assignment on disaster management class 10

Disaster Management Project for Class 9, Download PDF File

The Disaster Management Act was passed by the Lok Sabha on 28 Nov 2005 and by the Rajya Sabha on 12 Dec 2005. On 1 June 2016, Narendra Modi, the PM of India, launched the Disaster management plan

Table of Contents

Disaster management in India is one of the most crucial points of discussion because of India’s highly diversified Climate. Indian Subcontinent is frequently evident of natural catastrophes such as Cyclones, earthquakes, floods, and droughts. Disaster management is the process of planning for and responding to natural disasters. It entails carefully organising resources to mitigate the damage caused by calamities. It also entails a systematic strategy for handling catastrophe prevention, readiness, response, and recovery duties. n the article we will discuss it’s types, how to prepare Disaster Management Projects for Class 9 and 10 students along with new project ideas.

What is Disaster Management Class 9?

According to the United Nations, a disaster is a major disruption of a community or society’s ability to function that involves extensive affects on people, property, the economy, or the environment and beyond the capacity of the affected community or society to deal using its own resources.

Disaster management is the process by which we “prepare for, respond to and learn from the effects of big failures”. It is how we cope with the human, material, economic, or environmental impacts of a given disaster. Disasters can have human causes, despite the fact that nature frequently causes them. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies defines a disaster as when a risk affects individuals who are already weak.

Disaster Management Cycle

Organizations and people use the disaster management cycle, which consists of a sequence of processes, to plan for, contain, and mitigate unforeseen disasters. These could include unforeseen property damage, natural disasters, or other occurrences that put other people’s lives in peril. After the initial crisis has passed, the disaster management cycle assists everyone in minimising the effects of unforeseen events and recovering as much resources as possible. A disaster management cycle aids persons affected by disasters by assisting in their reconstruction, regrouping, and recovery.

What is Disaster?

A disaster is a sudden, catastrophic event that causes significant disruption, damage, and destruction, affecting the lives, property, and environment of a community or region. Disasters can be natural or man-made, and they often require emergency response and recovery efforts to manage the aftermath and assist affected populations.

Disasters can take many different forms. Disasters, in whatever shape they take, disturb communities and can have major consequences for people, property, businesses, and the environment. They frequently test a community’s ability to cope. Human-caused disasters, such as industrial explosions or structural breakdowns, are the result of human error. Natural catastrophes are caused by physical occurrences such as earthquakes and droughts. Complex disasters might include epidemics or armed conflicts.

Types of Disaster for Class 9 Students

Disasters are categorised into the following types-

Floods, hail storms, cloudbursts, cyclones, heat waves, cold waves, droughts, and hurricanes are all examples of water-related disasters .
Landslides, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tornadoes are examples of geological disasters .
Man-made disasters include urban and forest fires, oil spills, and the collapse of massive constructions.
Biological disasters include viral outbreaks, pest invasions, livestock epidemics, and locust plagues.
Chemical and industrial mishaps, mining shaft fires, and oil spills are examples of industrial disasters.
Nuclear disasters include nuclear core meltdowns and radiation burn, sickness.

Disaster Management Act, 2005 for Class 9 & 10

The Lok Sabha enacted the Disaster Management Act on November 28, 2005, and the Rajya Sabha did it on December 12, 2005. On January 9, 2006, the Indian President gave his approval. The Act mandates the creation of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), whose chairman shall be the Prime Minister of India. At any given moment, the NDMA can only have nine members total, including the vice-chairperson. The NDMA members are appointed for a five-year term. On 27 September 2005, the NDMA was formally established in accordance with Section 3(1) of the Disaster Management Act after being first established on 30 May 2005 by executive order. The NDMA is in charge of “setting down the rules, plans, and procedures for disaster” as well as making sure that disaster responses are swift and efficient. It is tasked with establishing “guidelines to be followed by the State Authorities in drawing up the national Plans” in accordance with Section 6 of the Act. The Disaster Management Act of 2005 acknowledges Disaster Management as a crucial process of planning, organizing, coordinating, and implementing measures which are necessary for-

Prevention of the threat of any disaster
Reduction of risk of any disaster or its consequences
Readiness to deal with any disaster
Promptness in dealing with a disaster
Assessing the severity of the effects of any disaster
Rescue and relief
Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

Read more: Consumer Awareness in India Project for Class 10

Disaster Management Agencies in India

Some agencies are involved in disaster management that we study below in detail

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA):- The National Disaster Management Authority, or the NDMA, is an apex body for disaster management, governed by the Prime Minister of India. It is charge of the supervision, direction, and control of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
National Executive Committee (NEC):- The NEC is composed of high-profile ministerial members from the government of India that consist of the Union Home Secretary as Chairperson, and the Secretaries to the Government of India (GoI)like Ministries/Departments of Agriculture, Atomic Energy, Defence, Drinking Water Supply, Environment and Forests, etc. The NEC covers the National Plan for Disaster Management as per the National Policy on Disaster Management.
State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA):- The Chief Minister of the respective state is the head of the SDMA.The State Government has a State Executive Committee (SEC) which assists the State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) on Disaster Management.
District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA):- The DDMA is headed by the District Collector, Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate depending on the situation, with the elected representatives of the local authority as the Co-Chairperson. The DDMA ensures that the guidelines framed by the NDMA and the SDMA are followed by all the departments of the State Government at the District level and the local authorities in the District.
Local Authorities:- Local authorities would include Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), Municipalities, District and Cantonment 11 Institutional and Legal Arrangements Boards, and Town Planning Authorities which control and manage civic services.

Must read: Simple Electric Motor Project and Diagram for Class 10

Project on Disaster management

A disaster management project is a strategy created to aid a community or organisation in disaster prevention, response, and recovery. Natural or man-made, disasters can result in a variety of harm, including destruction of physical property, injuries, and fatalities.

A disaster management project’s objective is to lessen the effects of a disaster by:

Identifying potential risks and hazards
Creating plans to reduce the risks and hazards
preparing people for disaster response
putting in place a structure to manage relief operations

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Disaster Management Project File Class 9 PDF

The PDF of the Disaster Management project for class 10 is given below so that candidates can download it

Disaster Management

Disasters Management Project -Types

Hazard mitigation projects: These projects are designed to reduce the impact of a disaster by reducing the risk of a hazard occurring or by reducing the damage that a hazard can cause. For example, a hazard mitigation project might involve building a levee to protect a community from flooding or planting trees to help prevent erosion.
Emergency response plans: These plans outline how a community or organization will respond to a disaster. They typically include information on how to evacuate people, how to provide food and water, and how to provide medical care.
Recovery plans: These plans outline how a community or organization will recover from a disaster. They typically include information on how to rebuild infrastructure, how to provide financial assistance, and how to help people get back to their normal lives .
Natural disasters management projects
Man made disasters management projects

Natural Disasters Management Projects

The disasters which are caused by nature are termed natural disasters. For examples: earthquakes, floods, droughts, etc.

Man-made Disasters Management Projects

The disasters which are the results of human activities are known as man-made disasters. For examples: road accidents, and terrorist attacks.

Tips for developing a disaster management project

Here are some tips for developing a disaster management project.

1.The first stage in creating a disaster management project is identifying the potential risks and hazards that your community or organisation may encounter. You can achieve this by performing a hazard analysis. 2.Identify potential hazards and risks, then create plans to reduce them. This is necessary after you have determined what potential risks and hazards exist. This could entail creating evacuation preparations, planting trees, or establishing levees. 3.Teach people how to handle emergencies: It’s crucial to teach individuals how to handle emergencies. This can entail instructing individuals in evacuation procedures, first aid techniques, or how to assist the injured. 4.Create a system for coordinating relief efforts: It’s critical to have a system in place for coordinating relief efforts in the case of a disaster. This can entail creating a command centre or a communication strategy.

Disaster Management Project for Class 9, Download PDF File_5.1

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Que. What are the 4 types of disaster management?

