the points that can help you in generating an informative essay.

So, here you can ask our essay writing service for help. 

We will assist you in writing content that will be full of information and can keep the readers engaged.

You just have to place the order here and mention the guidelines that should be followed in the content.

 We will provide you with the essay before the deadline.

However, if you are willing to write it by yourself, then you need to remember these crucial points discussed below.

• Go through the instructions

Before you start the essay writing process it is very important to read the guidelines thoroughly and get an idea about the topic and its intent.

When you start writing the informative essay introduction, it will be quite important for you to have knowledge about the topic guiding principle that you will follow in the content.

This will help you to cover the entire essay comprehensively and avoid any irrelevant lines in the content that could disturb the readers at any point.

• Brainstorm your ideas

Once you go through all the instructions for the essay, next you have to brainstorm the ideas. 

For it, you will have to read the thoughts of other authors.

Let’s say you are going to write on a topic related to automobiles, you have to search for topics related to the auto industry and read the articles there.

This will help you gather the information about the content that you will add to your informative essay and make it interesting for everyone.

• Follow a proper structure

The next step is to start writing the essay and for it, you have to make the outlines of the entire dissertation.

With the i nformative essay outline, you can make the text easy to read. 

This is an amazing trick that you can apply to keep the readers engaged.

You have to add headings and subheadings in the content so that the readers can move from section to section and read the content accordingly.

This will also keep you restricted from adding irrelevant ideas to the content and keep it to the point.

• Use simple terms in the essay

One thing that you always need to make sure of is that you must avoid fancy terms in the content. 

That means each of the lines should be simple to read and understand.

If you start using difficult ideas in your informative essay, it may create an issue for the readers and they may find it hard to understand the intent of the lines.

Therefore, you have to make sure that the text you add should be easily understandable for everyone.

Wrapping Up

If you have deep knowledge about the topic on which you are going to write, it will never be difficult for you to generate an informative essay.

In this article, we have explained in detail how to write an informative essay. 

This content will be quite helpful for composing such content that could be full of information.

However, you can also get the informational essay format from our academic writing service so that you can have an idea about the content.

Here you can get the content of your choice in a very short time which can be quite helpful for you in brainstorming your ideas as well as getting better grades on the exams.

Place your order now and get all these features for free:

Originality Report

Unlimited edits, the best writer, get all these features for.

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Planning and Presenting an Informative Speech

In this guide, you can learn about the purposes and types of informative speeches, about writing and delivering informative speeches, and about the parts of informative speeches.

Purposes of Informative Speaking

Informative speaking offers you an opportunity to practice your researching, writing, organizing, and speaking skills. You will learn how to discover and present information clearly. If you take the time to thoroughly research and understand your topic, to create a clearly organized speech, and to practice an enthusiastic, dynamic style of delivery, you can be an effective "teacher" during your informative speech. Finally, you will get a chance to practice a type of speaking you will undoubtedly use later in your professional career.

The purpose of the informative speech is to provide interesting, useful, and unique information to your audience. By dedicating yourself to the goals of providing information and appealing to your audience, you can take a positive step toward succeeding in your efforts as an informative speaker.

Major Types of Informative Speeches

In this guide, we focus on informative speeches about:

These categories provide an effective method of organizing and evaluating informative speeches. Although they are not absolute, these categories provide a useful starting point for work on your speech.

In general, you will use four major types of informative speeches. While you can classify informative speeches many ways, the speech you deliver will fit into one of four major categories.

Speeches about Objects

Speeches about objects focus on things existing in the world. Objects include, among other things, people, places, animals, or products.

Because you are speaking under time constraints, you cannot discuss any topic in its entirety. Instead, limit your speech to a focused discussion of some aspect of your topic.

Some example topics for speeches about objects include: the Central Intelligence Agency, tombstones, surgical lasers, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the pituitary gland, and lemmings.

To focus these topics, you could give a speech about Franklin Delano Roosevelt and efforts to conceal how he suffered from polio while he was in office. Or, a speech about tombstones could focus on the creation and original designs of grave markers.

Speeches about Processes

Speeches about processes focus on patterns of action. One type of speech about processes, the demonstration speech, teaches people "how-to" perform a process. More frequently, however, you will use process speeches to explain a process in broader terms. This way, the audience is more likely to understand the importance or the context of the process.

A speech about how milk is pasteurized would not teach the audience how to milk cows. Rather, this speech could help audience members understand the process by making explicit connections between patterns of action (the pasteurization process) and outcomes (a safe milk supply).

Other examples of speeches about processes include: how the Internet works (not "how to work the Internet"), how to construct a good informative speech, and how to research the job market. As with any speech, be sure to limit your discussion to information you can explain clearly and completely within time constraints.

Speeches about Events

Speeches about events focus on things that happened, are happening, or will happen. When speaking about an event, remember to relate the topic to your audience. A speech chronicling history is informative, but you should adapt the information to your audience and provide them with some way to use the information. As always, limit your focus to those aspects of an event that can be adequately discussed within the time limitations of your assignment.

Examples of speeches about events include: the 1963 Civil Rights March on Washington, Groundhog's Day, the Battle of the Bulge, the World Series, and the 2000 Presidential Elections.

Speeches about Concepts

Speeches about concepts focus on beliefs, ideas, and theories. While speeches about objects, processes, and events are fairly concrete, speeches about concepts are more abstract. Take care to be clear and understandable when creating and presenting a speech about a concept. When selecting a concept, remember you are crafting an informative speech. Often, speeches about concepts take on a persuasive tone. Focus your efforts toward providing unbiased information and refrain from making arguments. Because concepts can be vague and involved, limit your speech to aspects that can be readily explained and understood within the time limits.

Some examples of topics for concept speeches include: democracy, Taoism, principles of feminism, the philosophy of non-violent protest, and the Big Bang theory.

Strategies for Selecting a Topic

In many cases, circumstances will dictate the topic of your speech. However, if the topic has not been assigned or if you are having difficulty figuring out how to frame your topic as an informative speech,the following may be useful.

Begin by thinking of your interests. If you have always loved art, contemplate possible topics dealing with famous artists, art works, or different types of art. If you are employed, think of aspects of your job or aspects of your employer's business that would be interesting to talk about. While you cannot substitute personal experience for detailed research, your own experience can supplement your research and add vitality to your presentation. Choose one of the items below to learn more about selecting a topic.

Learn More about an Unfamiliar Topic

You may benefit more by selecting an unfamiliar topic that interests you. You can challenge yourself by choosing a topic you'd like to learn about and to help others understand it. If the Buddhist religion has always been an interesting and mysterious topic to you, research the topic and create a speech that offers an understandable introduction to the religion. Remember to adapt Buddhism to your audience and tell them why you think this information is useful to them. By taking this approach, you can learn something new and learn how to synthesize new information for your audience.

