how to write igcse english essays

How to Write an Outstanding IGCSE English Essay?

• Author: Litera Centre
• Updated: November 27, 2023
• Language: English

Writing an outstanding IGCSE English essay is a skill that can elevate your academic performance and equip you with invaluable communication abilities. Whether you’re a student aiming to excel in your IGCSE examinations or an aspiring writer looking to hone your craft, mastering the art of essay composition is essential. 

In this blog, we’ll delve into the intricacies of crafting exceptional IGCSE English essays. From understanding the essay prompt and organizing your thoughts to perfecting your writing style and enhancing your argumentation, we’ll provide you with a comprehensive guide to help you tackle this academic endeavor with confidence and finesse. 

Let’s dig deeper to unlock the secrets of impressive essay writing.

The Significance of IGCSE English Essay!

Before giving you the tips to ace the IGCSE English essay writing, let’s know the significance of this section first: 

Global Recognition & Standardization: 

The IGCSE English Essay holds immense significance due to its global recognition and standardization. It is administered by Cambridge Assessment International Education, which is respected worldwide for its rigorous curriculum and assessments. This means that when a student completes the IGCSE English Essay, their achievement is recognized and respected by educational institutions and employers around the world.

Enhanced Language Proficiency: 

The IGCSE English Essay plays a pivotal role in enhancing a student’s language proficiency. It encourages students to engage with diverse texts, fostering their reading, writing, and comprehension skills. As a result, students become more adept at expressing their ideas and thoughts clearly and effectively, a crucial skill in both academic and professional settings.

Critical Thinking and Analytical Skills:

Another significant aspect of the IGCSE English Essay is its emphasis on critical thinking and analytical skills. Through analyzing literary texts, students develop the ability to dissect complex ideas, interpret themes, and make persuasive arguments. These skills are not only essential for success in the English subject but are transferable to various fields, including law, journalism, and research.

Cultural Awareness & Empathy: 

The IGCSE English Essay often includes a variety of literary works from different cultures and periods. This exposure fosters cultural awareness and empathy in students as they explore the perspectives and experiences of characters from diverse backgrounds. Such awareness is vital in today’s interconnected world, promoting tolerance and understanding.

Preparation for Advanced Study and Careers: 

Beyond its academic benefits, the IGCSE English Essay serves as a crucial stepping stone for students planning to pursue further education or careers that require strong communication and writing skills. It provides a solid foundation for more advanced English courses, including A-levels and university-level studies. Additionally, in a professional context, effective writing and communication skills are highly valued and can open doors to a wide range of career opportunities.

In conclusion, the IGCSE English Essay holds great significance in a student’s educational journey. It offers a standardized platform for language development, fosters critical thinking, promotes cultural awareness, and equips students with skills that are valuable both in academia and the professional world. Its benefits extend far beyond the classroom, making it a valuable and worthwhile component of a student’s education.

Step-to-Step Process to Write an Excellent IGCSE English Essay: 

Here are seven steps you must follow to write an outstanding IGCSE English essay: 

Step 1: Understand the Essay Prompt: 

This step involves dissecting the essay question meticulously. In simpler words, you need to identify essential keywords as well as directives, such as “analyze,” “discuss,” or “compare.” 

By carefully deconstructing the prompt, you gain a clear understanding of what the essay requires. This initial comprehension is vital, as it forms the basis for your essay’s direction and structure. It ensures that you don’t deviate from the essay’s core purpose and helps you focus on addressing the specific elements the prompt intends to evaluate, setting the stage for a well-structured and on-point essay.

Step 2: Brainstorm and Plan: 

Here, you take time to gather your thoughts and devise a strategic approach. Start by brainstorming ideas related to the essay prompt, considering potential arguments, themes, and examples. This brainstorming helps clarify your thoughts and allows you to identify the most compelling points to include in your essay. 

Subsequently, create an outline or a mind map that organizes these ideas into a coherent structure. This plan serves as a roadmap for your essay, ensuring that your arguments flow logically and are well-organized. 

By investing time in this step, you set yourself up for a more organized and effective essay.

Step 3: Introduction with a Strong Thesis Statement: 

Needless to say, the introduction serves as the gateway to your essay, and it should be engaging to capture the reader’s attention. It begins with a hook, which can be a quote, a question, or a compelling statement relevant to the topic. 

Following the hook, you must present a clear and concise thesis statement that outlines the central argument or purpose of your essay. 

The thesis statement is the essay’s backbone, providing a roadmap for what the reader can expect. It sets the tone and direction for the entire essay and is essential for a well-structured and coherent piece of writing.

Step 4: Body Paragraphs with Evidence and Analysis:

Each body paragraph should begin with a clear topic sentence, summarizing the main point of that specific paragraph. Following this, you should provide supporting evidence, which may include quotes from the text, examples, or references to literary elements. 

Once the evidence is presented, you need to engage in in-depth analysis. This means interpreting and explaining the significance of the evidence in your thesis statement. 

The combination of evidence and analysis reinforces your arguments and ensures that your essay is not just a summary, but a critical exploration of the topic, fostering a deeper understanding of the text and its themes.

Step 6: Transition Smoothly Between Paragraphs: 

To maintain the coherence and flow of your essay, you should use transitional words and phrases effectively. These transitions connect your ideas, guide the reader through your argument, and establish logical relationships between paragraphs. 

Common transitional words and phrases include “furthermore,” “however,” “in contrast,” and “conversely.” 

By implementing these transitions, you create a seamless narrative that allows the reader to follow your essay’s progression effortlessly. This step is essential for making your IGCSE English Essay more comprehensible and ensuring that your arguments are presented in a clear and interconnected manner.

Step 7: Conclusion and Final Thoughts: 

In this stage, you need to summarize the key points you’ve made in the body of your essay, restate your thesis statement using different wording, and provide a sense of closure to your argument. 

Your conclusion should offer a concise reflection on the main themes and arguments, reinforcing their significance and relevance. It should leave a lasting impression on the reader, helping them understand the broader implications of your analysis. 

A strong conclusion ties up your essay neatly, leaving a lasting impact and ensuring that your message resonates with the reader.

Step 8: Proofread and Edit: 

This step involves a comprehensive review of your work to eliminate grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and punctuation issues. In addition to basic mechanics, you should also assess the clarity and coherence of your writing. 

Ensure that your arguments and ideas are logically presented and that your essay is well-structured. Reading your essay aloud can help identify awkward phrasing or convoluted sentences. 

Editing is a critical step that polishes your work, ensuring it is clear, concise, and free from distractions. It guarantees that your message is communicated effectively and leaves a lasting positive impression on the reader.

Master IGCSE English Essay Writing with Litera Centre:

Are you preparing for the IGCSE English examination, particularly focused on mastering essay writing? Look no further—Litera Centre is here to provide you with the expert guidance, valuable resources, and personalized coaching you need to excel.

Expert Coaching for IGCSE English Success : 

At Litera Centre, we know how important it is to do well in the IGCSE English Essay. Our team of experienced teachers and English experts is here to help you reach your academic goals. We offer personalized coaching to help you master:

• Essay Structure
• Argument Development
• Grammar and Syntax

Comprehensive Resources and Strategies :

With our expert guidance, you’ll learn how to:

• Write Strong Essays
• Understand Complex Questions
• Improve Analytical Skills

Our resources and strategies will give you the confidence and precision you need to excel in your exams.

Take Control of Your Success :

Don’t leave your IGCSE English success to chance. Let Litera Centre help you achieve excellence. Join us today and take a big step toward mastering your IGCSE English exam and boosting your academic performance.

Connect with Litera Centre :

Visit Litera Centre now and start your journey to IGCSE English success! Our team is ready to support you every step of the way.

How Can Litera Centre Help You? 

So, are you preparing for the IGCSE English examination, with a specific focus on essay writing? Look no further, as Litera Centre is here to provide you with the expert guidance, valuable resources, and personalized coaching you need to excel in your IGCSE journey.

At Litera Centre, we understand the importance of excelling in the IGCSE English Essay examination, and we are dedicated to helping you achieve your academic goals. Our team of experienced educators and English language experts are here to provide you with the knowledge, skills, and strategies necessary to tackle the essay writing component of the exam with confidence and precision.

With our tailored coaching, you’ll receive personalized attention and support, ensuring that you fully grasp the intricacies of essay writing, including structure, argument development, and grammar. 

Don’t leave your IGCSE English success to chance. Let Litera Centre be your partner in achieving excellence in your examinations. Join us today and take a step closer to taking your IGCSE English examination.

References:

https://www.oxford-royale.com/articles/how-to-write-brilliant-essays/

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IGCSE English Literature: A Complete Guide

Dr Rahil Sachak-Patwa

Diving into IGCSE English Literature is like starting an adventure in the world of books and stories. But, what's this course all about, and why do so many students pick it? Is it because they love reading, or because it helps them think more deeply about stories and what they mean? Why go for IGCSE English Literature, though? It's not only about reading books and talking about them. It's a journey across different stories, ideas, and times in history, making it exciting and valuable for anyone who loves literature.

Is IGCSE English Literature hard?

Tackling IGCSE English Literature can feel daunting for many students. It's a course that demands a blend of analytical skills, deep understanding of complex texts, and the ability to express insights clearly. However, difficulty is subjective and greatly varies among students.

• Student Feedback: Many find the course challenging due to the depth of analysis required.
• Teacher Insights: Teachers and tutors often point out that success hinges on consistent effort and a genuine interest in literature.
• Examination Results: Statistics indicate a broad range of outcomes, highlighting both the challenges and attainability of high grades.

