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Criminology Board Exam Reviewer 43

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criminology board exam reviewer          Home Criminalistics L.E.A. Law Crime Detection Criminal Sociology Correction Blog Contact Us Criminal Justice System 1    Personalized Gifts Public arrest records Medical Insurance Criminal Justice System - is the system of practices and institutions of governments directed at upholding social control, deterring and mitigating crime or sanctioning those who violate laws with criminal penalties and rehabilitation efforts. 3. Goals of Criminal Justice to protect individuals and society to reduce crime by bringing offenders to justice to increase the security of the people 1. 2. 3. Criminal Justice System consists of three main parts legislative - create laws courts - adjudication corrections - jail, prison, probation, parole 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Participants of Criminal Justice System police - first contact of offender since they investigate wrongdoing and makes arrest. prosecution - proves the guilt or innocence of wrongdoers. court - venue where disputes are settled and justice is administered. correction - after accused is found guilty, he is put to jail or prison to be reformed. community - where the convict after service of sentence comes back to be integrated to be a productive member of society. Community Policing - the system of allocating officers to particular areas so that they become familiar Justice - the quality of being just, fair and reasonable. Rule of law - is a legal maxim whereby governmental decisions be made by applying known legal principles. Judge - a public officer who presides over court proceedings and hear and decide cases in a court of law either alone or as part of a panel of judges. Prosecutor - the person responsible for presenting the case  in a criminal trial against an individual accused of breaking the law. Law - is a system of rules of conduct established by the sovereign government of a society to correct wrongs, maintain the stability of political and social authority and deliver justice. Plaintiff - the person who brings a case against another in court of law. Respondent - the defendant in a lawsuit. Appellee - the respondent in a case appealed to a higher court. Appellant - the party who appeals the decision of the lower court. A person who applies to a higher court for a reversal of the decision of a lower court. Stare Decisis - the legal principle of determining points in litigation according to precedent. Latin for "to stand by that which is decided", general practice of adhering to previous decisions when it makes new one. with the local inhabitants. Early History of Punishment 1. Early Greece and Rome      a. most common state administered punishment          was banishment and exile.      b. economic punishment such as fins for such crime          as assault on slave, arson, or house breaking. 2. Middle 5th to 15th century      a. blood feuds were the norm.      b. law and government not responsible for conflict. 3. Post 11th century feudal periods      a. fine system, punishment often consisted of          payment to feudal lord.      b. goals, public order and pacifying the injured.      c. corporal punishment for poor who can not pay. 4. 1500's      a. urbanization and industrialization, use of torture          and mutilation showed and punishment began to          be more monetary based.      b. use of gallery slaves - ship-rowers.      c. shipped inmates to american colonies 5. 1700's - early 1800's      a. increase in prison population      b. gap between rich and poor widens      c. physicality of punishment increases Goals of Punishment 1. General Deterrence - the state tries to convince     potential criminals that the punishment they face is     certain, swift, and severe so that they will be afraid     to commit an offense. 2. Specific Deterrence - convincing offenders that the     pains of punishment is greater than the benefits of     crime so they will not repeat their criminal offending 3. Incapacitation - if dangerous criminals are kept     behind bars, they will not be able to repeat their     illegal activities. 4. Retribution/Just Desert - punishment should be no     more or less than the offenders actions deserve, it     must be based on how blameworthy the person is. 5. Equity/Restitution - convicted criminals must pay     back their victims for their loss, the justice system     for the costs of processing their case and society     for any disruption they may have caused. 6. Rehabilitation - if the proper treatment is applied,     an offender will present no further threat to society 7. Diversion - criminals are diverted into a community     correctional program for treatment to avoid stigma     of incarceration.The convicted offender might be     asked to make payments to the crime victim or     participate in a community based program that     features counseling. 8. Restorative Justice - repairs injuries suffered by     the victim and the community while insuring     reintegration of the offender.Turn the justice     system into a healing process rather than a     distributor of retribution and revenge. 