Think about Previous Classes

You might find a topic by thinking of classes you have taken. Think back to concepts covered in those classes and consider whether they would serve as unique, interesting, and enlightening topics for the informative speech. In astronomy, you learned about red giants. In history, you learned about Napoleon. In political science, you learned about The Federalist Papers. Past classes serve as rich resources for informative speech topics. If you make this choice, use your class notes and textbook as a starting point. To fully develop the content, you will need to do extensive research and perhaps even a few interviews.

Talk to Others

Topic selection does not have to be an individual effort. Spend time talking about potential topics with classmates or friends. This method can be extremely effective because other people can stimulate further ideas when you get stuck. When you use this method, always keep the basic requirements and the audience in mind. Just because you and your friend think home-brew is a great topic does not mean it will enthrall your audience or impress your instructor. While you talk with your classmates or friends, jot notes about potential topics and create a master list when you exhaust the possibilities. From this list, choose a topic with intellectual merit, originality, and potential to entertain while informing.

Framing a Thesis Statement

Once you settle on a topic, you need to frame a thesis statement. Framing a thesis statement allows you to narrow your topic, and in turns allows you to focus your research in this specific area, saving you time and trouble in the process.

Selecting a topic and focusing it into a thesis statement can be a difficult process. Fortunately, a number of useful strategies are available to you.

Thesis Statement Purpose

The thesis statement is crucial for clearly communicating your topic and purpose to the audience. Be sure to make the statement clear, concise, and easy to remember. Deliver it to the audience and use verbal and nonverbal illustrations to make it stand out.

Strategies For Framing a Thesis Statement

Focus on a specific aspect of your topic and phrase the thesis statement in one clear, concise, complete sentence, focusing on the audience. This sentence sets a goal for the speech. For example, in a speech about art, the thesis statement might be: "The purpose of this speech is to inform my audience about the early works of Vincent van Gogh." This statement establishes that the speech will inform the audience about the early works of one great artist. The thesis statement is worded conversationally and included in the delivery of the speech.

Thesis Statement and Audience

The thesis appears in the introduction of the speech so that the audience immediately realizes the speaker's topic and goal. Whatever the topic may be, you should attempt to create a clear, focused thesis statement that stands out and could be repeated by every member of your audience. It is important to refer to the audience in the thesis statement; when you look back at the thesis for direction, or when the audience hears the thesis, it should be clear that the most important goal of your speech is to inform the audience about your topic. While the focus and pressure will be on you as a speaker, you should always remember that the audience is the reason for presenting a public speech.

Avoid being too trivial or basic for the average audience member. At the same time, avoid being too technical for the average audience member. Be sure to use specific, concrete terms that clearly establish the focus of your speech.

Thesis Statement and Delivery

When creating the thesis statement, be sure to use a full sentence and frame that sentence as a statement, not as a question. The full sentence, "The purpose of this speech is to inform my audience about the early works of Vincent van Gogh," provides clear direction for the speech, whereas the fragment "van Gogh" says very little about the purpose of the speech. Similarly, the question "Who was Vincent van Gogh?" does not adequately indicate the direction the speech will take or what the speaker hopes to accomplish.

If you limit your thesis statement to one distinct aspect of the larger topic, you are more likely to be understood and to meet the time constraints.

Researching Your Topic

As you begin to work on your informative speech, you will find that you need to gather additional information. Your instructor will most likely require that you locate relevant materials in the library and cite those materials in your speech. In this section, we discuss the process of researching your topic and thesis.

Conducting research for a major informative speech can be a daunting task. In this section, we discuss a number of strategies and techniques that you can use to gather and organize source materials for your speech.

Gathering Materials

Gathering materials can be a daunting task. You may want to do some research before you choose a topic. Once you have a topic, you have many options for finding information. You can conduct interviews, write or call for information from a clearinghouse or public relations office, and consult books, magazines, journals, newspapers, television and radio programs, and government documents. The library will probably be your primary source of information. You can use many of the libraries databases or talk to a reference librarian to learn how to conduct efficient research.

Taking Notes

While doing your research, you may want to carry notecards. When you come across a useful passage, copy the source and the information onto the notecard or copy and paste the information. You should maintain a working bibliography as you research so you always know which sources you have consulted and so the process of writing citations into the speech and creating the bibliography will be easier. You'll need to determine what information-recording strategies work best for you. Talk to other students, instructors, and librarians to get tips on conducting efficient research. Spend time refining your system and you will soon be able to focus on the information instead of the record-keeping tasks.

Citing Sources Within Your Speech

Consult with your instructor to determine how much research/source information should be included in your speech. Realize that a source citation within your speech is defined as a reference to or quotation from material you have gathered during your research and an acknowledgement of the source. For example, within your speech you might say: "As John W. Bobbitt said in the December 22, 1993, edition of the Denver Post , 'Ouch!'" In this case, you have included a direct quotation and provided the source of the quotation. If you do not quote someone, you might say: "After the first week of the 1995 baseball season, attendance was down 13.5% from 1994. This statistic appeared in the May 7, 1995, edition of the Denver Post ." Whatever the case, whenever you use someone else's ideas, thoughts, or words, you must provide a source citation to give proper credit to the creator of the information. Failure to cite sources can be interpreted as plagiarism which is a serious offense. Upon review of the specific case, plagiarism can result in failure of the assignment, the course, or even dismissal from the University. Take care to cite your sources and give credit where it is due.

Creating Your Bibliography

As with all aspects of your speech, be sure to check with your instructor to get specific details about the assignment.

Generally, the bibliography includes only those sources you cited during the speech. Don't pad the bibliography with every source you read, saw on the shelf, or heard of from friends. When you create the bibliography, you should simply go through your complete sentence outline and list each source you cite. This is also a good way to check if you have included enough reference material within the speech. You will need to alphabetize the bibiography by authors last name and include the following information: author's name, article title, publication title, volume, date, page number(s). You may need to include additional information; you need to talk with your instructor to confirm the required bibliographical format.

Some Cautions

When doing research, use caution in choosing your sources. You need to determine which sources are more credible than others and attempt to use a wide variety of materials. The broader the scope of your research, the more impressive and believable your information. You should draw from different sources (e.g., a variety of magazines-- Time, Newsweek, US News & World Report, National Review, Mother Jones ) as well as different types of sources (i.e., use interviews, newspapers, periodicals, and books instead of just newspapers). The greater your variety, the more apparent your hard work and effort will be. Solid research skills result in increased credibility and effectiveness for the speaker.