Emergency managers think of disasters as recurring events with four phases: Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery.

When was Disaster Management in India?

On 23 December 2005, the Government of India enacted the Disaster Management Act.

What are the 2 main types of disasters?

Types of Disasters - Natural and Human-Caused Disasters.

What is the main aim of disaster management?

The ultimate goal of the disaster-management leader is to minimize the event's impact, something that involves preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation.

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Disaster Management India

Disaster Management in India

Disruption on a massive scale, either natural or man-made, occurring in short or long periods is termed a Disaster. Disaster management in India has been an important point of discussion owing to frequent natural disasters ranging from earthquakes, floods, drought, etc. This makes the issue of disaster management worthwhile to consider as part of the preparation for the IAS Exam .

Explore the Ultimate Guide to IAS Exam Preparation Download The E-Book Now!

In this post, you will read all about disaster and disaster management in the Indian context. IAS aspirants can also download the Disaster Management notes PDF.

Loss of life and property due to these disasters has been steadily mounting throughout the world due to inadequate technology to combat disasters, rise in population, climate change, and continuing ecological degradation. The global efforts to manage disasters have proven to be insufficient to match the frequency and magnitude of natural disasters.

Table of Contents:

What is a Disaster?

A disaster is defined as a disruption on a massive scale, either natural or man-made, occurring in short or long periods. Disasters can lead to human, material, economic or environmental hardships, which can be beyond the bearable capacity of the affected society. As per statistics, India as a whole is vulnerable to 30 different types of disasters that will affect the economic, social, and human development potential to such an extent that it will have long-term effects on productivity and macro-economic performance.

Disasters can be classified into the following categories:

Water and Climate Disaster: Flood, hail storms, cloudburst, cyclones, heat waves, cold waves, droughts, hurricanes. (Read about Cyclone Disaster Management separately at the linked article.)
Geological Disaster: Landslides, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes
Biological Disaster: Viral epidemics, pest attacks, cattle epidemic, and locust plagues
Industrial Disaster: Chemical and industrial accidents, mine shaft fires, oil spills,
Nuclear Disasters: Nuclear core meltdowns, radiation poisoning
Man-made disasters: Urban and forest fires, oil spill, the collapse of huge building structures

What is Disaster Management?

In this section, we define what is disaster management as per the Disaster Management Act of 2005.

The Disaster Management Act of 2005 defines Disaster Management as an integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary for-

Prevention of threat of any disaster
Reduction of risk of any disaster or its consequences
Readiness to deal with any disaster
Promptness in dealing with a disaster
Assessing the severity of the effects of any disaster
Rescue and relief
Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

Agencies involved in Disaster Management

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA):- The National Disaster Management Authority , or the NDMA, is an apex body for disaster management, headed by the Prime Minister of India. It is responsible for the supervision, direction, and control of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
National Executive Committee (NEC):- The NEC is composed of high profile ministerial members from the government of India that include the Union Home Secretary as Chairperson, and the Secretaries to the Government of India (GoI)like Ministries/Departments of Agriculture, Atomic Energy, Defence, Drinking Water Supply, Environment and Forests, etc. The NEC prepares the National Plan for Disaster Management as per the National Policy on Disaster Management.
State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA):- The Chief Minister of the respective state is the head of the SDMA.The State Government has a State Executive Committee (SEC) which assists the State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) on Disaster Management.
District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA):- The DDMA is headed by the District Collector, Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate depending on the situation, with the elected representatives of the local authority as the Co-Chairperson. The DDMA ensures that the guidelines framed by the NDMA and the SDMA are followed by all the departments of the State Government at the District level and the local authorities in the District.
Local Authorities:- Local authorities would include Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), Municipalities, District and Cantonment 11 Institutional and Legal Arrangements Boards, and Town Planning Authorities which control and manage civic services.

Now let’s have a look at some of the types of disasters and the means to combat them.

Biological Disasters

Definition: The devastating effects caused by an enormous spread of a certain kind of living organism that may spread disease, viruses, or an infestation of plant, animal, or insect life on an epidemic or pandemic level.

Epidemic Level – Indicates a disaster that affects many people in a given area or community.
Pandemic Level – Indicates a disaster that affects a much larger region, sometimes an entire continent or even the whole planet. For example, the recent H1N1 or Swine Flu pandemic.

To know more about Bio-Terrorism threat to India and India’s Preparedness visit the linked article.

Biological Disasters – Important points to remember for UPSC

1. The nodal Ministry for handling epidemics – Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

Decision-making
Advisory body
Emergency medical relief providing

2. The primary responsibility of dealing with biological disasters is with the State Governments. (Reason – Health is a State Subject).

3. The nodal agency for investigating outbreaks – National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD)

4. Nodal ministry for Biological Warfare – Ministry of Home Affairs ( Biological warfare is the use of biological agents as an act of war)

Biological Disasters – Classifications

Charles Baldwin developed the symbol for biohazard in 1966.

Disaster Management - Symbol for biohazard - UPSC 2021 Preparation

The US Centres for Disease Control classifies biohazards into four biosafety levels as follows:

BSL-1: Bacteria and Viruses including Bacillus subtilis, some cell cultures, canine hepatitis, and non-infectious bacteria. Protection is only facial protection and gloves.
BSL-2: Bacteria and viruses that cause only mild disease to humans, or are difficult to contract via aerosol in a lab setting such as hepatitis A, B, C, mumps, measles, HIV, etc. Protection – use of autoclaves for sterilizing and biological safety cabinets.
BSL-3: Bacteria and viruses causing severe to fatal disease in humans. Example: West Nile virus, anthrax, MERS coronavirus. Protection – Stringent safety protocols such as the use of respirators to prevent airborne infection.
BSL-4: Potentially fatal (to human beings) viruses like Ebola virus, Marburg virus, Lassa fever virus, etc. Protection – use of a positive pressure personnel suit, with a segregated air supply.

Legislations for prevention of Biohazards in India

The following legislations have been enacted in India for the prevention of biohazards and implementation of protective, eradicative and containing measures when there is an outbreak:

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 and the Rules (1986)
Disaster Management Act 2005, provides for the institutional and operational framework for disaster prevention, mitigation, response, preparedness, and recovery at all levels.
Air Prevention and Control of Pollution Act 1981
Disaster Management Act of 2005

Prevention of Biological Hazards

The basic measure to prevent and control biohazards is the elimination of the source of contamination. Some of the prevention methods are as follows:

Preventive Measures for workers in the field (Medical)

Engineering controls – to help prevent the spread of such disasters including proper ventilation, installing negative pressure, and usage of UV lamps.
Personal hygiene – washing hands with liquid soap, proper care for clothes that have been exposed to a probably contaminated environment.
Personal protection equipment – masks, protective clothing, gloves, face shield, eye shield, shoe covers.
Sterilization – Using ultra heat or high pressure to eliminate bacteria or using biocide to kill microbes.
Respiratory protection – surgical masks, respirators, powered air-purifying respirators (PAPR), air-supplying respirators.

Prevention of Biological Hazards (Environmental Management)

Safe water supply, proper maintenance of sewage pipelines – to prevent waterborne diseases such as cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, dysentery, etc.

Awareness of personal hygiene and provision for washing, cleaning, bathing, avoiding overcrowding, etc.

Vector control:

Environmental engineering work and generic integrated vector control measures.

Water management, not permitting water to stagnate and collect and other methods to eliminate breeding places for vectors.

Regular spraying of insecticides, outdoor fogging, etc. for controlling vectors.

Controlling the population of rodents.

Post-disaster Epidemics Prevention

The risk of epidemics is increased after any biological disaster.

Integrated Disease Surveillance Systems (IDSS) monitors the sources, modes of diseases spreading, and investigates the epidemics.