Table showing CIE IGCSE English Literature grades distribution (9-1 grading scale)

Experts agree that while IGCSE English Literature has its demands, it's entirely approachable with the right strategies and support. The key lies in engaging with the material, practising critical thinking, and refining writing skills. It's not just about hard work; it's about smart work and a passion for the subject.

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What is the IGCSE English Literature Syllabus?

The IGCSE English Literature syllabus is a comprehensive programme designed to introduce students to a wide range of literary works, fostering an appreciation for literature across different cultures and time periods. Its structure is crafted to develop critical reading, analytical skills, and the ability to articulate personal responses to literature.

• Literary Forms: Includes poetry, prose, and drama, offering a balanced mix of genres.
• Historical Range: Covers texts from the 16th century to modern day, encouraging an understanding of historical context and its influence on literature.
• Skills Development: Focuses on critical literature analysis, comparison of texts, and the construction of coherent arguments.

CIE IGCSE English Literature Syllabus

The CIE IGCSE English Literature syllabus is designed to introduce students to a diverse range of literary works. It aims to develop their analytical and interpretative skills. Students will engage with texts from different time periods and cultures, enhancing their understanding and appreciation of literature.

Table showing CIE IGCSE English Literature syllabus content

Edexcel IGCSE English Literature Syllabus

The Edexcel IGCSE English Literature syllabus is structured to explore a variety of literary forms including poetry, prose, and drama. It emphasizes critical thinking and analytical skills, allowing students to engage with texts in depth. This syllabus encourages a broad understanding of literature's cultural and historical contexts.

Table showing Edexcel IGCSE English Literature syllabus content

With its emphasis on analytical skills and personal engagement with texts, the IGCSE English Literature syllabus is not just about studying literature; it's about cultivating a lifelong appreciation for storytelling and its impact on the human experience.

What is the IGCSE English Literature exam structure?

The IGCSE English Literature exam structure is tailored to assess students' comprehension, analytical skills, and ability to engage with a variety of texts. It is designed to challenge students in a way that is reflective of the syllabus's broad objectives.

• Components: Typically includes both written papers and coursework, offering a comprehensive evaluation of students' abilities.
• Assessment Areas: Focuses on students' interpretation and analysis of poetry, prose, and drama texts, their understanding of literary devices, and their ability to compare texts.
• Duration and Format: Exams usually consist of a few hours of written assessment, with questions ranging from short structured responses to longer essay-type questions.

CIE IGCSE Literature in English Exam Format

The CIE IGCSE English Literature exam format includes papers on prose, poetry, and drama, requiring students to analyze texts and write comparative and critical essays. It assesses comprehension, interpretation, and literary analysis skills through structured questions and essay writing.

All candidates take Paper 1 Poetry and Prose, and EITHER Paper 2 Drama, OR Paper 3 Drama (Open Text) and Paper 4 Unseen, OR Paper 3 Drama (Open Text) and Component 5 Coursework.

Table showing CIE IGCSE English Literature exam structure

Edexcel IGCSE English Literature Exam Format

The Edexcel IGCSE English Literature exam format assesses students through papers focusing on poetry, prose, and drama. It includes unseen texts analysis, and requires detailed responses to set literary texts, evaluating students' comprehension, interpretation, and literary criticism skills.

Edexcel English Literature comprises one mandatory component and a choice of an additional examined component or coursework option. It is a linear qualification and all papers must be taken at the end of the course of study.

Table showing Edexcel IGCSE English Literature exam structure

Educational experts emphasise the importance of understanding the exam structure early in the course, as it guides effective study strategies and preparation. Mastery of the exam format, coupled with a deep engagement with the literature studied, significantly enhances the likelihood of achieving top grades. The structure is designed not just to test knowledge, but to encourage a deep, analytical, and personal engagement with literature.

Choosing the Right Exam Board

Selecting the right exam board for IGCSE English Literature is a pivotal decision that can influence your approach to study and examination strategies. With CIE (Cambridge International Examinations) and Edexcel being the main boards offering this qualification, understanding their differences is crucial.

• CIE : Known for its broad range of literature, including international texts, which encourages a global perspective on literature.
• Edexcel : Focuses on a mix score of classic and modern texts, with a slightly more structured approach to assessment criteria.

Graph showing number of students who took Edexcel IGCSE English Literature exams in the past 5 years

While CIE offers a more diverse range of texts, Edexcel might be preferred for its clear, structured approach. Both boards are internationally recognized, ensuring that your qualification will be valued no matter where your educational journey takes you. Ultimately, the decision should be based on which board's syllabus and examination style best suit your strengths and interests.

How can I do well in IGCSE English Literature?

Excelling in IGCSE English Literature requires a strategic approach to studying, an appreciation for the nuances of literary texts, and an ability to articulate insightful analyses. Here are some key strategies to help you achieve top grades:

• Regular Reading: Engage deeply with each text on your syllabus, exploring themes, characters, and literary techniques.
• Practise Essays: Hone your writing skills by practising essays and answering questions under timed conditions to improve your analytical writing and time management.
• Annotations: Make detailed annotations on your texts to highlight important passages, themes, phrases, and literary devices.
• Tutoring: Consider engaging with an IGCSE tutor who can provide personalised feedback, additional resources, and targeted exam strategies.

Tutoring, in particular, can offer tailored guidance and insights that might not be as readily available in a classroom setting. Success in IGCSE English Literature comes from a combination of passion for the subject, disciplined study habits, and the utilisation of available resources to deepen your understanding and analytical skills.

How to Write an IGCSE English Literature Essay

Crafting an insightful IGCSE English Literature essay requires a strategic approach. Here's a streamlined guide by expert English tutors :

1. Understand the Question : Carefully read the prompt to grasp exactly what is being asked, identifying key terms and directives.

2. Plan Your Essay : Outline your thesis and main points, selecting relevant examples and quotations from the literature.

3. Introduction : Start with an engaging sentence to introduce the literary work(s) and your thesis statement.

4. Body Paragraphs : Each should start with a topic sentence that introduces its main idea, followed by evidence and analysis related to your thesis.

5. Conclusion : Summarise your main points and restate your thesis, reflecting on the implications of your analysis.

6. Review and Edit : Ensure your essay is clear, coherent, and free from grammatical errors, with arguments logically structured.

This methodical approach will help you to produce a well-organized and analytical IGCSE English Literature essay.

What are the best IGCSEs to take with English Literature?

Choosing complementary IGCSE subjects alongside English Literature can enhance your learning experience and broaden your academic and career prospects. Here’s what experts recommend:

• IGCSE English Language : Strengthens your understanding of language, which is essential for analysing literature effectively.
• IGCSE History: Offers insights into historical contexts of literary works, enriching your interpretations.
• IGCSE Foreign Languages: Improves your comprehension of different cultures, a skill valuable for understanding diverse texts.
• IGCSE Art and Design: Encourages creative thinking and appreciation of aesthetics, themes also common in literature.

Grades distribution of CIE IGCSE English Literature for 2022 and 2023

These subjects are not only synergistic with English Literature in terms of skill development but also offer a well-rounded educational profile that universities and employers find attractive. Choosing subjects that complement English Literature can deepen your analytical skills, enhance your cultural understanding, and provide a richer perspective on the texts you study.

Best IGCSE English Literature Resources

Securing success in IGCSE English Literature requires leveraging a range of quality resources. These materials not only deepen your understanding of literary texts but also equip you with the skills to excel in exams.

• Endorsed Textbooks: Seek out textbooks specifically endorsed by your exam board (CIE or Edexcel), as they are tailored to the syllabus and exam expectations such as " Cambridge IGCSE Literature in English Student's Book " and " Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) English Literature Student Book (Edexcel International GCSE) ".
• Study Notes: Utilise platforms such as TutorChase for concise, syllabus-specific revision materials and IGCSE resources .
• Past Papers : Practising with past papers from your exam board's website is critical for understanding exam format and time management of exam papers.
• Tutoring Services: Personalised tutoring can offer bespoke support, focusing on areas of improvement and exam technique refinement.
• Online Literature Courses : Websites like Coursera offer courses that can deepen your understanding of literary analysis and theory. These platforms sometimes provide specific courses on English literature that align with the IGCSE syllabus.

Incorporating endorsed textbooks into your study routine ensures you cover all syllabus content accurately. Combining these with a variety of online guides, study notes, and personalised tutoring creates a comprehensive and effective preparation strategy, highly recommended by educational experts.

Common Challenges and How to Overcome Them

In the realm of IGCSE English Literature, it's not uncommon to encounter a metaphorical "error occurred" moment when interpreting a complex piece of literature. This can happen when initial analyses don't quite capture the depth or intended meaning of a text, prompting further exploration and discussion to uncover richer insights and understandings. Students often run into a few tough spots when studying IGCSE English Literature. However, there are ways to make these easier.

• Understanding Tough Books and Poems: Sometimes it's hard to get what authors or poets mean. Reading more and talking about these texts with friends, teachers, or tutors can help you get better at figuring them out.
• Finishing On Time During Tests: It can be tricky to write all your thoughts down before time runs out. Practising writing essays within a set time at home can make you quicker and more confident.
• Remembering Quotes: Keeping track of important lines from texts can be overwhelming. Creating flashcards or a quote bank that you review regularly can help you remember them better.
• Feeling Overwhelmed by the Syllabus: The amount to study can seem like a lot. Breaking down the syllabus into smaller, more manageable parts and setting up a study schedule can make it feel more doable.