Structuring an Informative Speech

Typically, informative speeches have three parts:

Introduction

In this section, we discuss the three parts of an informative speech, calling attention to specific elements that can enhance the effectiveness of your speech. As a speaker, you will want to create a clear structure for your speech. In this section, you will find discussions of the major parts of the informative speech.

The introduction sets the tone of the entire speech. The introduction should be brief and to-the-point as it accomplishes these several important tasks. Typically, there are six main components of an effective introduction:

Attention Getters

Thesis statement, audience adaptation, credibility statement, transition to the body.

As in any social situation, your audience makes strong assumptions about you during the first eight or ten seconds of your speech. For this reason, you need to start solidly and launch the topic clearly. Focus your efforts on completing these tasks and moving on to the real information (the body) of the speech. Typically, there are six main components of an effective introduction. These tasks do not have to be handled in this order, but this layout often yields the best results.

The attention-getter is designed to intrigue the audience members and to motivate them to listen attentively for the next several minutes. There are infinite possibilities for attention-getting devices. Some of the more common devices include using a story, a rhetorical question, or a quotation. While any of these devices can be effective, it is important for you to spend time strategizing, creating, and practicing the attention-getter.

Most importantly, an attention-getter should create curiosity in the minds of your listeners and convince them that the speech will be interesting and useful. The wording of your attention-getter should be refined and practiced. Be sure to consider the mood/tone of your speech; determine the appropriateness of humor, emotion, aggressiveness, etc. Not only should the words get the audiences attention, but your delivery should be smooth and confident to let the audience know that you are a skilled speaker who is prepared for this speech.

The crowd was wild. The music was booming. The sun was shining. The cash registers were ringing.

This story-like re-creation of the scene at a Farm Aid concert serves to engage the audience and causes them to think about the situation you are describing. Touching stories or stories that make audience members feel involved with the topic serve as good attention-getters. You should tell a story with feeling and deliver it directly to the audience instead of reading it off your notecards.

Example Text : One dark summer night in 1849, a young woman in her 20's left Bucktown, Maryland, and followed the North Star. What was her name? Harriet Tubman. She went back some 19 times to rescue her fellow slaves. And as James Blockson relates in a 1984 issue of National Geographic , by the end of her career, she had a $40,000.00 price on her head. This was quite a compliment from her enemies (Blockson 22).

Rhetorical Question

Rhetorical questions are questions designed to arouse curiosity without requiring an answer. Either the answer will be obvious, or if it isn't apparent, the question will arouse curiosity until the presentation provides the answer.

An example of a rhetorical question to gain the audiences attention for a speech about fly-fishing is, "Have you ever stood in a freezing river at 5 o'clock in the morning by choice?"

Example Text: Have you ever heard of a railroad with no tracks, with secret stations, and whose conductors were considered criminals?

A quotation from a famous person or from an expert on your topic can gain the attention of the audience. The use of a quotation immediately launches you into the speech and focuses the audience on your topic area. If it is from a well-known source, cite the author first. If the source is obscure, begin with the quote itself.

Example Text : "No day dawns for the slave, nor is it looked for. It is all night--night forever . . . ." (Pause) This quote was taken from Jermain Loguen, a fugitive who was the son of his Tennessee master and a slave woman.

Unusual Statement

Making a statement that is unusual to the ears of your listeners is another possibility for gaining their attention.

Example Text : "Follow the drinking gourd. That's what I said, friend, follow the drinking gourd." This phrase was used by slaves as a coded message to mean the Big Dipper, which revealed the North Star, and pointed toward freedom.

You might chose to use tasteful humor which relates to the topic as an effective way to attract the audience both to you and the subject at hand.

Example Text : "I'm feeling boxed in." [PAUSE] I'm not sure, but these may have been Henry "Box" Brown's very words after being placed on his head inside a box which measured 3 feet by 2 feet by 2 1\2 feet for what seemed to him like "an hour and a half." He was shipped by Adams Express to freedom in Philadelphia (Brown 60,92; Still 10).

Shocking Statistic

Another possibility to consider is the use of a factual statistic intended to grab your listener's attention. As you research the topic you've picked, keep your eyes open for statistics that will have impact.

Example Text : Today, John Elway's talents are worth millions, but in 1840 the price of a human life, a slave, was worth $1,000.00.

Example Text : Today I'd like to tell you about the Underground Railroad.

In your introduction, you need to adapt your speech to your audience. To keep audience members interested, tell them why your topic is important to them. To accomplish this task, you need to undertake audience analysis prior to creating the speech. Figure out who your audience members are, what things are important to them, what their biases may be, and what types of subjects/issues appeal to them. In the context of this class, some of your audience analysis is provided for you--most of your listeners are college students, so it is likely that they place some value on education, most of them are probably not bathing in money, and they live in Colorado. Consider these traits when you determine how to adapt to your audience.

As you research and write your speech, take note of references to issues that should be important to your audience. Include statements about aspects of your speech that you think will be of special interest to the audience in the introduction. By accomplishing this task, you give your listeners specific things with which they can identify. Audience adaptation will be included throughout the speech, but an effective introduction requires meaningful adaptation of the topic to the audience.

You need to find ways to get the members of your audience involved early in the speech. The following are some possible options to connect your speech to your audience:

Reference to the Occasion

Consider how the occasion itself might present an opportunity to heighten audience receptivity. Remind your listeners of an important date just passed or coming soon.

Example Text : This January will mark the 130th anniversary of a "giant interracial rally" organized by William Still which helped to end streetcar segregation in the city of Philadelphia (Katz i).

Reference to the Previous Speaker

Another possibility is to refer to a previous speaker to capitalize on the good will which already has been established or to build on the information presented.

Example Text : As Alice pointed out last week in her speech on the Olympic games of the ancient world, history can provide us with fascinating lessons.

The credibility statement establishes your qualifications as a speaker. You should come up with reasons why you are someone to listen to on this topic. Why do you have special knowledge or understanding of this topic? What can the audience learn from you that they couldn't learn from someone else? Credibility statements can refer to your extensive research on a topic, your life-long interest in an issue, your personal experience with a thing, or your desire to better the lives of your listeners by sifting through the topic and providing the crucial information.

Remember that Aristotle said that credibility, or ethos, consists of good sense, goodwill, and good moral character. Create the feeling that you possess these qualities by creatively stating that you are well-educated about the topic (good sense), that you want to help each member of the audience (goodwill), and that you are a decent person who can be trusted (good moral character). Once you establish your credibility, the audience is more likely to listen to you as something of an expert and to consider what you say to be the truth. It is often effective to include further references to your credibility throughout the speech by subtly referring to the traits mentioned above.