Detection and Containment of Outbreaks

This consists of four steps as given under:

Recognizing and diagnosing by primary healthcare practitioners.
Communicating surveillance information to public health authorities.
Epidemiological analysis of surveillance data
Public health measures and delivering proper medical treatment.

Legal Framework for Biological Disasters

The Epidemic Diseases Act was enacted in the year 1897. (Read about RSTV’s In-Depth Analysis on Epidemic Diseases Act 1897 in the linked article.)
This Act does not provide any power to the centre to intervene in biological emergencies.
It has to be substituted by an Act that takes care of the prevailing and foreseeable public health needs including emergencies such as BT attacks and the use of biological weapons by an adversary, cross-border issues, and international spread of diseases.
It should give enough powers to the central and state governments and local authorities to act with impunity, notify affected areas, restrict movement or quarantine the affected area, enter any premises to take samples of suspected materials, and seal them.
The Act should also establish controls over biological sample transfer, biosecurity and biosafety of materials/laboratories.

Institutional Framework

In the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoH&FW), public health needs to be accorded high priority with a separate Additional Directorate General of Health and Sanitation (DGHS) for public health. In some states, there is a separate department of public health. States that do not have such arrangements will also have to take initiatives to establish such a department.

Operational Framework

At the national level, there is no policy on biological disasters. The existing contingency plan of MoH&FW is about 10 years old and needs extensive revision. All components related to public health, namely apex institutions, field epidemiology, surveillance, teaching, training, research, etc., need to be strengthened.

At the operational level, Command and Control (C&C) are identifiable clearly at the district level, where the district collector is vested with certain powers to requisition resources, notify a disease, inspect any premises, seek help from the Army, state or centre, enforce quarantine, etc. However, there is no concept of an incident command system wherein the entire action is brought under the ambit of an incident commander with support from the disciplines of logistics, finance, and technical teams, etc. There is an urgent need for establishing an incident command system in every district.

There is a shortage of medical and paramedical staff at the district and sub-district levels. There is also an acute shortage of public health specialists, epidemiologists, clinical microbiologists, and virologists.

Biosafety laboratories are required for the prompt diagnosis of the agents for the effective management of biological disasters. There is no BSL-4 laboratory in the human health sector. BSL- 3 laboratories are also limited. Major issues remain regarding biosecurity, the indigenous capability of preparing diagnostic reagents, and quality assurance.

Lack of an Integrated Ambulance Network (IAN). There is no ambulance system with advanced life-support facilities that are capable of working in biological disasters.

State-run hospitals have limited medical supplies. Even in normal situations, a patient has to buy medicines. There is a lack of stockpile of drugs, important vaccines like anthrax vaccine, PPE, or diagnostics for surge capacity. In a crisis, there is further incapacitation due to tedious procurement procedures.

National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) :- The command and supervision of the NDRF would be under the Director-General of Civil Defence and National Disaster Response Force selected by the Central Government. Currently, the NDRF comprises of eight battalions who will be positioned at different locations as per the requirements.

Read about Crowd Disaster Management in the linked article.

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

Proper planning and mitigation measures can play a leading role in risk-prone areas to minimize the worst effects of hazards such as earthquakes, floods, and cyclones. These are the key areas which should be addressed to achieve this objective:

Risk Assessment and Vulnerability Mapping: Mapping and vulnerability analysis in a multi-risk structure will be conducted utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) based databases like the National Database for Emergency Management (NDEM) and National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI).
Increasing Trend of Disasters in Urban Areas:- Steps to prevent unplanned urbanization must be undertaken, with the plan of action formulated being given the highest priority. State Governments/UTs concerned on the other hand focus on urban drainage systems with special attention on non-obstruction of natural drainage systems.
Critical Infrastructure:- Critical infrastructure like roads, dams, bridges, irrigation canals, bridges, power stations, railway lines, delta water distribution networks, ports and rivers, and coastal embankments should be continuously checked for safety standards concerning worldwide safety benchmarks and fortified if the current measures prove to be inadequate.
Environmentally Sustainable Development: – Environmental considerations and developmental efforts, should be handled simultaneously for ensuring sustainability.
Climate Change Adaptation:-. The challenges of the increase in the frequency and intensity of natural disasters like cyclones, floods, and droughts should be tackled in a sustained and effective manner with the promotion of strategies for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction.

Disaster Management in India - Disaster Management Cycle - UPSC 2021

The topics of internal security and disaster management are diverse and also important for both the prelims and the mains exams. These topics are also highly linked with current affairs. Almost every question asked from them is related to current events. So, apart from standard textbooks, you should rely on newspapers and news analyses as well for these sections. To read on how to prepare for internal security and disaster management , check the linked article.

Multiple Choice Question

The National Disaster Management Authority, or the NDMA, is an apex body for disaster management, headed by the Prime Minister of India. It is responsible for the supervision, direction, and control of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
The DDMA is headed by the District Collector, Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate depending on the situation, with the elected representatives of the local authority as the Co-Chairperson.
The Governor of the respective state is the head of the State Disaster Management Authority
The Epidemic Diseases Act was enacted in the year 1897.

Choose the correct answer from the below-given options

A) All of the above statements are false.

B) All of the above statements are true.

C) Only statements 2, 3, and 4 are true

D) Only statements 1, 2, and 4 are true

Candidates can find the general pattern of the Civil Service Exam by visiting the UPSC Syllabus page.

Frequently Asked Questions on Disaster Management in India

Q 1. what is the aim of disaster management in india, q 2. what is disaster risk management, q 3. in how many categories can disasters be classified.

Ans. Disaster can be classified into the following categories:

Water and Climate Disaster
Geological Disaster
Biological Disaster
Industrial Disaster
Nuclear Disasters
Man-made disasters

Q 4. Which body is responsible for Disaster Management in India?

Q 5. what is the disaster management act 2005.

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Disaster Management Project for Class 9 and 10 PDF Download

Developing a disaster management project for Class 9 and 10 students not only enhances their knowledge and understanding but also equips them with essential life skills. The field of disaster management is of utmost importance in India, a country prone to various natural and man-made disasters.

Disaster management plays a vital role in minimizing the impact of disasters and ensuring the safety and well-being of communities. In this blog post, we will delve into the various aspects of disaster management, including its definition, types of disasters, the disaster management cycle, relevant acts, agencies in India, and tips for developing a disaster management project for Class 9 and 10 students.

This project provides an opportunity for students to explore different aspects of disaster management, develop critical thinking abilities, and contribute to building a safer and more resilient society. Here is a comprehensive outline for a disaster management project suitable for Class 9 and 10 students in India.

Disaster Management Project PDF Download

Table of Content:

Define disaster management and its significance.
Discuss the need for disaster management in India.
Highlight the objectives and benefits of studying disaster management.
Categorize disasters into natural and man-made disasters.
Provide examples of common natural disasters in India (e.g., floods, earthquakes, cyclones, droughts).
Discuss man-made disasters prevalent in India (e.g., industrial accidents, chemical spills, fires).
Explain the four phases of the disaster management cycle (mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery).
Describe the activities involved in each phase.
Provide examples of initiatives or programs undertaken in India for each phase.
Discuss the Disaster Management Act, 2005, and its key provisions.
Explore the roles and responsibilities of national, state, and district-level disaster management authorities in India.
Highlight the importance of coordination and collaboration among different agencies.
Select two or more major disasters that have occurred in India (e.g., Uttarakhand floods, Cyclone Fani).
Analyze the causes, impacts, and response strategies employed during these disasters.
Discuss the lessons learned and recommendations for future disaster management.
Explore various preparedness measures for different types of disasters (e.g., early warning systems, evacuation plans).
Discuss mitigation strategies to reduce the impact of disasters (e.g., building resilient infrastructure, afforestation).
Provide examples of successful preparedness and mitigation initiatives in India.
Emphasize the importance of individual responsibility in disaster management.
Discuss ways in which individuals can contribute to disaster preparedness and response.
Encourage students to create awareness campaigns or develop community-level initiatives for disaster preparedness.
Prepare a visual presentation summarizing the project.
Include relevant images, charts, and graphs to enhance understanding.
Deliver a concise and engaging presentation to the class.

