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Techniques for Paraphrasing

When you write a paraphrase, you restate other’s ideas in your own words. That is, you write the meaning of the author’s ideas. You use some of the author’s key terms, but you use many of your own words and sentence structures. You include in-text citation, including the author’s last name and (for APA style) the year of publication.

An effective paraphrase includes more than one of the following techniques. If you use only one of these techniques when paraphrasing, you have not paraphrased effectively.  

  • Change a word from one part of speech to another

Original:  Medical professor John Swanson says that global changes are influencing the spread of disease.

Paraphrase:  According to John Swanson, a professor of medicine, changes across the globe are causing diseases to spread (James, 2004).

  • Use synonyms

Original:  The U.S. government declared that the AIDS crisis poses a national security threat.  The announcement followed an intelligence report that found high rates of HIV infection could lead to widespread political destabilization.

Paraphrase: The government of the United States announced that AIDS could harm the nation's security.  The government warned the population after an important governmental study concluded that political problems could result from large numbers of people infected with HIV (Snell, 2005).

  • Change numbers and percentages to different forms

Original: Minority groups in the United States have been hit hardest by the epidemic.  African Americans, who make up 13 percent of the U.S. population, accounted for 46 percent of the AIDS cases diagnosed in 1998.

Paraphrase: The AIDS epidemic has mostly affected minorities in the United States.  For example, in 1998, less than 15 percent of the total population was African, but almost half of the people diagnosed with AIDS in the United States that year were African America (Jenson, 2000).

  • Change word order:  this might include changing from active to passive voice or moving modifiers to different positions.  

Original: Angier (2001) reported that malaria kills more than one million people annually, the overwhelming majority of them children in sub-Saharan Africa.

Paraphrase: Every year, more than a million people are killed by malaria, and most of the victims are children who live in sub-Saharan Africa (Angier, 2001).

    5. Use different definition structures

Original: Lyme disease is an inflammatory disease caused by a bacterium transmitted by ticks (small bloodsucking arachnids that attach themselves to larger animals). The disease is usually characterized by a rash followed by flu-like symptoms, including fever, joint pain, and headache.

Paraphrase: Lyme disease-a disease that causes swelling and redness-is caused by a bacterium carried by a small arachnid known as a tick. The ticks attach to and suck the blood of animals and humans, transferring some of the Lyme disease bacteria into their hosts and causing symptoms similar to the flu (Wald, 2005).

    6. Use different attribution signals

Original: “That’s because there are so many different ways the diseases could have arrived,” veterinarian Mark Walters declared in his recent book, Six Modern Plagues.

Paraphrase: According to Mark Walters, a veterinarian who wrote Six Modern Plagues, the disease could have arrived in numerous ways (Peterson, 2004).

   7. Change the sentence structure and use different connecting words

Original:  Although only about one-tenth of the world’s population lives there, sub-Saharan Africa remains the hardest hit region, accounting for 72 percent of the people infected with HIV during 2000.

Paraphrase: Approximately 10 percent of the world’s population resides in sub-Saharan Africa.  However, this area of the world has the highest percentage of AIDS-related illnesses.  In fact, in 2000, almost three-fourths of the population had the HIV virus (Bunting, 2004).

Caution:  When paraphrasing, do not change key terms or proper nouns.

Original: In the northeastern United States, people are building homes on the edge of woods, where ticks that carry Lyme disease hitch rides on deer.  In addition, in Africa, hunters bring back the meat of animals that scientists think may transmit Ebola, a usually fatal disease that causes massive hemorrhaging in its victims.

Paraphrase: In the United States, residential areas are being built near wooded areas in the northeast. These areas are also the homes of ticks carrying Lyme disease.  Also, according to scientists, hunters in Africa kill animals that may carry the Ebola virus (an often fatal virus that causes massive hemorrhaging) (Yaya, 2004).

Schuemann, C., Bryd, P., & Reid, J. (2006). College Writing 4 (1st ed.). USA: Heinle/ELT. Reproduced by permission .

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Unit 2: Paraphrasing and Avoiding Plagiarism

7 Paraphrasing Techniques

Technique #1: tell-a-friend method.

This method involves using a new way to explain the meaning of the original sentence.