Show your listeners that you are qualified to speak by making a specific reference to a helpful resource. This is one way to demonstrate competence.

Example Text : In doing research for this topic, I came across an account written by one of these heroes that has deepened my understanding of the institution of slavery. Frederick Douglass', My Bondage and My Freedom, is the account of a man whose master's kindness made his slavery only more unbearable.

Your listeners want to believe that you have their best interests in mind. In the case of an informative speech, it is enough to assure them that this will be an interesting speech and that you, yourself, are enthusiastic about the topic.

Example Text : I hope you'll enjoy hearing about the heroism of the Underground Railroad as much as I have enjoyed preparing for this speech.

Preview the Main Points

The preview informs the audience about the speech's main points. You should preview every main body point and identify each as a separate piece of the body. The purpose of this preview is to let the audience members prepare themselves for the flow of the speech; therefore, you should word the preview clearly and concisely. Attempt to use parallel structure for each part of the preview and avoid delving into the main point; simply tell the audience what the main point will be about in general.

Use the preview to briefly establish your structure and then move on. Let the audience get a taste of how you will divide the topic and fulfill the thesis and then move on. This important tool will reinforce the information in the minds of your listeners. Here are two examples of a preview:

Simply identify the main points of the speech. Cover them in the same order that they will appear in the body of the presentation.

For example, the preview for a speech about kites organized topically might take this form: "First, I will inform you about the invention of the kite. Then, I will explain the evolution of the kite. Third, I will introduce you to the different types of kites. Finally, I will inform you about various uses for kites." Notice that this preview avoids digressions (e.g., listing the various uses for kites); you will take care of the deeper information within the body of the speech.

Example Text : I'll tell you about motivations and means of escape employed by fugitive slaves.

Chronological

For example, the preview for a speech about the Pony Express organized chronologically might take this form: "I'll talk about the Pony Express in three parts. First, its origins, second, its heyday, and third, how it came to an end." Notice that this preview avoids digressions (e.g., listing the reasons why the Pony Express came to an end); you will cover the deeper information within the body of the speech.

Example Text : I'll talk about it in three parts. First, its origins, second, its heyday, and third, how it came to an end.

After you accomplish the first five components of the introduction, you should make a clean transition to the body of the speech. Use this transition to signal a change and prepare the audience to begin processing specific topical information. You should round out the introduction, reinforce the excitement and interest that you created in the audience during the introduction, and slide into the first main body point.

Strategic organization helps increase the clarity and effectiveness of your speech. Four key issues are discussed in this section:

Organizational Patterns

Connective devices, references to outside research.

The body contains the bulk of information in your speech and needs to be clearly organized. Without clear organization, the audience will probably forget your information, main points, perhaps even your thesis. Some simple strategies will help you create a clear, memorable speech. Below are the four key issues used in organizing a speech.

Once you settle on a topic, you should decide which aspects of that topic are of greatest importance for your speech. These aspects become your main points. While there is no rule about how many main points should appear in the body of the speech, most students go with three main points. You must have at least two main points; aside from that rule, you should select your main points based on the importance of the information and the time limitations. Be sure to include whatever information is necessary for the audience to understand your topic. Also, be sure to synthesize the information so it fits into the assigned time frame. As you choose your main points, try to give each point equal attention within the speech. If you pick three main points, each point should take up roughly one-third of the body section of your speech.

There are four basic patterns of organization for an informative speech.

• Chronological order
• Spatial order
• Causal order
• Topical order

There are four basic patterns of organization for an informative speech. You can choose any of these patterns based on which pattern serves the needs of your speech.

Chronological Order

A speech organized chronologically has main points oriented toward time. For example, a speech about the Farm Aid benefit concert could have main points organized chronologically. The first main point focuses on the creation of the event; the second main point focuses on the planning stages; the third point focuses on the actual performance/concert; and the fourth point focuses on donations and assistance that resulted from the entire process. In this format, you discuss main points in an order that could be followed on a calendar or a clock.

Spatial Order

A speech organized spatially has main points oriented toward space or a directional pattern. The Farm Aid speech's body could be organized in spatial order. The first main point discusses the New York branch of the organization; the second main point discusses the Midwest branch; the third main point discusses the California branch of Farm Aid. In this format, you discuss main points in an order that could be traced on a map.

Causal Order

A speech organized causally has main points oriented toward cause and effect. The main points of a Farm Aid speech organized causally could look like this: the first main point informs about problems on farms and the need for monetary assistance; the second main point discusses the creation and implementation of the Farm Aid program. In this format, you discuss main points in an order that alerts the audience to a problem or circumstance and then tells the audience what action resulted from the original circumstance.

Topical Order

A speech organized topically has main points organized more randomly by sub-topics. The Farm Aid speech could be organized topically: the first main point discusses Farm Aid administrators; the second main point discusses performers; the third main point discusses sponsors; the fourth main point discusses audiences. In this format, you discuss main points in a more random order that labels specific aspects of the topic and addresses them in separate categories. Most speeches that are not organized chronologically, spatially, or causally are organized topically.

Within the body of your speech, you need clear internal structure. Connectives are devices used to create a clear flow between ideas and points within the body of your speech--they serve to tie the speech together. There are four main types of connective devices:

Transitions

Internal previews, internal summaries.

Within the body of your speech, you need clear internal structure. Think of connectives as hooks and ladders for the audience to use when moving from point-to-point within the body of your speech. These devices help re-focus the minds of audience members and remind them of which main point your information is supporting. The four main types of connective devices are:

Transitions are brief statements that tell the audience to shift gears between ideas. Transitions serve as the glue that holds the speech together and allow the audience to predict where the next portion of the speech will go. For example, once you have previewed your main points and you want to move from the introduction to the body of the Farm Aid speech, you might say: "To gain an adequate understanding of the intricacies of this philanthropic group, we need to look at some specific information about Farm Aid. We'll begin by looking at the administrative branch of this massive fund-raising organization."

Internal previews are used to preview the parts of a main point. Internal previews are more focused than, but serve the same purpose as, the preview you will use in the introduction of the speech. For example, you might create an internal preview for the complex main point dealing with Farm Aid performers: "In examining the Farm Aid performers, we must acknowledge the presence of entertainers from different genres of music--country and western, rhythm and blues, rock, and pop." The internal preview provides specific information for the audience if a main point is complex or potentially confusing.