3 Broad Categories of Crime 1. Sensational crime 2. Street Crime 3. Corporate Crime, White Collar Crime, and Miranda Doctrine - criminal suspect has the right to remain silent which means they have the right to refuse to answer questions from the police.They have the right to an attorney and if they can not afford an attorney, one will be provided for them at no charge. Pro Bono - legal work done for free. Writ - a form of written command in the name of the court or other legal authority to act or abstain from acting in some way. Subpoena - is a writ issued by a court authority to compel the attendance of a witness at a judicial proceeding. Summon - a legal document issued by a court or administrative agency of government authoritatively or urgently call on someone to be present. Discretion - the use of personal decision making and choice in carrying out operations in the criminal justice system. What is twelve table? early Roman laws written around 450 BC which regulated family.religious, and economic life. What is the medical model of punishment? - a view of corrections holding that convicted offenders are victims of their environment or sick people who were suffering from some social malady that prevented them into valuable members of society. What is the difference between Indeterminate sentence and Determinate sentence? 1. Indeterminate sentence     a. a term of incarceration with a stated minimum         and maximum length. ex. 3-10years     b. prisoner is eligible for parole after the minimum         sentenced has been served.     c. based on belief that sentences fit the criminal,         indeterminate sentences allow individualized         sentences and provide for sentencing flexibility.     d. judges can set a high minimum to override the         purpose of the indeterminate sentence. 2. Determinate sentence     a. a fixed term of incarceration ex. 3 years     b. these sentences are felt by many to be         restrictive for rehabilitative purposes.     c. offenders know exactly how much time they         have to serve. Various Factors Shaping Length of Prison Terms 1. Legal Factors     a. the severity of the offense     b. the offenders prior criminal record     c. whether the offender used violence     d. whether the offender used weapons     e. whether the crime was committed for money 2. Extra Legal Factors     a. social class     b. gender     Organized Crime. Sensational Crime - certain offenses are selected for their sensational nature and made into national issues.Much of what we know about crime comes from the media. Street Crime - includes a wide variety of acts both in public and private spaces including interpersonal violence and property crime.     c. age     d. victim characteristics What are the institutions of socialization? 1. Family 2. Religion 3. Schools 4. Media Family - is the primary institution of socialization in society.   Create a free website with  o o  o  o  o o o o o  o o o o o o o o o  o o  o o o o    o o    Police Photography> police photography definition of terms police photography review notes Personal Identification> personal identification reviewer 1 Forensic Medicine> forensic medicine definition of terms Lie Detection and Interrogation> lie detection and interrogation reviewer 1 lie detection and interrogation reviewer 2 lie detection and interrogation reviewer 3 lie detection and interrogation reviewer 4 lie detection and interrogation reviewer 5 Forensic Ballistics> forensic ballistics definition of terms forensic ballistics reviewer 1 forensic ballistics reviewer 2 forensic ballistics reviewer 3 forensic ballistics reviewer 4 forensic ballistics reviewer 5 forensic ballistics reviewer 6 forensic ballistics reviewer 7 forensic ballistics reviewer 8 Questioned Documents> questioned document definition of terms questioned document reviewer 1 Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology> forensic chemistry definition of terms forensic chemistry reviewer 1 forensic chemistry reviewer 2 forensic toxicology reviewer 1 criminalistics review questions criminalistics review questions 2 Administration Of Police Organization> administration of police organization review questions 1 administration of police organization review questions 2 Patrol Organization And Operation Police Operational Planning Intelligence And Secret Service> o o o     o o o        o  o  o            o   intelligence and secret service reviewer 1 intelligence and secret service reviewer 2 intelligence and secret service reviewer 3 Industrial Security Management Law Enforcement Administration review questions Criminal Law (Book 1) Criminal Law (Book 2)> Heinous Crimes Act Of 1993 Republic Act No. 8294 Anti-Money Laundering Act Of 2001 R.A. NO. 9160 Criminal Procedure Criminal Evidence criminal jurisprudence definition of terms criminal jurisprudence review questions Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation Special Crime Investigation Fire Technology and Investigation> fire technology and investigation reviewer 1 Traffic Operation and Accident Investigation> traffic operation definition of terms Drug Education and Vice Control> Drug Education Definition of Terms Police Report Writing (Technical English) crime detection review questions Introduction to Criminology Criminal Justice System Juvenile Delinquency Human Behavior and Crises Management Seminar on Contemporary Police Problem Police Ethics and Community Relations criminology reviewer sociology of crimes review questions Penal Management> penal management review questions 1 Probation correctional administration review questions

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