In India, the need for effective disaster management is paramount due to the country’s geographical location and diverse climatic conditions. India is prone to a wide range of natural disasters, including floods, cyclones, earthquakes, droughts, landslides, and forest fires. Additionally, man-made disasters such as industrial accidents, chemical spills, and terrorist attacks pose significant risks. These disasters can cause loss of life, widespread damage to infrastructure, economic disruptions, and displacement of populations.

What is Disaster Management?

Disaster management is a process of preparing for, responding to, and recovering from an emergency or disaster. It involves various activities such as risk assessment, planning, communication, and coordination of resources to reduce the impact of disasters. The primary goal of disaster management is to save lives, protect property, and ensure the continuity of essential services.

Types of Disasters

Disasters can be classified into two broad categories, namely natural disasters and man-made disasters. Natural disasters are caused by natural phenomena such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, tsunamis, and landslides. Man-made disasters, on the other hand, are caused by human activities such as fires, explosions, industrial accidents, and terrorist attacks.

Natural disasters are more common and can have a severe impact on human life and property. For example, earthquakes can cause buildings to collapse, floods can destroy homes and businesses, hurricanes can cause widespread power outages and damage infrastructure, and landslides can disrupt transportation and communication.

Man-made disasters are less common but can also have a severe impact on human life and property. For example, industrial accidents can result in chemical spills, fires can destroy buildings and homes, explosions can cause widespread damage, and terrorist attacks can cause widespread panic and loss of life.

Importance of Disaster Management

Disaster management is essential for several reasons. Firstly, disasters can strike anytime, anywhere, and without warning. Therefore, it is crucial to be prepared for disasters to reduce the impact of disasters and save lives. Secondly, disasters can have severe consequences on human life and property, which can lead to economic losses and social disruption. Effective disaster management measures can help to reduce the impact of disasters and ensure the continuity of essential services. Thirdly, disasters can cause psychological trauma to people affected by disasters, and effective disaster management measures can help to provide psychological support and counseling to those affected.

Disaster Management Cycle

The disaster management cycle consists of four phases: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Each phase plays a crucial role in minimizing the impact of disasters, enhancing preparedness, and facilitating effective response and recovery efforts. In India, various initiatives and programs have been undertaken at each phase to mitigate risks, build preparedness, respond swiftly, and facilitate long-term recovery and reconstruction.

Disaster Management Project Cycle | Management Hub

The mitigation phase involves activities that aim to reduce the risk of disasters, such as identifying hazards and assessing risks.
The preparedness phase involves activities that aim to prepare individuals, communities, and organizations to respond to disasters, such as developing emergency plans, conducting drills, and training first responders.
The response phase involves activities that aim to provide immediate assistance to people affected by disasters, such as search and rescue, evacuation, and providing basic needs such as food, water, and shelter.
The recovery phase involves activities that aim to restore normalcy after a disaster, such as rebuilding infrastructure, providing psychological support, and restoring essential services.

Case Studies of Major Disasters in India

India has witnessed several major disasters in the past, and effective disaster management measures have helped to reduce the impact of disasters and save lives. For example, during the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, effective disaster management measures such as warning systems, evacuation, and search and rescue operations helped to reduce the number of casualties. Similarly, during the 2013 Uttarakhand floods, effective disaster management measures such as rescue and relief operations helped to save many lives.

However, there have also been instances where ineffective disaster management measures have resulted in severe consequences. For example, during the 1984 Bhopal gas tragedy, ineffective disaster management measures resulted in widespread loss of life and property.

The case studies of major disasters in India highlight the importance of effective disaster management measures and the need for continuous improvement in disaster management strategies.

Preparedness for disasters

preparedness measures and mitigation strategies are crucial for effective disaster management. Early warning systems, evacuation plans, resilient infrastructure, afforestation, and community-based initiatives play significant roles in reducing the risks and impacts of disasters. India has implemented successful initiatives that highlight the importance of preparedness and mitigation, contributing to the overall resilience of communities in the face of various hazards.

Preparedness for disasters is essential to reduce the impact of disasters and save lives. Students can prepare for disasters by following some simple steps, such as creating an emergency kit, developing an emergency plan, and staying informed about potential hazards.

Preparedness Measures for Different Types of Disasters:

Early Warning Systems: Example: The Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System (IOTWS), implemented by the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), provides real-time tsunami warnings and alerts to coastal communities.
Evacuation Plans: Example: The Odisha State Disaster Management Authority has implemented a successful evacuation plan during cyclones, including Cyclone Phailin in 2013, which resulted in minimal loss of life due to timely evacuation. Mitigation Strategies to Reduce the Impact of Disasters:
Building Resilient Infrastructure Example: The Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority implemented strict building codes and regulations after the devastating earthquake in 2001. This has led to the construction of earthquake-resistant buildings and infrastructure, reducing the vulnerability to seismic events.
Afforestation and Ecosystem Restoration: Example: The Miyawaki Forest technique, implemented in various cities across India, involves dense plantation of native tree species, enhancing biodiversity, restoring ecosystems, and providing natural protection against disasters. Successful Preparedness and Mitigation Initiatives in India:
Kerala’s Community-Based Disaster Management Initiatives: – Kerala has implemented community-based disaster management initiatives, including the ‘Arangu’ program, which involves training local volunteers to respond during disasters. – The ‘Rebuild Kerala Initiative’ focuses on building resilient infrastructure, restoring livelihoods, and providing financial assistance to affected communities.
Gujarat’s School Safety Program – The School Safety Program in Gujarat aims to enhance the safety and preparedness of schools during disasters. – It includes developing school disaster management plans, conducting safety audits, training teachers and students in disaster response, and establishing early warning systems.

Role of individuals in Disaster Management

Individuals play a crucial role in disaster management, and their actions can have a significant impact on the outcome of disasters. Individuals can contribute to disaster management by following some simple steps, such as staying informed about potential hazards, creating an emergency kit, developing an emergency plan, and volunteering during emergencies.

Staying informed about potential hazards involves monitoring weather updates, staying informed about potential hazards, and following the instructions of authorities during emergencies. Creating an emergency kit involves assembling essential items such as food, water, first aid kit, flashlight, and other essential items that may be required during an emergency. Developing an emergency plan involves identifying potential hazards, developing a communication plan, identifying safe zones, and practicing emergency drills. Volunteering during emergencies involves providing support to those affected by disasters, such as providing basic needs, psychological support, and assisting in search and rescue operations.

Strategic Management: Key Concepts and Proven Strategies

Disaster Management Project Presentation:

Tips for developing the disaster management project:.

Conduct thorough research using reliable sources such as government publications, scientific journals, and reputable websites.
Organize the project into clear sections with headings and subheadings.
Use a variety of media, including text, images, and infographics, to present information effectively.
Incorporate real-life examples, case studies, and statistics to support your points.
Cite all sources properly using a standard citation format (e.g., APA or MLA).
Practice your presentation beforehand to ensure clarity and confidence.

SST Class 9 Disaster Management Project

Disaster management Project For Class 9

Disaster Project Management Conclusion:

The disaster management project for Class 9 and 10 students in India provides an excellent opportunity to deepen their understanding of disaster management concepts and their practical application. By exploring various aspects of disaster management, students can develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and leadership skills necessary to contribute effectively in times of crisis. Through this project, students not only gain knowledge but also become proactive agents of change in building resilient communities and promoting disaster preparedness in India.

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Disaster Management Science Notes

Important Points

→ Disaster is the incidence that occurs suddenly causing heavy damage to life and property. The disaster can be man-made or due to natural reason.