Here's what an expert IGCSE English tutor said:

"For IGCSE English Literature, it's good to read books and plays that are often part of the exam. Stories like "Romeo and Juliet" and "Macbeth" by Shakespeare are good choices because they come up a lot. Reading a wide range of stories, poems, and plays will help you do well in your exams."

By tackling these common issues head-on, students can improve their understanding and performance in IGCSE English Literature.

What A-Levels can you take after IGCSE English Literature?

Completing IGCSE English Literature opens up a myriad of opportunities for further study at the A-Level. This subject lays a solid foundation for several A-Level courses, given its emphasis on critical thinking, analytical skills, and effective communication.

• A-Level English Literature : A direct progression from IGCSE, delving deeper into literary analysis and criticism.
• A-Level English Language: Explores the nuances of language use, suited for students interested in linguistics and communication.
• A-Level History : Benefits from the analytical and evaluative skills developed in English Literature.
• A-Level Drama and Theatre Studies: Ideal for those interested in exploring texts in performance contexts.
• A-Level Psychology : English Literature's focus on themes and motivations complements the study of human behaviour.

These A-Levels not only complement the skills developed through IGCSE English Literature but also offer pathways into a range of university courses and careers. Choosing the right A-Levels depends on your interests, career goals, and the strengths you've developed during your IGCSE studies.

Explore how our online IB tutors and A-Level tutors can guide you through your academic journey after your IGCSEs, helping you to choose the right subjects and excel in your studies.

Opportunities with IGCSE English Literature

IGCSE English Literature offers a plethora of opportunities, paving the way for further education and a variety of career options. You can expect to develop critical thinking, analytical skills, and a deep appreciation for diverse cultures and perspectives, attributes that are highly prized in both academic and professional settings.

Pie chart showing gender distribution across Edexcel IGCSE English Literature in UK

Majors in Higher Education:

• English Literature: Deepens understanding of literary texts and theories.
• Creative Writing: Enhances skills in developing new ideas for writing fiction, poetry, and other forms of creative expression.
• Journalism: Prepares for careers in reporting, editing, and media production.
• Law: Provides a strong foundation for understanding legal documents and arguments.
• Education: Equips for teaching English and literature at various educational levels.

Career Paths:

• Editor: Refining manuscripts for publication.
• Content Writer: Producing engaging content for digital and print media.
• Literary Agent: Representing authors and negotiating publishing contracts.
• Teacher: Educating students in English and literature or doing tutoring .
• Lawyer: Utilising strong analytical and persuasive skills in legal practice.

Skills Development:

• Critical Analysis: Enhances the ability to interpret and critique literary works.
• Communication: Improves written and verbal articulation of complex ideas.
• Empathy: Fosters a better understanding of different human experiences and cultures.
• Research: Strengthens skills in gathering, evaluating, and synthesising information.

Pursuing IGCSE English Literature not only opens the door to prestigious university courses but also cultivates a versatile skill set that is highly valued across many sectors, including publishing, education, media, and law. This broad range of opportunities highlights the significance of English Literature in fostering a successful and adaptable career path.

Conclusion on IGCSE English Literature

IGCSE English Literature is more than just reading books; it's a key part of your education that helps you think better and understand others' feelings and ideas. This course covers stories, poems, and plays from different times and places, making you ready for many paths in the future. Whether you want to keep studying, go to university, or start working, the skills you get from this subject are really useful everywhere. This subject also teaches you to look at the world from different views, to feel what others feel, and to share your thoughts clearly. It's not just about learning from books; it's about understanding life and people better. For students, their families, and teachers, knowing how important English Literature is can help make the most of it for school and beyond.

What books should I read for IGCSE English?

For IGCSE English, it's beneficial to read a diverse range of books to cover different genres and periods. Classic literature like Shakespeare's plays, poetry by poets like Seamus Heaney or Carol Ann Duffy, and novels such as " To Kill a Mockingbird " by Harper Lee or " Lord of the Flies " by William Golding are often part of the syllabus. Additionally, exploring modern texts and diverse voices will enrich your understanding and appreciation of English literature, preparing you well for the exams.

How long does the IGCSE English Literature course last?

The IGCSE English Literature course typically lasts two years , a common duration for IGCSE subjects designed to provide students with a deep and comprehensive understanding of English literature, including analysis of various texts and development of critical thinking skills. This time frame allows for thorough exploration of the syllabus, which encompasses a wide range of literary works from different cultures and time periods. The course encourages students to engage with and appreciate literature's diversity, fostering a broader understanding of both the texts themselves and the contexts in which they were written.

Can I retake the IGCSE English Literature exam?

Yes, you can retake IGCSE exams if you're not happy with your results. You need to resit all the exams in the same session to get a new grade. Remember, retaking an exam requires paying a fee again and being well-prepared, as a better result isn't guaranteed.

Are there oral components in the IGCSE English Lit exam?

No, the IGCSE English Literature exam typically does not include an oral component . It focuses on written assessments, evaluating students' abilities to analyse, interpret, and write about literary texts. However, the format can vary between different examination boards, so it's always best to check the specific requirements of your exam board.

How is coursework assessed in IGCSE English Literature?

In IGCSE English Literature, coursework is assessed through essays and written assignments that analyse different literary texts. Students are evaluated on their ability to interpret themes, characters, and stylistic elements of prose, poetry, and drama. The assessment criteria typically focus on the depth of understanding, critical thinking, and clarity of expression. Students must demonstrate a comprehensive grasp of the literature studied, offering insightful analysis and personal responses, supported by evidence from the texts.

Can I study IGCSE English Literature online?

Yes, you can study IGCSE English Literature online . Many educational platforms and online schools offer IGCSE courses, including English Literature. These online courses provide comprehensive study materials, interactive lessons, and support from qualified teachers, making it convenient for students to prepare for their exams remotely.

Are there any recommended poets for IGCSE English Literature?

The IGCSE English Literature syllabus includes a variety of poets from different eras and cultures, offering a rich exploration of themes, styles, and historical contexts. While specific poets may vary based on the exam board and syllabus edition, students might encounter works by William Shakespeare, Carol Ann Duffy, and Seamus Heaney, among others . These poets are known for their significant contributions to English literature and provide valuable insights into human experiences and societal reflections through their poetry.

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Written by: Dr Rahil Sachak-Patwa

Rahil spent ten years working as private tutor, teaching students for GCSEs, A-Levels, and university admissions. During his PhD he published papers on modelling infectious disease epidemics and was a tutor to undergraduate and masters students for mathematics courses.

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• New Zealand
• Norfolk Island
• Northern Mariana Islands
• Palestinian Territory, Occupied
• Papua New Guinea
• Philippines
• Puerto Rico
• Russian Federation
• Saint Helena
• Saint Kitts and Nevis
• Saint Lucia
• Saint Pierre and Miquelon
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
• Sao Tome and Principe
• Saudi Arabia
• Serbia and Montenegro
• Sierra Leone
• Solomon Islands
• South Africa
• South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
• Svalbard and Jan Mayen
• Switzerland
• Syrian Arab Republic
• Taiwan, Province of China
• Tanzania, United Republic of
• Timor-Leste
• Trinidad and Tobago
• Turkmenistan
• Turks and Caicos Islands
• United Arab Emirates
• United Kingdom
• United States
• United States Minor Outlying Islands
• Virgin Islands, British
• Virgin Islands, U.S.
• Wallis and Futuna
• Western Sahara

Still have questions? Let’s get in touch.

Exercise 6: Writing an essay for examination from 2024 (Ultimate Guide)

Exercise 6 of the Reading and Writing paper of the IGCSE English as a Second Language (ESL) exam (0510/0511/0991/0993) is always a formal or semi-formal writing. It can be an article, an essay, a report, or a review.

In this article, you will discover how to write an almost-perfect essay that impresses the examiner and gets you the highest band. So, are you ready? Let’s dive in!

So, what is an essay?

An essay is a short piece of writing on a particular subject. The purpose of an essay is to present an argument or point of view about a particular topic and give examples or reasons to support it. The topic will be a question or an issue which people generally have different opinions about.

The essay could present both sides of the argument, or just one, depending on the instructions given in the task. So, if the instructions ask you to give your opinion, you can address just this one point of view, or you can discuss the arguments for and against. But if the task instructions state that arguments for and against should be included, then you should address both points of view.

The Tone and Register of an Essay

In the exam, the essay is usually for your teacher, so the tone and register should be formal or semi-formal . Therefore, it should avoid language that is too idiomatic and colloquial.

Now, before diving into the details of how to write a successful essay, let’s first explore a few differences between articles and essays.

Differences between an article and an essay

An essay is very similar to an article with only a few key differences.

An article is usually published in a newspaper or a magazine, so as far as the exam is concerned, the audience is often students at your school (school magazine article), or sometimes your teacher or the local newspaper.

The audience of an essay is often your teacher (who requested the essay in the first place).

An article is generally written to inform and persuade the reader that a certain viewpoint is correct.

An essay is generally written as a response to a question or a proposition (often by your teacher). It presents an argument or point of view about a particular topic and gives examples or reasons to support it.

Tone and style:

Articles generally have a more objective tone and style, focusing on presenting information in a neutral or balanced manner.

Essays are generally subjective, reflecting the writer’s opinion and perspective.

An article may have a heading to grab the reader’s attention (though not compulsory in the exam).

An essay does not require a heading.

The format of a one-sided argument essay

A one-sided argument essay can have two formats, depending on whether you include a counterargument from the opposing viewpoint or not.