  • Read the original sentence(s).
  • Make sure you understand the sentence(s) completely.
  • Cover the original source.
  • Imagine you are talking to a friend and try explaining the information to your friend. Write down your explanation.
  • Read the original source and make sure you have retained the original meaning.
  • (See Technique #4 below: Using AI-based paraphrasing tools to improve your paraphrasing.)

Practice the Tell-a-Friend method using the proverbs below.

Proverb: You can’t judge a book by its cover.

Paraphrase: Things sometimes look different from what they really are.

Match the proverb with its paraphrase. (Answers located below.)

Technique #2: Chunking method

Another way to paraphrase is to break the original into smaller units, or “chunks.” This method can be useful for longer passages.

  • Read the original sentence(s) and make sure you understand the sentence(s) completely.
  • Divide the sentence(s) into chunks (these are often grammatical clauses). Underline each chunk, focusing on how you can divide the sentence into phrases.
  • Re-write each chunk in your own words.
  • Combine these rewritten chunks into one or more sentences to create a paraphrase. Think about how the ideas are related to each other; you might need to include additional words (e.g. transition phrases) as you combine the chunks.
  • You may re-order the chunks to make the order of ideas different from the original, but if you do, make sure the paraphrase still makes sense.

Chunking examples:

#1 Original: “As more and more people have become increasingly used to sharing and collaborating outside the workplace via social networks, (chunk 1) they are coming to expect firms to be more open and collaborative places too (chunk 2).” From Author Unknown, “Yammering Away at the Office,” (2010), p. 1.

  • 1) people have grown more accustomed to using social media platforms for collaboration and sharing ideas beyond their jobs
  • 2) there are increasing expectations that companies will encourage more collaboration.

Paraphrase: Workers are expecting companies to encourage more collaboration since many people have grown accustomed to using social media platforms for collaboration and sharing ideas beyond their jobs (“Yammering away at the office,” 2010, p. 1).

#2 Original: “Psychologists have argued that digital technology is changing the way we write (chunk 1) in that students no longer need to plan essays before starting to write (chunk 2) because word processing software allows them to edit as they go along (chunk 3).” From David Derbyshire, “Social websites harm children’s brains,” (2009), p. 2.

  • 1) psychologists claim that computers and software are influencing the writing process
  • 2) students can skip the planning process
  • 3) word processing programs help them revise throughout the writing process

Paraphrase: Because word processing programs help students revise their essays throughout the writing process and even skip the planning process altogether, psychologists claim that computers and software are influencing the writing process (Derbyshire, 2009, p. 2)

Adapted from Dollahite, N.E. & Huan, J. (2012). SourceWork: Academic Writing for Success.

Technique #3: Paraphrasing plus Summarizing method

Sometimes you will be able to identify one or two specific sentences to paraphrase. However, it is more common to use information from a longer passage, like a paragraph or two, or a section or sections of an article. To do this effectively, you must combine the skills of paraphrasing and summarizing.

  • Paraphrasing: Restating an individual sentence that contains key ideas in your own words, keeping the same length and meaning.
  • Summarizing: Expressing an overall idea of a longer passage in your own words, keeping the same meaning, but making it much more concise (shorten it).

Follow these steps to summarize AND paraphrase:

  • Identify the original chunk(s) of text that you would like to cite in your paper.
  • Read the chunk(s) several times to make sure you have accurate understanding and are able to “tell a friend” what the chunks are about.
  • In the margins, identify key words, synonyms, or ideas that describe each chunk (color-coding can help identify similar ideas).
  • Think about the most logical sequence of these ideas; you could number them.
  • Write your summary, keeping it short (1 to 3 sentences). Set it aside.
  • Re-read the ideas in the margins and your summary and rewrite any parts you feel could be improved; repeat steps 5-6 as needed.

The example below illustrates how a student used the skills of paraphrasing and summarizing below to condense a paragraph into a single sentence.

Original: “ The pandemic tested the resilience of colleges and universities as they executed online learning on a massive scale by creating online courses, adopting and adapting to unfamiliar technologies, engaging faculty en masse in remote teaching, and successfully meeting the instructional needs of students. Those experiences and lessons should not be discarded. The next phase for higher education in a post-COVID-19 world is to harness what worked well during the emergency response period and use those experiences to improve institutional practices for the benefit of both internal and external constituencies in the future.” From John Nworie, “Beyond COVID-19: What’s next for online teaching and learning in higher education,” (2021), p. 7.