→ On September 2019, there was a heavy downpour in Pune. This disaster has been experienced recently. On 26th November 2008 there was attack at several places by the Pakistani terrorists. The stories about the deaths and damage caused by this disaster were seen in films and learnt about this from our elders.

→ Due to a heavy downpour in Pune, there was waterlogging in all the shallow areas. All the transport systems collapsed on that day. Large trees fell down injuring the people. The water logging causede condition like floods. Schools, colleges and offices were shut down. People were caught in troublesome situation.

→ On 26th November 2008 many innocent people lost their lives. There was tremendous damage caused to some of the important places like Taj Palace Hotel and Chabad house.

Hazardous event that suddenly takes place in the surroundings is called disaster.
The definition of disaster as given by United Nations : The sudden event that leads to the huge loss of life and property is called disaster.
Natural disasters : Floods, wet and dry famine, cyclones, earthquakes, volcanoes, etc. are caused due to sudden change in the environment causing great damage.
Since these disasters are due to nature’s wrath, they are called natural disasters.
Man-made disasters : When mankind needs natural resources for developmental purpose, environment gets damaged. Such disasters are due to man-made actions and thus they are called man-made disasters.

Effects of disasters :

The great loss to life and property of the people.
Different areas of life like economic, social, cultural, political, law and administration, etc. are affected due to sudden disasters.
The life in the affected area is totally disturbed.
Nature and duration of each disaster is different. The period of disaster decides whether it is short term or long-term.
Disasters are caused due to different reasons. Each disaster has its own environmental impact.
According to preliminary classification of disasters there are two main types of disasters, natural and man-made.

Second method of classifying disasters :

Catastrophic disasters : Cyclones in Odisha, catastrophic earthquakes of Gujarat and · Latur, frequently buzzing cyclones in coastal Andhra Pradesh, etc.
Disasters making the impact for long duration : Famine, various problems of crops, strikes of workers, rising levels of oceans, desertification, etc.

Disasters can be classified depending upon following main criteria.

The extent of the damage caused.
The period of disaster.
The long term effects.
The reason for the disaster.

Types of disasters :

There are three types of disasters, viz. geophysical, biological and man-made.

Geophysical :

Geological : Earthquake, volcano, tsunami, landslides, landfall, erosion, alkalization, flooding, etc..
Climatic: E.g. Hot and cold waves, snow storms, snowfall, cyclones, hailstorm, drought, flood, meteorite, sunspots, etc.

Biological :

Animal-origin : Infectious viruses, bacteria (cholera, malaria, hepatitis, plague), insects, bite of venomous animals, etc.
Plant-origin: E.g. Forest fire, fungal disease spreading (Blister), weed (aquatic, carrot grass, common grass).
Accidental or Unintentional : Toxic gases, ; Atomic test, Unplanned action, Accident.
Intentional : War, fire, bomb blast, forced migration, terrorism, rapes, child labour.

→ The flood waters uproot the trees, the houses collapse due to surge of water. The fields get waterlogged. The water does not recede. The cattle die of asphyxiation by drowning. Since everything is under water, the process of decomposition begins at a higher rate. This may spread the epidemics of the diseases.

→ In dry famine, there is scarcity of water. The crops die as there is no proper irrigation. There is severe food shortage. Due to dearth of water, the cattle die and human beings are forced to migrate.

→ The earthquake is responsible for large scale devastation. The houses collapse. The roads are damaged making the transportation impossible. The electricity and water supply is disrupted due to damage. There is large scale damage to lives and property.

→ The largely spread fire of the dry grass, shrubs and trees in the forest due to heightened temperatures is called forest fire. The effect of forest fire on the environment is greatly devastating. Biodiversity is lost. Plants and animals die due to fire. The vegetation becomes dead as the plants turn into ash. The atmosphere is full of smoke and hence causes air pollution.

Actual effects :

Effects of every type of disasters are different.
Floods : Collapsing of bridges, flooding of coastal villages, shortage of food.
Earthquake : Collapsing of houses, developing cracks in land.
Forest fire and drought : Adverse effect on the environment.

Effects on the economy of the nation and local leadership

Huge expenses on the reconstruction of the destroyed structures.
Long term effect on the economy.
If local leadership is weak, the victimized citizens become confused.
During disasters administrative problems arise.
Local governing bodies too are affected.
The Government departments also are unable to solve the problematic situations caused by the disaster.
Entire system collapses as all the concerned departments are affected by disasters.

Nature and scope of disaster :

→ Some of the important aspects of the disaster become clear only when the nature and scope of the disaster is understood.

For this following aspects have to be studied thoroughly :

Exact nature of the disasters.
The changes in the nature before the onset of the disaster.
Time period of impact of disaster.

The scope of the disaster is dependent on the following facts :

Pre-disaster phase
Warning phase
Emergency phase
Rehabilitation phase
Recovery phase
Reconstruction phase

→ Three sensitive phases of the disaster:.

→ Most of the natural disasters have taken place in the Asian continent and region of Pacific Ocean, causing huge of loss to the life. These disasters are caused due to natural imbalances created by human beings, in the pursuit of development and the economic progress. Environmental degradation is the leading cause to natural calamities.

→ Population explosion has resulted into many problems. After the Second World War, the natural conditions on the earth have gradually changed due to human interventions. Different causes such as economic inequality, racial and religious differences have caused terrorism, abduction, social differences which in turn result into instability in nations and man-made calamities.

→ Atomic energy plants are used for generation of nuclear energy. But they emit hazardous radiations. E.g., the accidental leakage in atomic energy plant at Chernobyl, Russia. During production of atomic energy radiation leakage and allied accidents may happen.

→ Disaster management is the essential action that has to be undertaken by each nation and its citizens. By direct participation of citizens in disaster management and by different disaster management schemes, hazardous after effects are reduced. These schemes are dependent on every location, time and nature of the disaster.

Disaster management :

→ Effective short term or long term disaster management is necessary in minor and major disasters. The disaster management should involve public participation. Disasters are suddenly forcing us to deal with them, but by disaster management techniques, the losses can be minimized. In managing the after effects of disasters, there should be arrangements to cope up with disastrous effects or there should be ways to make citizens capable to face and fight against the consequences. .

Objectives of disaster management :

Saving human life from disasters. Helping them to move away from the place of disasters.
Essential commodities to be supplied to the affected people. This will help to reduce the gravity of disaster.
To bring back the conditions to normalcy.
Rehabilitation of the affected and displaced victims.
Protective measures for future in order to develop capability to face the disasters in future.

→ Disaster management is divided into pre disaster management and post-disaster management. Through scientific and careful observations and analysis of previous data, suitable action plans are developed for the disasters that might come in future. Preventive measures, rehabilitation and reconstruction is included in such plans.

Pre-disaster management:

Pre-disaster management means measures taken to rescue people or to keep preparedness before the disaster strikes. It includes following points:
To identify the disasterprone areas.
Through predictive intensity maps and hazard maps, the information should be collected about the probability of future disaster’s intensity and probable sites of disasters, respectively.
Learning by ourselves and then imparting special training to people to tackle with future disasters.
Making general public aware about disaster management by training them through programmes. Spreading the message through mass media, etc.

Post-disaster management :

→ Post-disaster management means helping the victims of disasters in all possible ways, after they are affected. Rescue work is done by local survivors. Controlling centres and help centres are established according to the type of disaster.

→ Materials provided from the control centres for the victims are categorized, and distributed the same to victims with continuous review of the help.

Main aspects of disaster management cycle :

Preparation : For possible future disasters, a plan for minimizing the destruction is kept ready. This is called preparation for the disaster.
Redemption : Planning is done to minimize such damage when disaster strikes.
Preparedness : In case of disaster, the general public and administration should immediately rise for action. This planned action is called preparedness.
Impact of disaster : After the disaster recedes, its intensity is studied. Its impact is analysed along with disaster management.
Response : Just before the disaster and immediately after the disaster, the response of people is analysed in this step.
Resurgence: Resurgence is an important link between emergency measures and national progress. It is a step showing extent of welfare and rehabilitation work done after the disaster. The progress of nation also becomes clear after analysing resurgence.
Restoration : The return of the normalcy after the disaster is called restoration. The restoration time depends upon the type of disaster.