Internal summaries are the reverse of internal previews. Internal summaries restate specific parts of a main point. To internally summarize the main point dealing with Farm Aid performers, you might say: "You now know what types of people perform at the Farm Aid benefit concerts. The entertainers come from a wide range of musical genres--country and western, rhythm and blues, rock, and pop." When using both internal previews and internal summaries, be sure to stylize the language in each so you do not become redundant.

Signposts are brief statements that remind the audience where you are within the speech. If you have a long point, you may want to remind the audience of what main point you are on: "Continuing my discussion of Farm Aid performers . . . "

When organizing the body of your speech, you will integrate several references to your research. The purpose of the informative speech is to allow you and the audience to learn something new about a topic. Additionally, source citations add credibility to your ideas. If you know a lot about rock climbing and you cite several sources who confirm your knowledge, the audience is likely to see you as a credible speaker who provides ample support for ideas.

Without these references, your speech is more like a story or a chance for you to say a few things you know. To complete this assignment satisfactorily, you must use source citations. Consult your textbook and instructor for specific information on how much supporting material you should use and about the appropriate style for source citations.

While the conclusion should be brief and tight, it has a few specific tasks to accomplish:

Re-assert/Reinforce the Thesis

Review the main points, close effectively.

Take a deep breath! If you made it to the conclusion, you are on the brink of finishing. Below are the tasks you should complete in your conclusion:

When making the transition to the conclusion, attempt to make clear distinctions (verbally and nonverbally) that you are now wrapping up the information and providing final comments about the topic. Refer back to the thesis from the introduction with wording that calls the original thesis into memory. Assert that you have accomplished the goals of your thesis statement and create the feeling that audience members who actively considered your information are now equipped with an understanding of your topic. Reinforce whatever mood/tone you chose for the speech and attempt to create a big picture of the speech.

Within the conclusion, re-state the main points of the speech. Since you have used parallel wording for your main points in the introduction and body, don't break that consistency in the conclusion. Frame the review so the audience will be reminded of the preview and the developed discussion of each main point. After the review, you may want to create a statement about why those main points fulfilled the goals of the speech.

Finish strongly. When you close your speech, craft statements that reinforce the message and leave the audience with a clear feeling about what was accomplished with your speech. You might finalize the adaptation by discussing the benefits of listening to the speech and explaining what you think audience members can do with the information.

Remember to maintain an informative tone for this speech. You should not persuade about beliefs or positions; rather, you should persuade the audience that the speech was worthwhile and useful. For greatest effect, create a closing line or paragraph that is artistic and effective. Much like the attention-getter, the closing line needs to be refined and practiced. Your close should stick with the audience and leave them interested in your topic. Take time to work on writing the close well and attempt to memorize it so you can directly address the audience and leave them thinking of you as a well-prepared, confident speaker.

Outlining an Informative Speech

Two types of outlines can help you prepare to deliver your speech. The complete sentence outline provides a useful means of checking the organization and content of your speech. The speaking outline is an essential aid for delivering your speech. In this section, we discuss both types of outlines.

Two types of outlines can help you prepare to deliver your speech. The complete sentence outline provides a useful means of checking the organization and content of your speech. The speaking outline is an essential aid for delivering your speech.

The Complete Sentence Outline

A complete sentence outline may not be required for your presentation. The following information is useful, however, in helping you prepare your speech.

The complete sentence outline helps you organize your material and thoughts and it serves as an excellent copy for editing the speech. The complete sentence outline is just what it sounds like: an outline format including every complete sentence (not fragments or keywords) that will be delivered during your speech.

Writing the Outline

You should create headings for the introduction, body, and conclusion and clearly signal shifts between these main speech parts on the outline. Use standard outline format. For instance, you can use Roman numerals, letters, and numbers to label the parts of the outline. Organize the information so the major headings contain general information and the sub-headings become more specific as they descend. Think of the outline as a funnel: you should make broad, general claims at the top of each part of the outline and then tighten the information until you have exhausted the point. Do this with each section of the outline. Be sure to consult with your instructor about specific aspects of the outline and refer to your course book for further information and examples.

Using the Outline

If you use this outline as it is designed to be used, you will benefit from it. You should start the outline well before your speech day and give yourself plenty of time to revise it. Attempt to have the final, clean copies ready two or three days ahead of time, so you can spend a day or two before your speech working on delivery. Prepare the outline as if it were a final term paper.

The Speaking Outline

Depending upon the assignment and the instructor, you may use a speaking outline during your presentation. The following information will be helpful in preparing your speech through the use of a speaking outline.

This outline should be on notecards and should be a bare bones outline taken from the complete sentence outline. Think of the speaking outline as train tracks to guide you through the speech.

Many speakers find it helpful to highlight certain words/passages or to use different colors for different parts of the speech. You will probably want to write out long or cumbersome quotations along with your source citation. Many times, the hardest passages to learn are those you did not write but were spoken by someone else. Avoid the temptation to over-do the speaking outline; many speakers write too much on the cards and their grades suffer because they read from the cards.

The best strategy for becoming comfortable with a speaking outline is preparation. You should prepare well ahead of time and spend time working with the notecards and memorizing key sections of your speech (the introduction and conclusion, in particular). Try to become comfortable with the extemporaneous style of speaking. You should be able to look at a few keywords on your outline and deliver eloquent sentences because you are so familiar with your material. You should spend approximately 80% of your speech making eye-contact with your audience.

Delivering an Informative Speech

For many speakers, delivery is the most intimidating aspect of public speaking. Although there is no known cure for nervousness, you can make yourself much more comfortable by following a few basic delivery guidelines. In this section, we discuss those guidelines.

The Five-Step Method for Improving Delivery

• Read aloud your full-sentence outline. Listen to what you are saying and adjust your language to achieve a good, clear, simple sentence structure.
• Practice the speech repeatedly from the speaking outline. Become comfortable with your keywords to the point that what you say takes the form of an easy, natural conversation.
• Practice the speech aloud...rehearse it until you are confident you have mastered the ideas you want to present. Do not be concerned about "getting it just right." Once you know the content, you will find the way that is most comfortable for you.
• Practice in front of a mirror, tape record your practice, and/or present your speech to a friend. You are looking for feedback on rate of delivery, volume, pitch, non-verbal cues (gestures, card-usage, etc.), and eye-contact.
• Do a dress rehearsal of the speech under conditions as close as possible to those of the actual speech. Practice the speech a day or two before in a classroom. Be sure to incorporate as many elements as possible in the dress rehearsal...especially visual aids.

It should be clear that coping with anxiety over delivering a speech requires significant advanced preparation. The speech needs to be completed several days beforehand so that you can effectively employ this five-step plan.