  • 1) valuable lessons learned
  • 2) higher education institutions developed large-scale online courses
  • 3) as a response to the pandemic
  • 4) adapting and overcoming challenges in the process
  • 5) should be applied to future education models

Paraphrase: Nworie (2021) recommends that the valuable lessons learned as higher education institutions developed large-scale online courses as a response to the pandemic, adapting and overcoming challenges in the process, should be applied to future education models (p. 7).

Proverbs matching answers: 1-d, 2-a, 3-e, 4-c, 5-b

Technique #4: Using Online Tools

AI-based paraphrasing tools can help you improve your writing. Most tools have free and premium versions, which have more features. Examples include:

The best way to use AI-based paraphrasing tools is to write your own version first and then use the tool to find alternative ways to express your paraphrase. Being able to write a paraphrase on your own will allow you to evaluate the effectiveness of AI-generated paraphrases.

Benefits of using AI-tools:

  • By seeing how the tool rewrites your text, you can learn to identify where your writing could be improved. You can learn to use more effective vocabulary, or how to structure your sentences in a more effective way.
  • You can expand your vocabulary and learn effective collocations.
  • You can spot grammar errors you make and learn to avoid and correct them.

Follow these guidelines when using AI tools for writing paraphrases:

  • Write the paraphrase on your own first. Then paste your paraphrase into the AI with a clear prompt to check its effectiveness.
  • When using AI to support your writing, always review the original text to ensure the AI accurately maintained the meaning of the original passage.
  • Some tools only change the words and not the overall structure. If they tool only uses synonyms, you must change the grammar yourself.
  • Always check the citation format. Do not assume the tool will use the correct citation.

To learn more about how to cite your use of AI Tools see the UW Libraries’ Research Guides on Citing Generative AI.

Knowledge Check

Exercise: take the paraphrasing quiz below..

From Excelsior Online Writing Lab, Paraphrasing – Try it Out

Academic Writing I Copyright © by UW-Madison ESL Program is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Paraphrasing involves expressing someone else’s ideas or thoughts in your own words while maintaining the original meaning. Paraphrasing tools can help you quickly reword text by replacing certain words with synonyms or restructuring sentences. They can also make your text more concise, clear, and suitable for a specific audience. Paraphrasing is an essential skill in academic writing and professional communication. 

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Simply click on any word to open the interactive thesaurus.

  • Choose from a list of suggested synonyms
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  • Replace the word with a single click

Paraphrase in two ways

Paraphrase in two ways

  • Standard: Offers a compromise between modifying and preserving the meaning of the original text
  • Fluency: Improves language and corrects grammatical mistakes.

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Upload different types of documents

Upload any Microsoft Word document, Google Doc, or PDF into the paraphrasing tool.

Download or copy your results

Download or copy your results

After you’re done, you can easily download or copy your text to use somewhere else.

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The paraphrasing tool uses natural language processing to rewrite any text you give it. This way, you can paraphrase any text within seconds.

How does this paraphrasing tool work?

1. put your text into the paraphraser, 2. select your method of paraphrasing, 3. select the quantity of synonyms you want, 4. edit your text where needed, who can use this paraphrasing tool.

Students

Paraphrasing tools can help students to understand texts and improve the quality of their writing. 

Teachers

Create original lesson plans, presentations, or other educational materials.

Researchers

Researchers

Explain complex concepts or ideas to a wider audience. 

Journalists

Journalists

Quickly and easily rephrase text to avoid repetitive language.

Copywriters

Copywriters

By using a paraphrasing tool, you can quickly and easily rework existing content to create something new and unique.

Bloggers

Bloggers can rewrite existing content to make it their own.

Writers

Writers who need to rewrite content, such as adapting an article for a different context or writing content for a different audience.

Marketers

A paraphrasing tool lets you quickly rewrite your original content for each medium, ensuring you reach the right audience on each platform.

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Frequently asked questions

The act of putting someone else’s ideas or words into your own words is called paraphrasing, rephrasing, or rewording. Even though they are often used interchangeably, the terms can mean slightly different things:

Paraphrasing is restating someone else’s ideas or words in your own words while retaining their meaning. Paraphrasing changes sentence structure, word choice, and sentence length to convey the same meaning.