Paragraph 1:  Introduction (including your opinion)

Paragraph 2:  First point supporting your opinion with an explanation

Paragraph 3:  Second point supporting your opinion with an explanation

Paragraph 4:  State a counterargument (an idea from the opposing viewpoint) and counter the counterargument (i.e., explain why this counterargument is invalid). In other words, state a point made by people who have a different opinion from yours and explain why they are wrong.

Paragraph 5:  Conclusion (including your opinion again but in different words)

Paragraph 2:  One or two points supporting your opinion with an explanation

Paragraph 3:  One or two points (different from those of the previous paragraph) supporting your opinion with an explanation

Paragraph 4:  Conclusion (including your opinion again but in different words)

The format of a two-sided argument essay

Paragraph 1:  Introduction (without your opinion)

Paragraph 2:  One side of the argument

Paragraph 3:  The other side of the argument

Paragraph 4:  Conclusion (including your opinion)

Introduction

The purpose of the introduction is to  inform the reader  about the main point (topic) of the essay and  engage the reader  to make them interested in the topic. The main components of an effective introduction are:

• Topic sentence

Start your essay with a brief topic sentence that outlines the argument that the essay will discuss. Give  forceful statements  rather than “I think that”, “maybe” or “perhaps”. For example, “Teenagers love fast food.”, “Nowadays, music plays an indispensable role in our lives.”, etc.

To write an effective topic sentence, you might  use adverbial time phrases  and  generalizations . Here are some examples of each.

Adverbial time phrases

• Nowadays/these days/currently
• Every day/week/year
• Recently/for many years/decades
• In the past
• 10 years ago
• In the last (few/five) (days/weeks/months/years/decades)

Generalization

• A large number of / The vast majority (of)
• Several/some
• Not many/hardly any/ few
• In almost all cases
• In the majority of cases
• In a large number of cases
• In most cases
• In some cases
• On the whole/ Overall
• Rhetorical question(s)

Use rhetorical questions (questions that don’t require an answer but make your reader think) to get the reader interested in the topic and encourage them to read on. For example:

• How much longer do animals have to suffer?
• Could you live with yourself if you missed out on this opportunity?
• How could we possibly stand the …?
• What would happen if …?
• Could your conscience cope with …?
• Is it really worth …?
• Do you want to be part of …?
• Should students do sport at school?
• Should teenagers completely avoid fast food?
• We all love convenience food. But is it the best thing for our waistlines, our wallets and our world?
• Your opinion (if it is a one-sided argument essay)

If you are writing a two-sided argument essay,  DO NOT  give your opinion in the introduction.

If you are writing a one-sided argument essay, you MUST give your opinion (whether you support or oppose the viewpoint expressed in the statement).

Here are some opinion phrases to help you express your opinion.

• In my opinion/view
• From my perspective
• From my point of view
• I concur/agree
• I believe/think (that)
• It seems to me that
• I am in favour of
• I am against the idea of
• I am strongly opposed to
• I disagree/cannot accept

You may also kill two birds with one stone and begin your essay with a rhetorical question that introduces the topic to the reader, thus acting as a topic sentence. Here are some examples.

“Have you ever thought how school life would be if the school day started later? In my perspective, this will have countless benefits.”

“Should students do sport at school? This is a question which people have different opinions about.”

One-sided essay structure:

Body paragraph 1:  First idea supporting your opinion with an explanation

Body paragraph 2:  Second idea supporting your opinion with an explanation ( should be different from the first idea )

Body paragraph 3:  State a counterargument (an idea from the opposing viewpoint)  AND  counter the counterargument (i.e., explain why this counterargument is invalid). In other words, state a point made by people who have a different opinion from yours and explain why they are wrong.

Body Paragraph 1:  one or two points supporting your opinion with an explanation

Body Paragraph 2:  one or two points (different from those of the previous paragraph) supporting your opinion with an explanation

When introducing the counterargument in the 3 rd  body paragraph, use any of the following phrases.

• Opponents of this idea claim/assert/argue that …
• Those who disagree/are against these ideas may say/insist that …
• Some people allege/argue/contend that …
• Some people may suggest/point out that …
• A common counterargument is that …
• It can be argued that …

When countering the counterargument in the 3 rd  body paragraph, use any of the following phrases depending on the context.

• Although true to a certain extent, …
• While this may be true to some extent, …
• While it is true that …, it is important to consider…
• While some may believe that … recent studies have shown that …
• What this invalid argument misses is …
• What these people fail to notice/take note of is …
• The evidence, however, disproves this argument because …
• However, upon closer examination, it becomes clear that …
• However, a closer analysis reveals that …
• However, this flawed argument overlooks the fact that …

Two-sided essay structure:

Body paragraph 1:  One side of the argument either in favour or against ( mention 2 different ideas )

Body paragraph 2:  The other side of the argument either in favour or against ( mention 2 different ideas )

General guidelines for both kinds of essays:

• Read the question carefully  and  draft a plan  for your essay in the blank space below the question using a pencil. Here are some steps to follow.
• Separate the blank space into two parts, one for and one against.
• Jot down any points that come to your mind in the correct part, along with any interesting vocabulary or expressions suitable for the task. Remember to write briefly and in bullet points.
• Decide whether you will write a one-sided essay or a two-sided essay. If the instructions in the question state that you must include arguments for and against, then choose the best 2 points supporting each side and write a two-sided essay. If it’s not mentioned that you must include arguments for and against, then the choice is yours.
• Consider how you will begin your essay and how you will engage the reader at the start. For example, write some variations of the topic sentence and rhetorical questions that you could use.
• Choose the most effective ones and begin writing. Remember to  spend no more than 5 minutes on the plan.
• Start your body paragraphs with a topic sentence rather than just jumping into the advantages or disadvantages (especially if you’re writing a two-sided essay). This helps to organize your writing and makes the purpose of the paragraph clear to the reader. For example, in an essay discussing the advantages and disadvantages of fast food, it is better to start your first body paragraph with a topic sentence like “There are some obvious advantages of fast food. Firstly, …” rather than just getting into the first point and writing, “To begin with, it’s quite tasty.”.
• You can use the few prompts given in the question, but it is better to  use your own ideas  if you want to get higher marks. If, however, you are out of ideas, use the ideas in the question and make sure to paraphrase them (write them in different words) and develop them well.
• Support your ideas with reasons, evidence, or examples . Keep in mind that the examiner knows the evidence or examples will be made up and doesn’t expect these to be correct. Yes, you can make up your own statistics! Just make sure it’s not overly unrealistic.
• Keep to the topic  (don’t wander away from the main subject of the essay). Remind yourself constantly by looking again at the question.
• Use a variety of linking words and cohesive devices  (mainly formal) to create a smooth and logical flow in your writing. Here are some examples.

When presenting the first point (used in the 1 st  body paragraph of both one-sided essays and two-sided essays)

• There are some obvious advantages of
• Those in support of … believe that …
• People who think … say that …
• The main argument in favour of/against is
• The main point/reason is
• The most important point/reason is
• The first point/reason is
• First of all
• First and foremost

When  adding  more points to the same side of the argument

• In addition,
• Furthermore,
• Additionally,
• Not only … but also…
• As well as.
• Another noteworthy point is …
• Apart from that
• What is more

When  contrasting  ideas (typically used to introduce the opposite viewpoint in the 2 nd  body paragraph of a two-sided essay

• Some people argue that …
• Nevertheless
• Even though
• In spite of
• On the other hand
• On the contrary
• By contrast

When giving examples

• For example
• For instance
• One clear example is
• To illustrate
• In other words

When reasoning:

• Results and consequences: as a result, consequently, therefore, thus, hence, for this reason, as a result (of), which means that, etc.
• Reasons and causes: owing to, because (of), on account of, due to, since, as, etc.   

When highlighting and stressing

• Particularly
• In particular
• Specifically

The purpose of the conclusion is to  sum up what you have said  and  express (or re-express) your opinion.

In the conclusion:

• Briefly summarize your main points using concluding phrases. Here are some examples.
• In conclusion
• To conclude
• To reiterate
• On the whole
• All things considered
• After weighing the benefits and drawbacks
• I believe that …
• Thus, I am of the opinion that …
• Given these points

Remember to use different words from those used to express the points in the body.

• Give your final opinion (regardless of whether it’s a one-sided or a two-sided essay) and any solution or suggestion if applicable.

The solution or suggestion might be part of your opinion if you’re writing a two-sided essay and want to take a balanced view on the issue rather than siding with one side. For example, “Overall, I believe eating fast food occasionally isn’t a problem, but fresh home-cooked food is best.” Use the opinion phrases stated earlier in the Introduction section to express your opinion, and if it’s a one-sided essay, make sure to use different words from those used in the introduction.

• End with a strong, impactful statement that leaves the reader with something to think about. This could be a rhetorical question or a statement that encourages the reader to decide what they think about the same viewpoint. For example:
• “To conclude, I wholeheartedly believe that everyone should pursue higher education. Why not embrace this invaluable opportunity to fast-track your career, build your confidence, and broaden your social circle?”
• “Overall, I believe eating fast food occasionally isn’t a problem, but fresh home-cooked food is best. Do you not think so?”
• “After weighing the benefits and the drawbacks, it is apparent that convenience food, while palatable, may negatively impact other areas of your life. Think about this before you reach for your next snack!”

It’s worth mentioning that this step is PREFERABLE . So don’t stress too much about ending your essay with an impactful statement or a rhetorical question. Just make sure that the conclusion reflects the argument presented in the main body of the essay and that your final opinion is clear to the reader.