Anderson, Thad, & Ron Tajchman. (1994). Informative Speaking. Writing@CSU . Colorado State University. https://writing.colostate.edu/guides/guide.cfm?guideid=52

How to Write an Essay about a Person

In this tutorial you will learn how to write a biographical essay – an essay about a person.  

This method will work for writing about anyone:

• Your friend or a loved one
• A public or historical figure
• Anyone else you respect and admire.

How to Structure a Biographical Essay 

The biggest challenge in writing a biography essay is coming up with material. And the easiest way to keep your ideas flowing is to break your topic into subtopics.

Do you recall the saying, “Divide and conquer?” This military concept states that in order to conquer a nation, you must divide it first. 

We’ll use this idea in our approach to writing about a person. Remember, a person, a human being is our main subject in a biographical essay. 

And to discuss a person effectively, we must “divide” him or her. 

How would we go about dividing our subject into subtopics?

The Power of Three

The easiest way to break up any subject or any topic is to use the Power of Three. 

When you have just one subject, undivided, that’s a recipe for being stuck. Dividing into two is progress. 

But three main supporting ideas, which correspond to three main sections of your essay, are the perfect number that always works. 

Note that the three supporting points should also be reflected in your thesis statement . 

Let’s see how it would work when talking about a person.

What does any person have? What are the aspects of any human being?

Any person has emotions. 

In fact, humans are very emotional creatures. This part deals with how the person feels. 

This section or part of the essay will answer some of the following questions: 

“How emotional is this person in her decision making?”

“What emotions predominate in this person? Is this person predominantly positive or negative? Calm or passionate?”

You can discuss more than one emotion with regards to this person.

Any person has an intellect.

The intellect is the ability to think rather than feel. This is an important difference. 

Something that is very important to remember when dividing your topic into subtopics is to make sure that each subtopic is different from the others. 

Thinking is definitely different from feeling , although they are related because they are both parts of human psychology. 

This part of the essay will answer the questions:

“How smart is this person?”

“How is this person’s decision making affected by her intellect or logic?”

“What intellectual endeavors does this person pursue?”

Any person has a body, a physicality.

This sounds obvious, but this is an important aspect of any human being about whom you choose to write. 

This part of your essay answers these questions:

“What are this person’s physical attributes or qualities?”

“How do this person’s physical qualities affect her and others?”

“How do they affect her life?”

“Is this person primarily healthy or not?”

And there are many more questions you can ask about this person’s physicality or physical body. 

As a result of dividing our subject into three distinct parts, we now have a clear picture of the main structure of this essay.

Another Way to Divide a Subject – Change

Another great way to talk about a person is to discuss a change, any kind of a change. 

Change as an idea lends itself very well to the Power of Three because it involves three parts. 

Think of a person who has lost weight, for example. What are the three parts of that change?

First, it’s how much the person weighed in the past, before the change. Second, it is the agent of change, such as an exercise program. And third, it is the result; it’s how much the person weighs after the change has happened. 

This structure is applicable to any kind of a change. 

In this part of the essay, you can discuss anything that is relevant to the way things were before the change took place. It’s the “before” picture.

Some of the questions to ask are:  

“How did this person use to be in the past?”

“How did the old state of things affect her life?”

The Agent of Change

This can be anything that brought about the change. In the case of weight loss, this could be a diet or an exercise program. In the case of education, this could be college. 

Some of the question to ask are the following:

“What happened? What are the events or factors that made this person change?”

“What actually brought about the change in this person?”

Maybe the person went to college, and college life changed this person.

Maybe this person went to prison. That can change a person’s life for the better or worse. 

Maybe she underwent some interesting sort of a transformation, such as childbirth or a passing of a loved one. It could even be a car accident or some other serious health hazard. 

The Present

This is the “after” picture. In this section, you would describe the state of this person after the change has taken place. 

This part of the essay would answer the questions: 

“How is this person now?”

“What has changed?”

Note that the resulting change doesn’t have to be set in the present day. This change could have happened to a historical figure, and both the “before” and “after” would be in the past. 

And there you have it. You have three parts or three sections, based on some kind of a change. 

This is a wonderful way to discuss any person, especially if you’re writing a biography of a public or historical figure.

A Third Way to Divide a Subject – Personal Qualities

A great way to discuss a person, especially someone you know personally, is to talk about their qualities of character. 

A person can have many character qualities. And in this case, the Power of Three helps you narrow them down to three of the most prominent ones. 

Let’s pick three personal qualities of someone you might know personally.

In this section, you could simply provide examples of this person showing courage in times of trouble. 

Here, you would talk about the goals and dreams this person has and how she plans to achieve them. 

Here, just provide examples of acts of kindness performed by this person. 

Three major qualities like these are enough to paint a pretty thorough picture of a person. 

Discussing personal qualities is a great way to add content to your biographical essay. And it works in a discussion of any human being, from a friend to a distant historical figure. 

How to Write a Longer Biography Essay

At this point, you have all the building blocks to write an excellent essay about a person. 

By the way, if you struggle with essay writing in general, I wrote a detailed guide to essay writing for beginners . 

In this section, I want to show you how to use what you’ve learned to construct one of those big papers, if that’s what you need to do. 

If you have to write a basic essay of about 600-1000 words, then just use one of the simple structures above. 

However, if you need to write 2,000 – 5,000 words, or even more, then you need a deeper structure. 

To create a deeper, more complex structure of a biography essay while still keeping the process easy to follow, we’ll simply combine structures we have already learned.   

Combining Change and Human Attributes

Let’s say that you decided that your main point will be about this person’s change as a result of some event. 

Then, you will have three main sections, just like I showed you in writing about any change. 

In effect, you will be discussing:

• How this person was in the past (before the change)
• The actual change
• What happened as the result

You now have divided your essay into three parts. And now, you can use the Power of Three again to divide each main section into subsections.  

Section 1. You can talk about how this person was in the past, in terms of:

• Physicality

Section 2. When you talk about change, you can still use the Power of Three.

You can ask the question, “What were the drivers of change?”

You can be even more specific here and ask, “What were the three drivers of change?”

And then you answer that question.

For example, if this person went to college, some of the factors of change could have been:

• The pressure of having to submit work on time.

And those factors changed this person.

Section 3 . As a result of the change, how is this person now, in terms of:

Other Ways to “Divide and Conquer”

Note that there are many more aspects of any person that you can discuss.

Some of them include:

• Outer vs Inner life.
• Personal vs Professional life. 
• Abilities or Skills. 

You can pick any other aspects you can think of. And you can use the Power of Three in any of your sections or subsections to write as much or as little as you need. 

Tips on Writing a Biographical Essay

You can apply any of these techniques to writing about yourself..