Rephrasing may involve more substantial changes to the original text, including changing the order of sentences or the overall structure of the text.

Rewording is changing individual words in a text without changing its meaning or structure, often using synonyms.

It can. One of the two methods of paraphrasing is called “Fluency.” This will improve the language and fix grammatical errors in the text you’re paraphrasing.

Paraphrasing and using a paraphrasing tool aren’t cheating. It’s a great tool for saving time and coming up with new ways to express yourself in writing.  However, always be sure to credit your sources. Avoid plagiarism.  

If you don’t properly cite text paraphrased from another source, you’re plagiarizing. If you use someone else’s text and paraphrase it, you need to credit the original source. You can do that by using citations. There are different styles, like APA, MLA, Harvard, and Chicago. Find more information about citing sources here.

Paraphrasing without crediting the original author is a form of plagiarism , because you’re presenting someone else’s ideas as if they were your own.

However, paraphrasing is not plagiarism if you correctly cite the source . This means including an in-text citation and a full reference, formatted according to your required citation style .

As well as citing, make sure that any paraphrased text is completely rewritten in your own words.

Plagiarism means using someone else’s words or ideas and passing them off as your own. Paraphrasing means putting someone else’s ideas in your own words.

So when does paraphrasing count as plagiarism?

  • Paraphrasing is plagiarism if you don’t properly credit the original author.
  • Paraphrasing is plagiarism if your text is too close to the original wording (even if you cite the source). If you directly copy a sentence or phrase, you should quote it instead.
  • Paraphrasing  is not plagiarism if you put the author’s ideas completely in your own words and properly cite the source .

paraphrasing

Paraphrasing

Jul 29, 2014

1.21k likes | 2.75k Views

Paraphrasing. What is it?. What is paraphrasing. Paraphrasing is taking someone else’s words and restating the same idea but in our own words. The words MUST be almost completely different from the original, so we must change more than just a few words!

  • new sentence
  • young girl meet
  • different ways

akiva

Presentation Transcript

Paraphrasing What is it?

What is paraphrasing • Paraphrasing is taking someone else’s words and restating the same idea but in our own words. • The words MUST be almost completely different from the original, so we must change more than just a few words! • However, the meaning MUST stay the same!

How do we paraphrase? • Method 1: Tell-a-Friend • Read something and without looking at it try to tell the person next to you what you just read. • Then check the original to make sure the meaning stayed the same. Example: There are several methods that can be used by students to restate information that they read.

Examples Example: There are several methods that can be used by students to restate information that they read. Some acceptable paraphrases: 1. Students can paraphrase reading passages many different ways. 2. There are many methods that students can use to paraphrase what they read. 3.Many different techniques exist for students to paraphrase reading material. One of these is NOT ACCEPTABLE! Which one is it?

Why is it unacceptable? Example: There are several methods that can be used by students to restate information that they read. There are many methods that students can use to paraphrasewhatthey read.

How do we paraphrase? • Method 2: Block-by-block • This method breaks the sentence down into sections and you change the words of each block. • It is helpful to rearrange the blocks to add more difference to the new sentence – but be CAREFUL: the sentence must still make sense to the reader! Example: When a nice young man and a nice young girl meet for a first date, they will be extra polite because their parents taught them that it is important to put your best face forward.

When a nice young man and a nice young girl meet for a first date, • they will be extra polite • because their parents taught them that it is important to put your best face forward

When a nice young man and a nice young girl meet for a first date, they will be extra polite because their parents taught them that it is important to put your best face forward. Young ladies and gentlemen, whose parent have told them to always impress someone when they first meet, will be extremely cordial on first dates.

WARNING!! • Just because you re-worded the information does NOT make if yours! If you use paraphrasing in an essay you MUST CITE your source (tell where you got the information from), otherwise it is still PLAGAIRISM!

Idioms Practice At dinner the mother said to the child, “Eat your greens on your own. Do not try pawning them off on the dog.”

Idioms Practice • We wrap up around 5pm more or less every night, but sometimes we pull an all-nighter and don’t leave until the sun comes up.