Points to keep in mind

• Read the task carefully to make sure that the ideas and supporting information you include are relevant to the topic. Students often lose focus and write about wider, more general issues associated with the topic, which significantly affects their marks.
• Organize your essay into 4-5 paragraphs . Leave a line between paragraphs or indent the first line of each new paragraph. Don’t do both!
• Take care of spelling, punctuation, and grammar . This is important as the examiner will look at the accuracy of your language.
• Use a combination of simple, compound, and complex sentences . A series of long sentences will make your writing difficult to read, and a series of short simple sentences will make your writing boring to read. Balance is the key.
• Use a wide range of formal vocabulary, including some advanced and less commonly used ones .
• Include a range of topic-related vocabulary to show that you have a good understanding of the topic.
• Use a wide variety of formal linking words to link ideas in sentences and paragraphs.  Examples have been mentioned earlier.
• Use advanced punctuation sparingly  (1-3 in the whole essay), for example, colon (:) and semicolon (;).
• Include language appropriate for expressing opinions, agreeing, and disagreeing. In addition to mentioning your opinion in the introduction and/or conclusion, your viewpoint can also be included in the body paragraphs (whether it’s a one-sided or a two-sided essay) by:
• Mentioning personal examples or experiences (which implies that you agree with this point of view)
• Explicitly agreeing while presenting a point in the body paragraph. Here is an example: “People who think sports lessons are a good idea say that students need exercise, and I agree that doing sports helps to make you healthy and avoid getting overweight.”
• Aim to complete towards the maximum word limit  (approximately 160 words). Exceeding the word limit slightly (15-20 words) is fine as long as you write accurately and complete the task within the correct time. If you exceed the word limit by any number of words, be it even 100, no marks will be cut directly, but you increase your chances of making more mistakes and spending more time than required for this exercise, which may affect your mark indirectly. If you write towards the lower limit or below, you are highly unlikely to achieve the highest band for Content as your content is not well developed.
• Spend about 30 minutes on this exercise : the initial 5 minutes for planning and the last 2-3 minutes for checking your work for simple spelling, punctuation, and grammatical mistakes.
• Write legibly

Don’ts

• Do not write a heading.
• Avoid colloquial or ‘chatty’ language (which includes informal vocabulary, abbreviations, or slang such as how r u, OMG, BTW, etc.).
• Avoid listing  (firstly, secondly, thirdly, etc.). There is no problem in writing “firstly”, but avoid writing “secondly” and “thirdly”.
• Avoid repetition of vocabulary and beginning your sentences with the same words . Sometimes, students write 3 or more sentences in a row starting with “The”!
• Avoid including too many different ideas in your essay. It is better to include fewer ideas and develop one or two in greater depth rather than writing many ideas which are not well-developed.
• Avoid writing an overlong introduction and conclusion. It would be more effective to utilize the limited word count to develop your ideas within the body of the essay. Also, avoid pre-learned language for these parts of the essay, as this may not be totally relevant or might sound unnatural.
• It’s preferable to avoid contractions , but they can be used as the essay can have a semi-formal tone and register. In both cases, remember to be consistent throughout. So, if you used contractions, use them throughout your whole essay, and if not, avoid them altogether.

Practice a lot of past papers and get feedback on your writing. We know that essay writing is newly added to the syllabus, but you can still practice writing essays in response to past years’ article writing questions as they are very similar.

Finally, don’t forget to check out our samples page and if you find this helpful, please share it with your friends.

Good luck! Go get that A*!

21 responses to “Exercise 6: Writing an essay for examination from 2024 (Ultimate Guide)”

Dear ESL KINGS Team,

Your notes have always helped me, including the samples ofcourse. I have made a number of progress, but there is still some questions I have.

To begin with, when would it be perfect/suitable for you to start uploading essay samples? My exam is on May 8 and I really do require their needs. I know that article is basically almost like an essay, But I still haven’t seen a proper essay For esl ever.

Moving on, I wanted to ask that are the International examiners more strict? I am asking this because the samples you have provided have made me totally fall apart as I was shocked by the language required to score top marks. My emails are average on a scale of 13/15 while my formal writings are between 10 – 12, and since I never have experienced the real examiner, I am scared I will even get less then that. It’s my hugest goal to Get around 95 marks from 100 in ESL. For now, If I can estimate I will get around 93 marks which I still don’t find in appeal.

Please do help me with this.

Warm regards, Ayaan Yousuf.

Dear Ayaan,

Thank you for your kind words! We’re glad you’re making progress!

Unfortunately, we may not be able to upload any more samples at the moment as we’re very busy with our exams. However, you may check out Cambridge’s essay sample available here . We appreciate your understanding.

It’s absolutely normal to feel that your writing is not as good as the samples because they are not a standard every student must follow to achieve good mark. They are just meant to inspire you: you can use any of their vocabulary, ideas or structures in your own writing to improve it. You can still score very good marks with a language below that of the samples. Our advice is to focus now on practicing as much as you can instead of how many marks you will score, and you will be able to get your desired grade inshallah.

Best regards, ESL Kings team

Thank you for providing such helpful resources and samples. Your examples are very good and advanced, but I feel my writing isn’t as good. Is this something to worry about, or is it normal? Will the examiners be very strict, or somewhat lenient, considering this is ESL?

Thank you for your kind words! It’s absolutely normal to feel that your writing is not as good as the samples. This is completely understandable and actually a good sign because it provides room for improvement.

We suggest that you get your writing marked by a teacher, a family member, a friend or even yourself; this will give you an idea of where your writing actually stands. And keep practising as much as you can, taking into account the tips we provide in the notes, and you will definitely see progress.

Examiners know of course that this is a second language exam and they mark based on the criteria mentioned in the mark scheme, which is more lenient than a first language exam.

Appreciate this post! Very helpful to me as a teacher.

Thank you! We really appreciate your positive feedback!

Thank you so much for giving us the ideas how to write an essay. Specially, phrases how to begin sentences from each paragraph

You’re welcome 🙂 We’re glad it helped!

Wonderful materials for my students who are going to take the exam next May. Thank you so much

Thank you so much for your kind feedback! We’re glad our notes are benefiting your students! Good luck to them!

Thank you so much for your help! Could you also post some sample essays, it would be very helpful for us!!

Hi Sara, thank you for your comment! We will definitely consider adding them after completing the review writing notes which we are currently working on.

What do you mean by do not write a heading? Do you mean we shouldn’t have a title for the essay?

Yes, an essay doesn’t require a title. Trying to come up with one will use up your exam time unnecessarily.

Is there going to be direct deduction of marks if written?

yes no title in essay

Hello, I’m having my exam in 4 months and I can’t believe I didn’t know about this website before, seriously I wholeheartedly appreciate what you do, I heard there’s a service where you can correct or give feedback on pieces of writings and grade them, is it available?

Thank you so much for your nice comment! We really appreciate it! Our marking service was available, but unfortunately, it is now suspended as it requires a lot of time and effort, which we can’t provide at the moment. We apologize for this! And we wish you good luck with your exam!

THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR YOUR EFFORT AND TIME CREATING THESE SUPER AMAZING NOTES AND TIPS FOR WRITING EXERCISES

Thank you for your kind words! We’re really glad you found them helpful!

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IGCSE Writing Skills text types - generic

Topic outline.

This resource has been developed to support your teaching of writing skills, including teaching learners how to create and compose a variety of text types. 

The text types focused on in this resource are: article, email, report, letter, speech and essay. 

 As the resource focuses on the text type rather than the assessment no marks are given for example texts included.

Please note: These resources were not written for a specific syllabus so it  is v ery important to check which of the writing skills and text types are covered in the syllabus you are teaching. The example s  may not match the requirements in every Cambridge syllabus, for example word count and audience. The examples are not marked and do not demonstrate the standard required in the examinations.

How to Write an IGCSE English Literature Essay: A Comprehensive Guide

• by Sean Brown
• October 26, 2023

Are you an IGCSE student looking to excel in your English literature exams ? Look no further! In this blog post, we will provide you with a step-by-step guide on how to write an impressive IGCSE English literature essay. Whether you’re wondering how to get full marks or how to structure your answer effectively, we’ve got you covered.

Writing an IGCSE English literature essay can seem daunting at first, but with the right approach, you can develop the skills needed to succeed. Understanding the key elements of a strong essay, such as analysis, organization, and effective use of evidence, is crucial. By following the tips and strategies outlined in this guide, you’ll be well on your way to acing your IGCSE English literature exam.

So, if you’re ready to take your English literature essay writing skills to the next level and boost your exam performance, let’s dive in and explore the ins and outs of writing an exceptional IGCSE English literature essay. It’s time to unlock your full potential in the realm of literary analysis!

How to Craft an IGCSE English Literature Essay Like a Pro

Writing an IGCSE English literature essay can seem as daunting as entering the Gryffindor common room without the password. But fear not, dear friend, for we shall unlock the secrets of this literary maze together. Prepare to unleash your inner Shakespeare as we delve into the art of crafting a masterpiece essay that will leave your examiner in awe.

Unleash Your Inner Wordsmith

To embark on this epic quest, you must first unleash your inner wordsmith. Pick up your quill and embrace the power of language. Dive deep into the text, dissecting it with the precision of a seasoned surgeon. Analyze the themes, characterization, and literary devices with a keen eye, like Sherlock Holmes solving a perplexing case.