→ Natural disasters cannot be avoided. But by proper management, the loss can be minimized. Man-made disasters can be avoided if care is taken in our actions and behaviour. It is the ethical responsibility of all human beings, to help each other during disasters.

Structure of Disaster Management Authority :

→ The Government has established an authority for management of disasters. Indian Government has also passed Disaster Management Act, 2005. The following chart shows control and coordination of disaster management carried out from national level to village levels :

→ District Disaster Management Authority: Planning, coordinating and controlling the implementation of rehabilitation programme is done by District Collector. He is responsible for such programmes and schemes.

Functions of Disaster Management Authority :

Giving the necessary instructions.
Assessing whether the instructions are followed or not.
Reviewing the entire system.
Controlling the actions.
Planning and executing the plans.
Designing schemes for each district, separately for each type of disaster and getting those sanctioned from state-level authorities.

District-wise Disaster Control Unit :

Establishment of district control unit is done immediately either after the impact of disaster or due to the warning of forthcoming disasters.
Help and guidance from various agencies like army, air force, navy, telecommunication
department, paramilitary forces, etc. is taken to review the various aspects of disaster.
The control unit also coordinates with various voluntary organizations that help in disaster management.

The international organizations that work in the field of disaster management :

United Nations Disaster Relief Organization.
United Nations Centre for Human Settlements.
Asian Disaster Reduction Centre.
Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre.
World Health Organization.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

National Disaster Response Force :

The army jawans constitute the National Disaster Response force.
It was established as per the Disaster Management Act, 2005.
12 divisions of this force work in the country, Its headquarter is located at Delhi and the army takes any required action throughout all the states of India.
In Maharashtra, Jawans of State Reserve Police Force carry out responsibilities of National Disaster Response Force.
Website : http://www.ndrf.gov.in gives the · information of National Disaster Response Force.
First aid is the primary help given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available.

→ The injured person should be helped and kept in a resting position in which he or she is at ease. Depending upon the nature of the disaster, first aid given may be different. But the most important is timely rescue which can help the victim to survive.

First Aid and Emergency Action :

First Aid :

→ When suddenly any disaster takes place, the help given to the victims before the medical treatment is available, is called first aid. This knowledge of first aid becomes useful to save one’s life.

→ In day-to-day life, we come across many such disastrous incidences where such help is needed. Varieties of disasters like accidents, stampede, injuries in fighting, electric shock, burns, heat shock, snake bite, dog bite, fire due to electric short circuit, epidemic of any disease, etc. are the disasters in which first aid becomes essential

→ In disasters, the victim’s condition is to be taken into account before starting any furst aid. As per the condition, various transportation methods like cradle method, carrying on back, carrying on two hands are to be followed.

→ Sometimes we face the disaster due to our own unawareness. We have to watch out for the symbols that warn us against the potential dangers. Such symbols have to be taken into account.

→ First Aid Kit : Material necessary for first aid is kept in the first aid kit. Such first aid kit should be available at every place such as in schools, colleges and offices, etc.

The necessary material in first aid box :

For wrapping the wounds: Bandage strips of different size, Wound gauze, Triangular and circular bandage, Medicated cotton, Band aid
For cleanliness; Hand gloves, Clean and dry cloth pieces, Soap
Medicines : Antiseptic (Dettol/Savlon), Petroleum jelly
Safety pins, Blade, Small pins, Needle, Scissors
Thermometer, Torch.

Mock Drill :

Nature of mock drill :

Mock drill is the activity which is carried out by creating virtual or apparent situation of disaster.
It is carried out to check the preparedness if the disaster approaches.
The responses of the people, the quickness of actions, etc. can be analysed prior to the actual disaster happens.

→ Trained personnel check execution of plan designed for disaster redressal. They are responsible for the training of people in case of disasters. The whole exercise helps to check the efficacy of the system prepared for disaster redressal.

→ Mock drill is organized in various schools to create the awareness among the school children in case of disasters. Fire fighters, police force and some voluntary organizations organize mock drills.

Objectives of Mock Drill :

Evaluating the response of the common people to the disaster.
Improving the coordination between various departments that work for the disaster control.
Identifying one’s own abilities at the time of disaster.
Developing the ability to respond quickly to disaster.
Checking the competency of the planned actions. Assessing the possible errors and risks.

Important notes for our safety

Not to crowd and push each other while using staircase in the school.
Important help-lines should be remembered and used whenever need arises : Police 100, Fire fighting
force 101, Disaster Control Unit 108, Ambulance 102, Child helpline : 1028, etc.
Always follow the traffic rules. Looking first at left and then at right sides while crossing the road.
Not to touch any unclaimed object.
Not to spread rumours.
Not to cause chaos at the crowded places.

Science Notes

assignment on disaster management class 10

Disaster Management Class 10 Social Science Study Material

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Disaster Management Chapter 1 Tsunami The Killer Wave

Tsunami the killer wave cbse class 10 disaster management ncert solutions.

Question-1 Name three causes of Tsunami and explain its impact. Solution: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and underwater land slides can cause tsunamis. The impact of the earthquake, which ruptures the sea-floor causes the sea water to rise and move towards the coast with great force. These waves which travel at a tremendous speed immerse coastal areas causing immense damage to people and property. Sometimes a tsunami causes the sea water to recede, exposing the ocean floor. This is nature’s way of warning people of an impending tsunami. Waves head inland destroying everything in its path. Question-2 Explain two different ways of detecting tsunami. Solution: (i) Coastal Tidal Gauges Coastal tidal gauges can identify a tsunami closer to the shore. Tsunami detectors are placed in the sea about 50 km. from the shore. They are linked to the land by submarine cables. The detectors record any disturbances in the sea and transmit it to the land through the cables. These detectors can only identify tsunamis closer to the sea. (ii) Satellite Technology Satellite technology has made it possible to detect tsuna-migenic earthquakes almost immediately. ‘Tsunameters’ transmit warnings of buoys on the sea surface, which relay it to the satellite. The warning time depends on the distance of the epicentre from the coast line. The warning includes predicted times the tsunami may hit different coastal cities, where the tsunami could travel in a few hours. Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) Project was developed by the U.S. National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program. It strives at early tsunami detection and real-time reporting capability.

Question-3 State two preparedness measures each in pre, during and post tsunami scenario. Solution: As a precautionary measure the ‘mock evacuation drills’ should be conducted periodically so that the people are aware of it. People should be informed about the evacuation routes in case a tsunami hits the coast. During a tsunami the whole family should immediately shift to a safer place when a tsunami warning is sounded. People should move to the upper floors of a multi-storied building to escape from drowning. After a tsunami hits a place and recedes, people should get information about the state of the roads and bridges through the radio and TV. People should arrange rescue operations for those trapped in flooded areas. These are the measure that should be followed before, during and after a tsunami.

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Disaster Management Essay

Essay on Disaster Management

Disaster Management is the arrangement and management of the resources following a disaster, be it natural or man-made. There are so many organizations who are dealing with various types of disastrous situations from the humanitarian aspect. Some disasters are just the consequences of human hazards and some are caused by natural calamity. However, we can prevent them by taking the necessary emergency measures to save and preserve lives. As natural disasters cannot be predicted, they can take place anywhere at any time.

Vedantu has provided an essay on Disaster management on this page. Students who have received an assignment to write an essay on Disaster Management or preparing an essay for examination can refer to this page to understand the pattern. Any student or parent can directly visit Vedantu site or download the app on the phone to get access to the study materials.