When you’re writing about yourself, that’s an autobiographical essay. It is simply a piece of writing in which you reveal something about your life. 

You can take any of the ways we just used to divide a human being or her life into parts and apply them to yourself. 

This can work in a personal statement or a college admissions essay very well. 

Here’s a list of things to narrow your autobiographical essay topic:

• One significant event in your life
• A change that you decided to make
• A person you met who changed your life (or more than one person)
• The biggest lesson you’ve ever received in life
• Your goals and aspirations (talking about the future)

Structure your essay as if it is an argumentative essay.

Most of the research papers and essays you’ve written up to date have probably been expository. This means that you stated an argument and supported it using evidence.

A biographical essay is not necessarily expository. You don’t always have something to argue or prove. You could simply tell the reader a story about yourself or describe a period in your life. 

But you can and probably should still use the structures presented in this tutorial because this will make it much easier for you to organize your thoughts. 

Stay focused on your subject.  

Once you know your structure, just stick to it. For example, if you’ve chosen to talk about a person’s courage, ambition, and kindness, these three qualities will carry your essay as far as you want.

But don’t sneak in another quality here and there, because that will dilute your argument. Be especially careful not to write anything that contradicts your view of this person.

If you use contradictory information, make sure it is a counterargument, which is a great technique to add content. You can learn how to use counterarguments in this video:

Hope this helps. Now go write that biography essay!

How to Write a 300 Word Essay – Simple Tutorial

How to expand an essay – 4 tips to increase the word count, 10 solid essay writing tips to help you improve quickly, essay writing for beginners: 6-step guide with examples, 6 simple ways to improve sentence structure in your essays.

Tutor Phil is an e-learning professional who helps adult learners finish their degrees by teaching them academic writing skills.

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Synonyms of informative

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Thesaurus Definition of informative

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• instructive

informational

• educational
• instructional
• illuminating
• enlightening

informatory

• comprehensive
• explanatory
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• communicatory
• serviceable

Antonyms & Near Antonyms

• uninformative
• impractical
• unenlightening
• unilluminating
• uninstructive

Thesaurus Entries Near informative

informative

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What is ChatGPT? Here's everything you need to know about ChatGPT, the chatbot everyone's still talking about

• ChatGPT is getting a futuristic human update. 
• ChatGPT has drawn users at a feverish pace and spurred Big Tech to release other AI chatbots.
• Here's how ChatGPT works — and what's coming next.

OpenAI's blockbuster chatbot ChatGPT is getting a new update. 

On Monday, OpenAI unveiled GPT-4o for ChatGPT, a new version of the bot that can hold conversations with users in a very human tone. The new version of the chatbot will also have vision abilities.

The futuristic reveal quickly prompted jokes about parallels to the movie "Her," with some calling the chatbot's new voice " cringe ."

The move is a big step for the future of AI-powered virtual assistants, which tech companies have been racing to develop.

Since its release in 2022, hundreds of millions of people have experimented with the tool, which is already changing how the internet looks and feels to users.

Users have flocked to ChatGPT to improve their personal lives and boost productivity . Some workers have used the AI chatbot to develop code , write real estate listings , and create lesson plans, while others have made teaching the best ways to use ChatGPT a career all to itself.

ChatGPT offers dozens of plug-ins to those who subscribe to ChatGPT Plus subscription. An Expedia one can help you book a trip, while an OpenTable one will get nab you a dinner reservation. And last month, OpenAI launched Code Interpreter, a version of ChatGPT that can code and analyze data .

While the personal tone of conversations with an AI bot like ChatGPT can evoke the experience of chatting with a human, the technology, which runs on " large language model tools, " doesn't speak with sentience and doesn't "think" the way people do. 

That means that even though ChatGPT can explain quantum physics or write a poem on command, a full AI takeover isn't exactly imminent , according to experts.

"There's a saying that an infinite number of monkeys will eventually give you Shakespeare," said Matthew Sag, a law professor at Emory University who studies copyright implications for training and using large language models like ChatGPT.

"There's a large number of monkeys here, giving you things that are impressive — but there is intrinsically a difference between the way that humans produce language, and the way that large language models do it," he said. 

Chatbots like ChatGPT are powered by large amounts of data and computing techniques to make predictions to string words together in a meaningful way. They not only tap into a vast amount of vocabulary and information, but also understand words in context. This helps them mimic speech patterns while dispatching an encyclopedic knowledge. 

Other tech companies like Google and Meta have developed their own large language model tools, which use programs that take in human prompts and devise sophisticated responses.

Despite the AI's impressive capabilities, some have called out OpenAI's chatbot for spewing misinformation , stealing personal data for training purposes , and even encouraging students to cheat and plagiarize on their assignments. 

Some recent efforts to use chatbots for real-world services have proved troubling. In 2023, the mental health company Koko came under fire after its founder wrote about how the company used GPT-3 in an experiment to reply to users. 

Koko cofounder Rob Morris hastened to clarify on Twitter that users weren't speaking directly to a chatbot, but that AI was used to "help craft" responses. 

Read Insider's coverage on ChatGPT and some of the strange new ways that both people and companies are using chat bots: 

The tech world's reception to ChatGPT:

Microsoft is chill with employees using ChatGPT — just don't share 'sensitive data' with it.

Microsoft's investment into ChatGPT's creator may be the smartest $1 billion ever spent

ChatGPT and generative AI look like tech's next boom. They could be the next bubble.

The ChatGPT and generative-AI 'gold rush' has founders flocking to San Francisco's 'Cerebral Valley'

Insider's experiments: 

I asked ChatGPT to do my work and write an Insider article for me. It quickly generated an alarmingly convincing article filled with misinformation.

I asked ChatGPT and a human matchmaker to redo my Hinge and Bumble profiles. They helped show me what works.

I asked ChatGPT to reply to my Hinge matches. No one responded.

I used ChatGPT to write a resignation letter. A lawyer said it made one crucial error that could have invalidated the whole thing .

Read ChatGPT's 'insulting' and 'garbage' 'Succession' finale script

An Iowa school district asked ChatGPT if a list of books contains sex scenes, and banned them if it said yes. We put the system to the test and found a bunch of problems.