Choose Your Literary Arsenal Wisely

Now that you’ve become one with the text, it’s time to choose your literary arsenal wisely. Select the most potent quotes to support your arguments, like a chef handpicking the freshest ingredients for a delectable feast. These quotes will be the foundation upon which you build your literary fortress, so choose wisely, my friend.

The Art of Structuring Your Essay

Ah, structure—the backbone of any great essay. Begin with an introduction that will hook your reader like a fish caught in the Great Barrier Reef. Provide a brief overview of the text and your thesis statement, leaving your examiner eager to dive deeper into your analysis.

Next, traverse the treacherous terrain of body paragraphs. Each paragraph should focus on a specific aspect of the text, like a spotlight illuminating the hidden depths. Start with a topic sentence that encapsulates the main point of the paragraph, and then seamlessly integrate your supporting evidence and analysis. Remember, clarity is key—don’t leave your reader lost in a literary labyrinth.

Finally, conclude your essay with a conclusion that is more satisfying than devouring a pint of Ben & Jerry’s on a scorching summer day. Summarize your main points, restate your thesis, and leave your reader with a lingering sense of awe.

The Battle Against Time: Tips for Time Management

In the heat of battle, time is your fiercest adversary. To emerge victorious, you must master the art of time management. Begin by planning your essay before charging headfirst into battle. Break down the allotted time for each section of your essay, ensuring you leave no stone unturned. Remember, in the battlefield of literature, time is a precious commodity.

The Epilogue: Proofread and Polish

Once you’ve conquered the literary battlefield, the battle is not yet won. The final step on your hero’s journey is to proofread and polish your essay. Read it aloud, ensuring each sentence dances off your tongue like a ballet in the Royal Opera House. Check for grammar and punctuation errors, eliminating them with the precision of a ninja wielding a katana. Fine-tune your language, making every word count like a wizard casting a spell.

And there you have it, dear adventurer—the secrets to crafting an IGCSE English literature essay that will make your examiner’s heart skip a beat. So go forth, armed with your quill and your newfound knowledge , and conquer the literary world like the hero you are. May your words be mighty and your essays epic. Good luck!

Note: This article is meant for entertainment purposes only and is not a substitute for real studying. Remember to always follow your teacher’s guidelines and consult with them for any clarifications. Happy writing!

FAQ: How to Ace Your IGCSE English Literature Essay

Q: how can i score top marks in icse english literature.

A: Achieving full marks in ICSE English literature requires a blend of skill, knowledge, and finesse. Fear not, fellow literature enthusiasts! Here are some tips to set you on the right path:

Master the Texts:

To excel in your ICSE English literature exam, it’s crucial to thoroughly understand the prescribed texts. Dive into the literary ocean and explore the subtle nuances, themes, and characters within each piece. A comprehensive understanding will allow you to craft insightful and sophisticated essays.

Craft Engaging Introductions:

First impressions matter, even in the realm of essay writing. Captivate your reader’s attention with a compelling introduction that sets the stage for your analysis. Be strategic in your approach and consider incorporating relevant quotes or thought-provoking anecdotes to leave a lasting impact.

Analyze Like Sherlock:

Unleash your inner detective by becoming a master of literary analysis. Don’t settle for surface-level interpretations; delve deeper into the text, uncover hidden meanings, and unravel the author’s intent. Use evidence from the text to support your claims, just like Sherlock Holmes employs evidence to crack his cases.

Structure is Key:

An organized essay can make all the difference in ensuring your thoughts are coherent and logical. Craft a clear and concise thesis statement that encapsulates your main argument, and use paragraph breaks to present different aspects of your analysis. This will guide the reader through your essay effortlessly, just like a GPS guides you to your destination.

Show Off Your Language Skills:

Venture beyond the mundane and showcase your linguistic prowess . Incorporate a wide array of vocabulary, employing the enchanting power of synonyms and metaphors to make your writing sparkle like a firework on New Year’s Eve. Remember, expanding your linguistic toolkit will impress both your examiner and your future self.

Q: How do you write an IGCSE English literature essay

A: Writing a stellar IGCSE English literature essay is an art form in itself. Fear not, eager learner, here’s a step-by-step guide to help you navigate the realm of literary analysis:

Step 1: Unearth the Question’s Secrets:

The first step is to understand the question. Read it carefully and identify the key elements and themes it presents. Highlight any specific literary techniques or context provided. This will serve as your map, guiding you through the treacherous terrain of the essay.

Step 2: Plan Your Literary Journey:

Never embark on an essay adventure without a well-crafted plan. Jot down your key arguments, supporting evidence, and the overall structure of your essay. This roadmap will prevent you from wandering aimlessly through the text and help you stay on track, like a compass guiding a lost traveler.

Step 3: A Deep Dive Into the Text:

With a clear plan in hand, embark on a deep exploration of the text. Analyze the characters, themes, symbols, and literary devices used by the author. Pay attention to the author’s style and the historical context in which the text was written. The more you unravel, the more compelling your analysis will be.

Step 4: Craft Your Masterpiece:

Now it’s time to transform your thoughts into an eloquent essay. Begin with a captivating introduction that entices your reader. Each body paragraph should present a unique argument, supported by relevant evidence from the text. Finally, conclude your essay by summarizing your key points and leaving the reader with a lasting impression.

Step 5: Polishing Your Gem:

Before you submit your essay, give it a thorough polish. Check for grammar and spelling errors, ensure your arguments flow smoothly, and verify that your essay adheres to the required structure and word count. Don’t be afraid to seek a second opinion from your trusted literary confidants.

Q: How do you write an English literature answer

A: Ah, the art of crafting an English literature answer—an endeavor that combines creativity, analysis, and precision. Here’s a guide to help you conquer this challenge:

1. Decode the Question:

Take a moment to decipher the question, much like deciphering hieroglyphics from ancient times. Identify the key themes, literary techniques, and textual references required to construct a well-rounded answer. This initial decoding will lay the foundation for your literary masterpiece.

2. Structure with Finesse:

A well-structured response lays the groundwork for success. Begin with a captivating introduction that grabs the reader’s attention, then utilize body paragraphs to delve into the intricacies of the question. Finally, wrap it up neatly with a conclusion that ties your thoughts together like the final brushstroke on a portrait.

3. Analyze, Analyze, Analyze:

Analysis is the bread and butter of any English literature answer. Dissect the text with the precision of a surgeon, exploring themes, characters, and literary techniques intricately. Support your analysis with textual evidence, inviting your reader to journey through the text alongside you.

4. The Key to Language Brilliance:

Incorporate a cornucopia of linguistic devices into your answer to showcase your mastery of the English language. Sprinkle your writing with expressive vocabulary, tantalizing metaphors, and elegant sentence structures. This linguistic prowess will elevate your answer to new heights, impressing both your examiner and your inner Shakespeare.

5. Revise Like a Pro:

Once you’ve completed your answer, take a moment to revise your work with a discerning eye. Check for any grammatical errors, inconsistencies, or missed opportunities to strengthen your argument. Refining your answer through revision ensures that your masterpiece shines brightly, untarnished by careless mistakes.

Q: How do I pass IGCSE English literature

A: Ah, the quest to taste success in IGCSE English literature. Fear not, noble scholar! Here are some tips to guide you on your path to victory:

Dive into the Texts:

To pass IGCSE English literature, familiarity with the prescribed texts is non-negotiable. Delve into the intricacies of each piece, analyzing themes, characters, and literary techniques. The better you know the texts, the more confidently you can tackle essay questions.

Expand Your Vocabulary:

Explore the vast realm of the English language, venturing beyond the confines of everyday vocabulary. Expand your lexicon with diverse words that evoke emotion and paint vivid pictures in the minds of your readers. Impress the examiner with your linguistic prowess, leaving them yearning for more.

Practice Makes Perfect:

Harness the power of practice to hone your skills. Write timed essays, engage in literary discussions, and seek feedback from your peers or teachers. Each practice session brings you closer to perfection and boosts your confidence for the final showdown.

Embrace the Mark Scheme:

The mark scheme is your holy grail to IGCSE success. Study it meticulously, understanding the criteria by which your work will be assessed. Tailor your essays to meet the examiner’s expectations, utilizing the mark scheme as your guiding star.

Stay Calm and Read On:

The key to triumph is to remain calm during the exam. Read each question carefully, plan your answers strategically, and manage your time wisely. Take deep breaths, channel your inner literature enthusiast, and conquer the exam like a knight on a quest for knowledge.

Remember, dear reader, success in IGCSE English literature requires not only knowledge but also a passion for the written word. Embrace the subject, let your creativity flow, and savor the joy of immersing yourself in the captivating world of literature.

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IGCSE English – Tips for Reading and Writing + Exam Resources

Nuha ghouse.

• Created on April 10, 2019
• Blog , IGCSE , IGCSE Notes , Notes

Cambridge IGCSE English will test your ability both to read and understand material written in English and also to express yourself in that language in writing and speaking. Hence, we have noted all the following tips you could use in order to help improve your reading skills and prepare better for your upcoming exam. So let’s dive right into in here and now! 

Read also: 5 Tips To Get Through Your IGCSE Exams

Tips for IGCSE English Reading and Writing  

Reading passages .

For IGCSE English, the content of some of the reading passages on which you are tested and many of the questions set on these passages will be the same for both Core and Extended candidates.

However, in the IGCSE English Extended Paper exam, there will be some additional questions on which will require you to show an understanding of some of the ideas that are merely implied in the passage, rather than being directly stated by the writer.

Questions such as these are referred to as inferential questions.

The Extended Paper will also have an additional reading passage and questions as compared to the Core paper.