Disaster Management’ is the simple term of management which embraces loads of disaster-related activities. Disaster occurs frequently in some parts of the world. Japan is the best example of it. Japanese people are annoyed on Tsunamis and earthquakes. The local scene is not much different from the global one. No one could forget the cyclone in Orissa, Earthquake in Gujarat or even the Mumbai Terrorist Attack.

Natural and man-made are the two categories of the disaster. Natural disasters are those which occurred due to sudden changes in the environment or topography causing uncountable human as well as economic loss. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods and cloudbursts are few of the natural disasters. Manual intentional made disasters are man-made disasters. For example, Gas leakage, terrorist attacks, fire, oil spills. Man-made disasters are the result of human intentions or might be because of workmanship or technical errors. The count of man-made and natural disasters is rising rapidly.

Here are a few things which will help us to deal with earthquakes. The significant information about Natural calamities is predicted easier and is being shared within the public by the central bureau. Furthermore, earthquake-resistant structures are constructed considering, ‘Precaution is Better Than Cure’. Reflexes are made so strong that cover of solid platforms such as a table and chair should be taken as soon as the danger is sensible while the cover of trees, electric poles or buildings is avoided as far as possible. Keep in touch with local news during heavy rainy days. Any flood is preceded with significant time. Making proper use of divine buffer time for safety is advisable. Strategically planning of water reservoirs, land uses, tree plantation, rainwater harvesting techniques help us increase immunity power to fight against the drought.

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), American Red Cross, Federal Emergency Management Agency, International Association of Emergency Managers etc. are the best disaster management authorities. NDMA is a core body which obeys the law of Disaster Management. The reputed disaster managers are stuck in finding plans for rescuing from the loss of disaster. Moreover, to counteract the effect of disaster Rajya Sabha passed the ‘Disaster Management Act’ on 23 December 2005 which includes 11 chapters and 79 sections in it. Honourable Prime Minister of India Mr Narendra Modi holds the position of chairman of it.

Youngsters should motivate themselves to learn and practice plenty of disaster management techniques and arrange the camps regarding it. Today, everyone is fighting against one of the breathtaking disasters named COVID-19 which is as big as fighting in world war. Avoiding the crowd, wearing the mask are the basic precautions suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) during this period of fighting. This disease spreads mostly amongst the people who come in close contact with the infected one. So, it's suggested to keep a safe distance of around 3 meters within the others. This is being termed as ‘Social Distancing’. Nature is not cruel nor is it human. Just small management skills help us withstand before, in and after disasters. Uncountable suggestions and instructions in disaster management but few which apply every time must be followed.

Stages of Disaster Management

With proper implementation and structured action, we can prevent or lessen the impact of natural or man-made disasters. There are certain stages involving the cycle for disaster management plan which incorporates policies and emergency responses required for a prospectively complete recovery. The stages are –

The most preferred way to deal with disasters is to be proactive in their prevention rather than rushing later for their cure. This implies recognition of potential hazards and working towards infrastructure to mitigate their impact. This stage in the management cycle involves setting up permanent measures to minimize disaster risk.

Setting up an evacuation plan in a school, training the teachers to lead the students towards safe structures in the event of earthquake, tornado or fire, planning a strong base for high raised sky-scrapers to prepare for earthquakes and designing a city in such a manner that reduces the risk of flooding are some examples of measures takes for disaster prevention.

Mitigation is the first and the foremost attempt to save human lives during the time of disaster or their recovery from the aftermath. The measures which are taken can be both structural and non-structural.

Structural mitigation measures could include transforming the physical characteristics of a building or the surroundings to curb the effect, for example, clearing out of the trees around your house, ensuring that storms don’t knock down the trees and send them crashing into the house. Non-structural measures could include amending the building or locality codes to enhance safety and prevent disasters.

Preparedness

Preparedness is a process that involves a social community where the trained, or the head of the community, businesses and institutions demonstrate the plan of action which is supposed to be executed during the event of a disaster. It is an ongoing continuous process with anticipation of a calamity, which involves training, evaluating and taking corrective action with the highest level of alertness. Some examples of such prevention measures are fire drills, shooter drills and evacuation rehearsals.

The response is the action taken after the disaster has occurred to retrieve some life from it. It includes short-term and long-term responses. In ideal situations, the disaster-management leader will coordinate the use of resources in the restoration process and minimize the risk of further property damage.

During this stage, the area of the calamity is cleared if it poses any further threat to human as well as environmental life. For example, evacuation of the city of Chernobyl, Ukraine, is a responsive action against a disaster.

The fifth and last stage in the process of the disaster management plan is the recovery stage. This can sometimes take years or decades to happen. The larger mass of a city is also sometimes part of the recovery from a disaster. The greatest and the most infamous example of this is the Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear attacks on Japan, it took the people of those cities years and decades to recover from that man-made calamity.

It took years of effort to stabilize the area and restore essential community or individual functions. The recovery stage prioritizes the basic essential needs of human survival like food, drinkable water, utilities, transportation and healthcare over less-essential services. Eventually, this stage is all about coordinating with individuals, communities and businesses to help each other to restore a normal or a new normal, as in the case of Covid-19.

How to Act as a Responsible Person During a Time of Disaster?

Some people have more experience than others with managing natural or man-made disasters and their prevention of them. Although this is that subject of life which should be studied and implemented by every business or community. As it is said rightly, “prevention is better than cure”, and any organization or an individual or a community can be hit by a disaster sooner or later, whether it's something as minor as a prolonged power cut or a life-threatening hurricane or an earthquake. Usually, the pandemics train us, as a social and political community, to deal with natural calamities and compel the organizations responsible for it, to build an infrastructure for its prevention.

To act responsibly and pro-actively during the event of a disaster, we have got to be prepared and equipped as a nation, individually and as a social community. To be well-educated and read with the aspects of disaster management is to be responsible for the handling of it.

FAQs on Disaster Management Essay

1. What is Disaster Management?

In simpler words, disaster management can be defined as the arrangement of resources and precautions to deal with all humanitarian aspects during an emergency. Disasters are the consequences of natural or human hazards. Earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes are some of the deadliest natural disasters to name a few. Examples of man-made disasters are bomb blast, radiations, transport accidents, terrorist attacks etc.

2. What is the Main Aim of Disaster Management?

The main aim of disaster management is prevention, rescue and recovery from the trauma, and development.

3. How to Write an Essay on Disaster Management?

Disaster management refers to the response to an emergency situation to make it as normal as possible. While writing an essay on Disaster Management, you can start with an introduction, then go on with the definition, the types of disaster management, a little in-depth explanation along with examples, and finish it off with a conclusion.

4. Can I Get a Sample Essay on Disaster Management from Vedantu?

Yes, the essay mentioned on this page is about Disaster Management. This essay has been written by the experts of Vedantu keeping the understanding ability of the students of each class.

5. What are the career opportunities in the field of Disaster management?

People looking for career opportunities in the field of disaster management have many pathways to approach it. Some examples of the jobs relating to this line of work are crisis-management leader, disaster-assistance specialist and emergency-planning coordinator. These are the roles which call for varying levels of responsibility in preparing a city or a company for catastrophic events. The job roles can be approached with earning a master’s degree in emergency and crisis management.

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Disaster Management, Types, Cycle [ Projects for Class 9, 10 ]

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Disaster Management: Disaster Management is an incorporated course of planning, sorting out, organizing, and carrying out measures that are essential for risk reduction during disasters and to face the consequences well prepared. Disaster management ensures rescue and relief.

And A disaster is characterized as a disturbance of enormous scope, either regular or man-made, happening in short or extensive stretches. Disasters can prompt human, material, monetary or ecological difficulties, which can be much higher than the tolerable limit of the impacted society.

Table of Content

What is disaster management, disaster management agencies, types of disasters, disaster management cycle, disaster management project, disasters management projects for class 9 and 10, disaster management – faqs.