Developments in detecting ChatGPT: 

Teachers rejoice! ChatGPT creators have released a tool to help detect AI-generated writing

A Princeton student built an app which can detect if ChatGPT wrote an essay to combat AI-based plagiarism

Professors want to 'ChatGPT-proof' assignments, and are returning to paper exams and requesting editing history to curb AI cheating

ChatGPT in society: 

BuzzFeed writers react with a mix of disappointment and excitement at news that AI-generated content is coming to the website

ChatGPT is testing a paid version — here's what that means for free users

A top UK private school is changing its approach to homework amid the rise of ChatGPT, as educators around the world adapt to AI

Princeton computer science professor says don't panic over 'bullshit generator' ChatGPT

DoNotPay's CEO says threat of 'jail for 6 months' means plan to debut AI 'robot lawyer' in courtroom is on ice

It might be possible to fight a traffic ticket with an AI 'robot lawyer' secretly feeding you lines to your AirPods, but it could go off the rails

Online mental health company uses ChatGPT to help respond to users in experiment — raising ethical concerns around healthcare and AI technology

What public figures think about ChatGPT and other AI tools:

What Elon Musk, Bill Gates, and 12 other business leaders think about AI tools like ChatGPT

Elon Musk was reportedly 'furious' at ChatGPT's popularity after he left the company behind it, OpenAI, years ago

CEO of ChatGPT maker responds to schools' plagiarism concerns: 'We adapted to calculators and changed what we tested in math class'

A theoretical physicist says AI is just a 'glorified tape recorder' and people's fears about it are overblown

'The most stunning demo I've ever seen in my life': ChatGPT impressed Bill Gates

Ashton Kutcher says your company will probably be 'out of business' if you're 'sleeping' on AI

ChatGPT's impact on jobs: 

AI systems like ChatGPT could impact 300 million full-time jobs worldwide, with administrative and legal roles some of the most at risk, Goldman Sachs report says

Jobs are now requiring experience with ChatGPT — and they'll pay as much as $800,000 a year for the skill

Related stories

ChatGPT may be coming for our jobs. Here are the 10 roles that AI is most likely to replace.

AI is going to eliminate way more jobs than anyone realizes

It's not AI that is going to take your job, but someone who knows how to use AI might, economist says

4 careers where workers will have to change jobs by 2030 due to AI and shifts in how we shop, a McKinsey study says

Companies like Amazon, Netflix, and Meta are paying salaries as high as $900,000 to attract generative AI talent

How AI tools like ChatGPT are changing the workforce:

10 ways artificial intelligence is changing the workplace, from writing performance reviews to making the 4-day workweek possible

Managers who use AI will replace managers who don't, says an IBM exec

How ChatGPT is shaping industries: 

ChatGPT is coming for classrooms, hospitals, marketing departments, and everything else as the next great startup boom emerges

Marketing teams are using AI to generate content, boost SEO, and develop branding to help save time and money, study finds

AI is coming for Hollywood. 'It's amazing to see the sophistication of the images,' one of Christopher Nolan's VFX guy says.

AI is going to offer every student a personalized tutor, founder of Khan Academy says

A law firm was fined $5,000 after one of its lawyers used ChatGPT to write a court brief riddled with fake case references

How workers are using ChatGPT to boost productivity:  

CheatGPT: The hidden wave of employees using AI on the sly

I used ChatGPT to talk to my boss for a week and she didn't notice. Here are the other ways I use it daily to get work done.

I'm a high school math and science teacher who uses ChatGPT, and it's made my job much easier

Amazon employees are already using ChatGPT for software coding. They also found the AI chatbot can answer tricky AWS customer questions and write cloud training materials.

How 6 workers are using ChatGPT to make their jobs easier

I'm a freelance editor who's embraced working with AI content. Here's how I do it and what I charge.

How people are using ChatGPT to make money:

How ChatGPT and other AI tools are helping workers make more money

Here are 5 ways ChatGPT helps me make money and complete time-consuming tasks for my business

ChatGPT course instruction is the newest side hustle on the market. Meet the teachers making thousands from the lucrative gig.

People are using ChatGPT and other AI bots to work side hustles and earn thousands of dollars — check out these 8 freelancing gigs

A guy tried using ChatGPT to turn $100 into a business making 'as much money as possible.' Here are the first 4 steps the AI chatbot gave him

We used ChatGPT to build a 7-figure newsletter. Here's how it makes our jobs easier.

I use ChatGPT and it's like having a 24/7 personal assistant for $20 a month. Here are 5 ways it's helping me make more money.

A worker who uses AI for a $670 monthly side hustle says ChatGPT has 'cut her research time in half'

How companies are navigating ChatGPT: 

From Salesforce to Air India, here are the companies that are using ChatGPT

Amazon, Apple, and 12 other major companies that have restricted employees from using ChatGPT

A consultant used ChatGPT to free up time so she could focus on pitching clients. She landed $128,000 worth of new contracts in just 3 months.

Luminary, an AI-generated pop-up restaurant, just opened in Australia. Here's what's on the menu, from bioluminescent calamari to chocolate mousse.

A CEO is spending more than $2,000 a month on ChatGPT Plus accounts for all of his employees, and he says it's saving 'hours' of time

How people are using ChatGPT in their personal lives:

ChatGPT planned a family vacation to Costa Rica. A travel adviser found 3 glaring reasons why AI won't replace experts anytime soon.

A man who hated cardio asked ChatGPT to get him into running. Now, he's hooked — and he's lost 26 pounds.

A computer engineering student is using ChatGPT to overcome learning challenges linked to her dyslexia

How a coder used ChatGPT to find an apartment in Berlin in 2 weeks after struggling for months

Food blogger Nisha Vora tried ChatGPT to create a curry recipe. She says it's clear the instructions lacked a human touch — here's how.

Men are using AI to land more dates with better profiles and personalized messages, study finds

Lawsuits against OpenAI:

OpenAI could face a plagiarism lawsuit from The New York Times as tense negotiations threaten to boil over, report says

This is why comedian Sarah Silverman is suing OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT

2 authors say OpenAI 'ingested' their books to train ChatGPT. Now they're suing, and a 'wave' of similar court cases may follow.

A lawsuit claims OpenAI stole 'massive amounts of personal data,' including medical records and information about children, to train ChatGPT

A radio host is suing OpenAI for defamation, alleging that ChatGPT created a false legal document that accused him of 'defrauding and embezzling funds'

Tips on how to write better ChatGPT prompts:

7 ways to use ChatGPT at work to boost your productivity, make your job easier, and save a ton of time

I'm an AI prompt engineer. Here are 3 ways I use ChatGPT to get the best results.

12 ways to get better at using ChatGPT: Comprehensive prompt guide

Here's 9 ways to turn ChatGPT Plus into your personal data analyst with the new Code Interpreter plug-in

OpenAI's ChatGPT can write impressive code. Here are the prompts you should use for the best results, experts say.

Axel Springer, Business Insider's parent company, has a global deal to allow OpenAI to train its models on its media brands' reporting.

Watch: What is ChatGPT, and should we be afraid of AI chatbots?

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