To find out more about IGCSE Core and Extended syllabus, visit their official website here . 

Overall, the Cambridge IGCSE Second Language English Core tier reading questions will expect you to be able to do the following:

– Understand straightforward texts such as notices, signs, timetables, and advertisements and identify and retrieve simple facts and details contained in these texts.

– Read and understand a range of more complex texts (such as letters, brochures, and fiction texts) and select and organize relevant information contained in them including ideas, opinions, and attitudes expressed by the writers.

– Show some understanding of what is implied by the writers but not directly expressed in the text.

The Reading Questions 

Before we move on to look at how to approach some of the particular types of questions that will be set, it will help to summarise the key points which will ensure that you answer the reading questions as successfully as you can.

Try to keep the following points in mind when preparing to answer the questions.

A careful reading of the entire passage

You have plenty of time to read the passage carefully; don’t rush into writing your answers until you have gained a clear understanding of what you have been asked to read.

Remember that a careful reading and clear understanding of the questions is as important as reading the passages.

This will help to ensure that you select those details that are relevant to the question you are answering. 

Dive deeper into the sections of the passage 

Once you have achieved both an overview of the passage and a clear understanding of what the questions require, then look closely at the relevant sections of the passage on which the questions are based. 

It may help to underline or highlight key points in the text so that you can easily find them when writing your answers.

Answering the questions 

The next step is to produce your written answers to the questions. Remember, it is important that what you write makes it clear that you have understood exactly what the question requires. A reader can judge your understanding by what you have written. Hence, don’t leave out points that may seem obvious if they want relevant answers. 

Use your own words as much as possible to demonstrate your understanding.

If you are asked to explain the meaning of a word such as “exciting” remember that an answer which says “something that makes you feel excited” cannot be rewarded as you need to use the word “thrilling” to show your understanding.

Remember: the more marks a question is worth, the more detailed your answer should be.

Types of texts

The first types of passages that we are going to look at are those which are likely to be set for the earlier questions on both Core and Extended papers.

Advertisements, brochures, leaflets, guides, reports, manuals, and instructions will all be used as a basis for questions, although not all these types of texts will appear in any one question paper.

Owing to the nature and content of these types of writing it is likely that, for both tiers, the question set on them will be quite straightforward and require you to identify factual details contained in the passage.

They will almost certainly be one of the short-answer type, rather than extended responses such as summary.

How to approach short-answer comprehension questions 

Short-answer questions are straightforward. They require brief, factual Anders to show that you have understood a particular piece of information in the text.

You should try to express your answers in your own words. Some questions will be more than one mark.

Pay close attention to how the question is phrased. It gives you an indication of the approach you can use in your answer.

For example:

Questions will contain instructions such as “Give two reasons” which require a straightforward retrieval of details from the passage.

For questions that require you to “Explain” the writers’ opinions, you will need to say what the opinions are about and make comments about them in your own words. 

Where to find Past Year Exams Resources

The IGCSE Cambridge Examination board releases past year paper questions for students to download over at their official website. You can access it here .

Alternately, Tutopiya has our very own Resource Centre that offers students free resources available for download! Get the most updated resources by subscribing to our weekly newsletter!

IGCSE English Online Tuition

Tutopiya Live Online Tuition provides online tuition for students taking the IGCSE English Core as well as the Extended Paper. 

New students on our platform are entitled to a free lesson trial on any subject and curriculum of choice. Our tutors have also been screened and trained to deliver effective and enriching tuition lessons for our students. 

Sign up with Tutopiya today to experience online learning! 

About The Author

Nuha Gouse is the Co-founder of Tutopiya and is equipped with a first class honours Math degree from Imperial College, London. Her mission is to provide personalized individual lessons online where students from around the world can learn at their own pace and convenience.

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GCSE English Persuasive Writing Lesson

Subject: English

Age range: 11-14

Resource type: Lesson (complete)

Last updated

11 July 2024

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An engaging and fun lesson focussed on teaching effective persuasive writing. (Aimed at KS4 students preparing for the Persuasive Writing task of the AQA English Language GCSE, Paper 21 Section B)

Focussed onpersuasive techniques, embedding rhetorical devices, structuring responses and crafting sentences. Modelled persuasive writing included.

Has proved a really popular and effective lesson with my students.

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Reading & Writing: Exercise 4 (Summary writing)

Now, it gets hard!

Exercise 4 of ESL paper, is summary writing. A passage will be given, on which you are required to write a summary.

What is a summary? The formal definition is:  a brief statement or account of the main points of something . And that’s exactly what you have to do. Identify the main, relevant points and write them in your own words in an organized manner.

This is the part of the paper I, personally, had the most trouble with. It is not as easy as it looks. So, let’s get to it.

• Write the summary. That’s easier said than done. You have got all your points, now you need to collate and organise it into one write-up using your own words.
• Write a one-line introduction that tells the examiner what you’re writing a summary on. Keep it short. In the example above, you could start the summary by writing : Poon Lim, a ship-wreck victim, managed to survive an astounding 133 days on an island all alone.
• Start organising the points . You could do it chronologically, advantage-disadvantage format or problem-solution format- whatever works for the task at hand. In the example above, writing points in their chronological order seems to be the right choice since it’s a narrative type of article.
• Use connectives , lots of them, to organise your points and add a sense of continuity. Some examples are: Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly, In Addition/Also/Furthermore, Consequently/As a result, Thus/Hence etc.
• Use your own words . Use synonyms of word in the passage, if possible. In the example above, the phrase ‘ invented ways to find food and water’ can be changed to ‘came up with a system to obtain food and water’.
• You don’t have to write a conclusion . If the question asked you to write the summary on the entire passage, then maybe a conclusion would be fitting. But in questions like the one above, it is irrelevant to the question.
• Stick to the word limit . For the extended paper you have to write at least 100 word but not more than 120 words. For the core paper you need to write at least 70 word but not more than 80 words. Don’t write too much ; scrap unnecessary points not relevant to the question; cut short words.

That’s all about Exercise 4! The best way to get better at it, is to keep practicing past paper questions , nothing more. Polishing up your vocabulary skills might be helpful in using your own words.

Time Management

The summary writing exercise in the core paper 1 is too easy, so it should only take about 5 minutes to attempt it.

Spend about 15 minutes on this exercise, in the extended paper 2. Reading the passage should take about 5 minutes and the rest 10 minutes should be used to write your summary.

Notes submitted by Lintha

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30 thoughts on “ Reading & Writing: Exercise 4 (Summary writing) ”

Thank you, I m very happy to see this, now I understand how to right the summary 👌👌

Glad to help!!

Is it obligatory that the summary is writen in one paragraph only? Can a student in an advantages/disadvantages summary ,for exampla, write two paragraphs?

It’s definitely not obligatory, and you can split it into 2 paragraphs if you wish, we just recommended one paragraph as this is the method that worked best for us when writing those exams!

well explained .Thank you very much, now I understand how to write the summary properly.

I think this helped me a bit, we’ll see in the exams today. I got how taking notes work. But summary for me is a bit more difficult than it seems…i hope I’ll ve okay…and by the way this year, which was our last, we just did once or twice exercises for notes and summaries..but that’s it…it was something new for us…i hope it’ll be okay…

Ay bro how was the exam? My exam is tomorrow

Is it necessary to write the title when you are writing a summary?

No. Title, long introductions, conclusion etc. are not recommended. Just summarise the main contents concisely.

No need including title

this is amazing i love it so much im so passionate about it thank you to my english teachers for introducing it to me

Truly it was a helpful one.

I am an overseas student and is currently preparing for an English equivalency Test for an ITT programme in UK, can you suggest me how should I prepare?

I’m afraid none of us have any experience with that test so we’re not qualified to provide advice. If you are looking to improve your general English fluency, though, my top tips would be: 1. Read English books (this is really good for picking up good spelling and grammar) 2. Watch English movies (this is good for picking up slang, phrases, expressions, learning natives talk, and working on your listening skills) 3. Make a friend who is a native English speaker and practise with them – this could be an online friendship, a pen pal, or an in person friendship

Thanks a lot for replying…

Like Liked by 1 person

Very helpful for assignments during the lockdown, thank you!

Glad we could be of help!

Its very helpful.Thank you very much.

Thank you. Way more clear

I’m going to have my exam tmr and your notes helps a lot TT. Wish me good luck;))

Ohh i just love your website…..it is so helpful…thank you so much….can you also upload notes on writer’s effect, I struggle in that topic a lot…

it was really helpful, tomorrow is my second term mock exam and it really helped me a lot!! i appreciate your hard work and time consumed to prepare these all for us.

Thank you!! So glad we could be of help! All the best for the mock exam!

Amazing notes, thank you so much.

You’re welcome Ahmad!! 🤗

Thanks for help .now i can sleep peacefully

It’s too helpful thanks

You’re welcome!

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Igcse 0500 first language english – narrative composition: two sample essays.

One of the most crucial aspects of any student’s journey is learning how to write well and to understand the criteria for the mark scheme… But how do you make sure that your understanding of the criteria and the mark scheme actually reflects that of an examiner?

This makes it such that it is very important to have good examples…

…And that’s exactly what this essay aims to resolve today!

Here’s a set of two sample essays for Narrative Writing for the IGCSE. Each essay is written to match a specific level descriptor and has been validated with the experience of our team, and reflects the way that we would assign marks based on the mark scheme.