According to the Disaster Management Act(2005), Disaster Management is Defined as a combined process of planning, organizing, coordinating, and implementing standards that are necessary for the following:

Prevention of the threat of any kind of disaster
Reduction in risk of any kind disaster
Prepare to deal with any disaster
Prompt for dealing with a disaster or its any consequences
Estimating the harshness of the effects due to any disaster
Rescue and relief
Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA): The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), is an important part for the disaster management in India, Which is responsible for the management, direction, and management of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) of India. This Authority is Headed by the Prime Minister of India.

National Executive Committee (NEC): The National Executive Committee is comprised of high-profile members from the government which include the Union Home Secretary (Chairperson), and the Secretaries of Ministries of Agriculture, Atomic Energy, Defence, Drinking Water Supply, Environment, Forests, etc. This Organization prepares the National Plan for Disaster Management according to the National Policy of India on Disaster Management.

State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA): The Chief Minister is the head of the Agencies. The State Gov. has a State Executive Committee (SEC) which assists the SDMA on Disaster Management.

District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA): It is headed by the District Collector, Deputy Commissioner / District Magistrate depending on the Disaster situation, with the elected representatives of the local administration as the Co-Chairperson. This Agencies ensures that the guidelines framed by the NDMA and the SDMA must followed by all administration at the District level.

Local Authorities:- Local authorities includes Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), Municipalities, District as well as Cantonment 11 Institutional and Legal Arrangements Boards, and Town Planning Authorities which is responsible for controlling and managing of services.

Need for disaster management

As per experiences, taking India into account, India is frail against 30 exceptional types of disasters that will impact the monetary, social, and human improvement potential such a lot that it will definitively influence the effectiveness and huge scope of financial execution. This widespread chaos and obliteration lead to the requirement for Disaster Management.

Disasters are classified into two types, namely:

Natural disasters
Man-made disasters

Natural Disasters

Natural disasters are physical peculiarities caused either by quick or slow beginning occasions that promptly affect human wellbeing and auxiliary effects bringing on additional demise and languishing. Natural disasters are further classified into 5 types.

Geophysical natural disasters: Naturally occurring disasters like a volcanic eruption, tsunamis, earthquakes, and landslides are some of the major forms of geophysical natural disasters.
Hydrological natural disasters: Naturally occurring disasters like avalanches and floods are the major forms of hydrological natural disasters.
Climatological natural disasters: Naturally occurring disasters like extreme temperatures, forest fires, and global warming are some of the major forms of climatological disasters.
Meteorological natural disasters: Naturally occurring disasters like cyclones and storms are the major forms of meteorological disasters.
Biological natural disasters: Naturally occurring disasters like disease epidemics and plagues are the major forms of biological disasters.

Manmade Disasters

Manmade Disasters are the events that are brought about by human beings which happen in or near human settlements frequently caused as a consequence of Environmental or Technological Emergencies. Manmade disasters are further classified into three types.

Gas leakages: Gas spills are quite possibly the riskiest man-made disaster on the planet. They can straightforwardly carry unfortunate results to human well-being and the climate. Gas breaks can likewise spread rapidly without notice. It might cause a huge blast and claim human lives.
Oil spillages: Oil spills adversely affect marine creatures. Since the majority of the oil floats in water, the daylight engrossing limit of the water diminishes. Oil spills are serious natural contamination. A ton of poisons are flushed into the air and soil.
Nuclear explosions: Nuclear explosions cause serious damage to the atmosphere and soil and also have a long-lasting impact on the health of the inhabitants.

Disaster management cycle includes four Stage Process: prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. Managing and Controling disasters effectively requires paying careful attention to each stage process.

Here is the four States of Disaster Management Cycle:

1. Prevention

In Disaster Management, Prevention means identifying potential risks and developing safeguards to mitigate their impact. Although The first stage in the process involves placing permanent standards into the place that can help minimize disaster risk.

2. Preparedness

In Disaster Management, Preparedness is an ongoing process in which people, communities, businesses and organizations plan and train for what they’ll do in the situation of a disaster.

3. Response

In Disaster Management, Response is what happens after the disaster occurs. This Process involves both short- and long-term responses in the situation of Disaster.

4. Recovery

In Disaster Management, Recovery is the fourth Process in Disaster management cycle and It is the recovery for all aspects of the disaster’s impact.

A disaster management project is a strategy to create a community or organisation in disaster prevention, response, and recovery. Natural or human-made, disasters can be resulted in a variety of damage, including destruction of physical properties, injuries, and fatalities.

A disaster management project’s purpose is to control the negative effect as well they can:

Identifying potential risks and threats
Creating a plans to reduce the risks and potential negative threats
preparing people for quick disaster response
Placing it in a place a structure to manage relief operations.

The Disasters Management Projects Ideas for Class 9 and Class 10 are the following:

Natural Disasters Management Projects

1. Earthquake: An earthquake is a quick, harsh shaking of the ground that results from the movement of the earth’s crust. It causes significant destruction for humanity. It’s may also cause for a tsunami or even volcanic eruption to result from an earthquake.

2. Cyclone: Cyclones are like intense spinning storm that develops over the ocean near the tropics (or, more accurately, tropical storms).

Human-made Disasters Management Projects

1. Building collapses: Building collapses are very common in India where construction is often impatiently done, with very low gard of safety regulations.

2. Terrorist attacks: Devastating acts like terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre etc causes very terrible effect on humanity. Terrorism may involve devastating acts using weapons of mass destruction ranging from chemical agents, natural risks, a radiological or nuclear machine, and other explosives.

Recommended Articles: Disaster Management in India , Crisis Management

1. What are the 5 ways to do during earthquake?

Here are the 5 things you can do during Earth Quakes: Stay inside where you are. Drop under heavy furniture such as a table, desk, bed or any solid furniture. Cover your head to prevent being hit by falling objects. Hold onto the object that you are under. Keep clear of windows—glass may shatter from the shaking.

2. Explain in detail biological disasters?

The obliterating impacts brought about by a colossal spread of a particular sort of living organism that might spread infection, viruses, or an invasion of plant, creature, or bug on a pestilence or pandemic level. The recent COVID 19 pandemic is an example of a biological natural disaster.

3. How can we avoid manmade disasters?

Constructing risky industries and factories away from cities and towns. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle! Use oil skimmer boats immediately to clean oil spills. Vacate people immediately from affected areas and shift to a safe place and ensure doctor consultation.

4. What is disaster management class 9 project?

A disaster management project is a strategy to help community or organisation in disaster prevention, response, and recovery. It is Created by the Social communities, Government Organization and Trust Agencies.

5. What are the Disaster Management project ideas?

Best Disaster Management Project ideas for college students ( Class 9, 10, 11) Rescue. Relocation. Provision Food and Water. Provision Emergency Health Care. Prevention of Disease and Disability. Repairing Vital Services e.g. Telecommunications, Transport. Provision Temporary Shelter.

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NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Disaster Management PDF Download

Ncert solutions for class 10 disaster management.

Download NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Disaster Management

Chapter 1 Tsunami The Killer sea Waves
Chapter 2 Survival Skills
Ch 3 Alternative Communication Systems
Chapter 4 Safe Construction Practices
Chapter 5 Sharing Responsibilities
Ch 6 Planning Ahead

NCERT Solutions For Class 10 PDF Download

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According to the Disaster Management Act (2005), Disaster Management is Defined as a combined process of planning, organizing, coordinating, and implementing standards that are necessary for the following: Prevention of the threat of any kind of disaster. Reduction in risk of any kind disaster. Prepare to deal with any disaster.
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Disaster Management Project for Class 9 and 10 PDF Download

Table of Content:

What is Disaster Management?

Types of Disasters

Importance of Disaster Management

Disaster Management Cycle

Case Studies of Major Disasters in India

Preparedness for disasters

Preparedness Measures for Different Types of Disasters:

Role of individuals in Disaster Management

Disaster Management Project Presentation:

Disaster Project Management Conclusion:

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