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    Lesson Paraphrasing lesson presentation Introduce paraphrasing to students as a skill that will help them to establish credibility, maintain flow and style, provide an alternative to direct quotations, and strengthen their writing. Consider conducting a discussion afterward to review the topics presented. Download PPTX (US) Download PPTX (UK)

  11. Paraphrasing Techniques

    Technique #2: Chunking method. Another way to paraphrase is to break the original into smaller units, or "chunks.". This method can be useful for longer passages. Read the original sentence (s) and make sure you understand the sentence (s) completely. Divide the sentence (s) into chunks (these are often grammatical clauses).

  12. Paraphrasing techniques

    TechSoup • 117 views. L4 - PropertiesPureSubstances 2023.pptx. Keith Vaugh • 85. Paraphrasing techniques - Download as a PDF or view online for free.

  13. How to Paraphrase

    A paraphrase takes a bunch of information and puts it into your own words. This does not mean changing 4-5 words in a sentence, and saying it's now your own words. Its structure is changed, not just the words. Ideas all stay the same. Figure out what the sentence or paragraph means, then rewrite. .

  14. Paraphrasing

    1. Identify a passage that contains important information in language too complicated or too boring to quote. "When the accumulation of wealth is no longer of high social importance, there will be...

  15. Paraphrasing

    Steps to paraphrase •Read the passage carefully •Decide the main ideas of the passage •Highlight important words or phrases •Put the main points in your own words 5. Guidelines for Paraphrasing 1. Change the structure or order of the sentence and/or paragraph. Students seem to be under serious stress because they have so much homework.

  16. Paraphrasing ppt

    Paraphrasing Power Point BMS 24.7K views•7 slides. Teaching Paraphrasing to students Kevin Cummins 47.2K views•15 slides. Paraphrasing kd4bears 30.8K views•19 slides. informative writing emral8 4.7K views•27 slides. Writing good paragraphs ppt Abdul Rehman 20.2K views•18 slides.

  17. #1 Free Paraphrasing Tool

    Free assessment People are in love with our paraphrasing tool What's a paraphrasing tool? This AI-powered paraphraser lets you rewrite text in your own words. Use it to paraphrase articles, essays, and other pieces of text. You can also use it to rephrase sentences and find synonyms for individual words. And the best part? It's all 100% free!

  18. PPT

    Paraphrasing Techniques • Change from a Clause to a Phrase (or vice versa) • Change from Quoted Speech to Indirect Speech (or vice versa) • Change from Active Voice to Passive Voice (or vice versa) • Change to Synonyms • Change Word Forms Change from a Clause to a Phrase • After he studied, John took a nap. • Afterstudying, John took a nap.

  19. PPT

    Presentation Transcript. Paraphrasing • To paraphrase is to say the same thing in another way, using your own words. • We can successfully paraphrase by using a combination of techniques. Paraphrasing Techniques • Change from a Clause to a Phrase (or vice versa) • Change from Quoted Speech to Indirect Speech (or vice versa) • Change ...

  20. paraphrasing techniques.ppt

    1 of 23 paraphrasing techniques.ppt Jan. 10, 2023 • 0 likes • 37 views Download Now Download to read offline Education Paraphrasing rules AyeshaGul67 Follow Recommended Paraphrasing techniques Universidad Santo Tomás Colombia 752 views•16 slides Paraphrasing techniques Wira Galacticos 2K views•16 slides

  21. PPT

    Example: There are several methods that can be used by students to restate information that they read. Examples Example: There are several methods that can be used by students to restate information that they read. Some acceptable paraphrases: 1. Students can paraphrase reading passages many different ways. 2.

  22. Techniques for paraphrasing

    3. Changing the grammatical structure Here one grammatical structure for making a comparison ("slower than") has been replaced with another ("not as rapid as"). 4. Using several techniques In this final example, you will notice that: the order in which information is presented is different in the paraphrase

  23. Free Paraphrasing Tool

    The words paraphrasing, rewording, and rephrasing tend to be used interchangeably in everyday speech, but they have differences. Paraphrasing, often used in academia, is the act of taking someone else's idea or writing and putting it into your own words.Often this involves summarizing sentences, but you can also paraphrase paragraphs, essays, articles, or larger works.