Have a look at this, think about it, and hopefully it will help you to understand what is required and desirable in the exam 🙂

We’ll start with two essays from the Winter 2022 Paper 2; more examples will come soon (and even more for our paid members!), and we will soon publish a book of narrative writing AND descriptive writing essays as well; it will be available on both Shopee and Lazada as well as from this site, so make sure that you’re following this blog!

Without further ado, here are the examples!

Example A: 

Title: “Write a story with the title ‘Lost’.” – Winter 2022, Paper 2 Variant 2. Tom, a 12-year-old boy, lived in a small town surrounded by a vast, mysterious forest. He spent most of his weekends exploring the woods with his loyal dog, Max. They had many exciting adventures, discovering hidden trails, secret clearings, and beautiful wildlife. Tom felt a sense of freedom and wonder every time he ventured into the woods. One sunny Saturday morning, Tom and Max set out on another adventure. They walked deeper into the forest than they had ever gone before, captivated by the vibrant colours and enchanting sounds of nature. Hours passed, and they were blissfully unaware of how far they had strayed from home. As the sun began to set, Tom realized they were in an unfamiliar part of the woods. He tried to retrace their steps, but the shadows cast by the towering trees made it difficult to navigate. Panic began to set in as they wandered aimlessly, desperately searching for a familiar landmark. The sun dipped below the horizon, and the forest was soon enveloped in darkness. Tom’s fear escalated, and Max, sensing his distress, stayed close by his side. As they stumbled through the darkness, they suddenly spotted a flickering light in the distance. Approaching the light, they discovered a small, old cabin with a warm glow emanating from its windows. Tom hesitated, but he knew they needed help. He mustered the courage to knock on the door. An elderly man with a kind face and a long, white beard opened the door. Tom nervously explained their predicament, and the man agreed to help them find their way home. He grabbed a flashlight and a map, and together, they set off into the night. They walked for hours, following the map and the man’s vast knowledge of the forest. The journey was long, and Tom’s exhaustion began to take over. But, just as hope seemed to be fading, they reached the familiar edge of the woods. Tom’s house came into view, and relief washed over him. Tom thanked the old man, who offered some wise advice before departing. “Remember, young one, the forest can be both magical and dangerous. Always be prepared and respect its power.”

Comment: “The essay “Lost” deserves a level 4 in both Table A: Content and Structure and Table B: Style and Accuracy. The story’s plot is relevant and cohesive, featuring narrative elements such as character development and setting the scene. The content is relevant, with some development (W1), and the structure is competently managed (W2). The story falls short of level 5 as the plot could be more strongly developed with further description, character interaction, or a more effective climax.

For Table B, the essay displays some precise vocabulary and a range of sentence structures used occasionally for effect (W3). The story maintains an appropriate register for the context (W4), and the spelling, punctuation, and grammar are generally accurate, with some errors (W5). It does not reach level 5 due to the vocabulary and sentence structures not being consistently precise or well-chosen for effect.

The essay does not deserve a level 6 because the content is not complex, engaging, or effective enough (W1), and the structure is not as well-balanced or carefully managed for deliberate effect (W2). Furthermore, the vocabulary is not consistently well-chosen for effect (W3), and the spelling, punctuation, and grammar are not almost always accurate (W5).

Lastly, the essay does not deserve a level lower than 4 because it does not exhibit the characteristics of lower levels, such as limited or unclear content (W1), partially organized or ineffective structure (W2), simple vocabulary or sentence structures (W3), or persistent grammatical errors (W5).

Now, on the other hand… What does a Level 6 essay look like?

Have a look!

Title: “Write a story with the title ‘Lost’.” – Winter 2022, Paper 2 Variant 2. In the quaint town of Willowbrook, nestled in the heart of the valley, nine-year-old Lucy found solace in the dense, enchanting woods that surrounded her home. The forest was her sanctuary, a place where she could let her imagination run wild. Alongside her trusty companion, a golden retriever named Jasper, she would spend countless hours exploring its depths, discovering its secrets. One day, as the sun dipped below the horizon, Lucy and Jasper ventured further into the woods than they ever had before. They traversed moss-covered trails, played hide-and-seek among the towering trees, and splashed in the crystal-clear stream. As they roamed deeper into the woods, the sun’s fading light cast long shadows across their path, but they continued on, oblivious to the encroaching darkness. It wasn’t until the last rays of sunlight vanished that Lucy realized they were lost. Panic surged through her veins as she clung to Jasper for comfort, whispering, “We’ll find our way back, won’t we?” The woods had transformed into an eerie, unfamiliar world. Shadows danced in the moonlight, and the once melodic bird songs were replaced by unfamiliar, haunting sounds. Together, they stumbled through the dark, moonlit forest, guided only by instinct and the faint glimmer of hope. As they pressed on, the forest seemed to close in around them, the darkness growing thicker with each step. Suddenly, they came upon a mysterious, ancient oak tree. It stood tall and majestic, its gnarled roots digging deep into the earth, as though it had been there for centuries. The tree seemed to beckon them, and as they approached, they noticed a glowing inscription carved into the trunk. It read, “Whisper your fears, and I shall show the way.” With trepidation, Lucy leaned in and whispered her fears to the tree, her breath quivering. As she finished, the inscription shimmered, and a trail of luminous fireflies emerged from the tree, leading them through the darkness. As they followed the swarm, the menacing shadows receded, and the forest gradually regained its familiar allure. The fireflies weaved through the trees, illuminating their path and casting a warm, comforting glow. The journey through the forest felt like an eternity, but eventually, the fireflies led them to the edge of the woods, where they caught a glimpse of their town’s warm glow. Overwhelmed with relief, Lucy hugged Jasper tightly, tears streaming down her cheeks. Together, they raced towards the town, grateful for the guidance that had delivered them from the clutches of the unknown. Upon their return, Lucy shared the tale of their adventure with her family, who listened in awe. The ancient oak tree and its magical fireflies became a cherished part of local folklore, a symbol of hope for those who found themselves lost, both literally and metaphorically. And for Lucy, the woods remained her sanctuary, but she never ventured too far from the guiding light of home.

The essay “Lost” deserves the highest possible grade, as it demonstrates complex, engaging, and effective content (W1) with a secure, well-balanced, and carefully managed structure for effect (W2). The story plot contains well-defined and developed ideas as well as images to create a convincing overall picture with varieties of focus. As for writing for effect, it contains a good range of sentence structures and precise vocabulary, used effectively for effect (W3), while maintaining a consistent, well-chosen register suitable for the context (W4). Spelling, punctuation, and grammar are almost always accurate (W5).

To improve the story, the writer can incorporate more sensory details to further immerse the reader in the setting. By adding these elements, the essay is able to evoke even more vivid images and emotions, further enhancing the reader’s experience and appreciation.

Okay, and we’re done! 🙂

I hope that you enjoyed this post, and that you will find it valuable!

If you did, do feel free to share it with your friends! We will proceed onwards with descriptive writing examples pretty soon – these will be part of the membership site component of the site materials, and we will also create more of these materials for you soon!

Thank you once again, and we look forward to sharing more with you soon!

victortanws

March 23, 2023 7:33 am

IGCSE First Language English – Descriptive Composition: Two Sample Essays

[…] are, you read our set of sample essays for IGCSE narrative composition the other day – well we’re continuing on that thread and providing you with some First […]

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Model Answer: Narrative Writing ( CIE IGCSE English Language )

Revision note.

Model Answer: Narrative Writing

In Section B of Paper 2, you will be given the choice of four titles: Questions 2 and 3 will be descriptive writing titles, and Questions 4 and 5 will be narrative writing titles. Each of the options is worth 40 marks and you are only required to choose one of them (either descriptive or narrative). While descriptive writing will contain elements of narration, and vice versa, it is important to be aware that there is a distinction between the two styles of writing and you should shape your responses accordingly. You should therefore consider all four choices before selecting the one you feel will best allow you to demonstrate your skills as a writer.

The following guide will provide you with a narrative writing model answer, based on a past paper task. It is divided into:

Planning your narrative writing

Narrative writing model answer, unannotated model answer.

Once you have decided on your choice of title from the options, you should spend 10 minutes planning your writing.

Let’s take this narrative writing task as an example:

“Write a story which involves an injustice”

We can use a five-part narrative structure to plan our response:

The following model answer demonstrates a top-mark response to the above task:

• The first paragraph uses personification to set the scene
• The story then shifts to the past, with ambitious word choices
• The climax of the story indicates a shift in tone, with indirect characterisation used to make it believable
• Nature imagery is repeated throughout the story
• The falling action describes the aftermath and links to the focus of the story’s title: “injustice”
• The story finishes by returning to nature imagery and personification
• Remember, plan the order and “flow” of your story
• Stick to one setting and no more than two main characters
• Vary your sentence and paragraph lengths
• Employ imagery and literary devices to bring your story to life
• Use indirect characterisation to make your characters realistic and believable
• Consider your story as a “scene” in a film:
• It is not necessary to know everything about your characters
• It is better to immerse the reader with vivid “showing” techniques, such as sensory imagery and interesting vocabulary
• Write with technical accuracy

Immerse your reader

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Author: Deb Orrock

Deb is a graduate of Lancaster University and The University of Wolverhampton. After some time travelling and a successful career in the travel industry, she re-trained in education, specialising in literacy. She has over 16 years’ experience of working in education, teaching English Literature, English Language, Functional Skills English, ESOL and on Access to HE courses. She has also held curriculum and quality manager roles, and worked with organisations on embedding literacy and numeracy into vocational curriculums. She now manages a post-16 English curriculum as well as writing educational content and resources.