scope of 5g technology in india essay 250 words

CBSE Digital Education

Essay on 5G Technology | 5G Technology in India

This long essay on 5G Technology in English is suitable for students of classes 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, 11, 12 and also for competitive exam aspirants. Read and enjoy the complete information about the essay on 5G Technology .

All important information regarding the Essay on 5G Technology is discussed in the article. After reading this article, we got all the important regarding What is 5G Technology, How does 5G Works, Evaluation from First Generation to Fifth Generation, the Advantages and disadvantages of 5G Technology, and the Challenges of 5G Technology.

Essay on 5G Technology in English 800 Words

Introduction.

5G Technology Essay – 5G Technology is the next generation of mobile broadband that will eventually replace, or at least expand 4G LTE  connections. Long-term development (LTE) is a standard for wireless broadband communications for mobile devices and data terminals.

5G is a new revolutionary technology in the field of telecommunications.  This technology is set to play an unprecedented role in the field of communication in place of 4G in the future.  This technology started from the south is also being introduced in India, which will give great impetus to the important programs of India’s social, economic, defense, space, etc, and the development of the nation will be faster.

5G technology is the fifth generation of the Internet and is considered the fastest and most secure means of data transfer. Its speed will be more than about 1 Gbps, which is about ten times more than a normal wireless mobile phone. The 5G is much more powerful than its previous generations due to its high-speed data transfer and low latency.

How does 5G Work?

The transmission of the 5G network will not require any type of tower, but rather the transmission of signals through small cell stations in rooftops or electric poles.  These small cells are significantly more important because of the millimeter-wave spectrum.

Various state-of-the-art technologies under 5 G technologies, such as MIMO, TDD, etc. will be used.  Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology will provide downloading capability with an intensity of around 952 Mbps.

Evaluation from First Generation to Fifth Generation

• 1G Technology was launched in the 1980s and worked on analog radio signals and supported only voice calls.
• 2G Technology was launched in the 1990s which uses digital radio signals and supported both voice and data transmission with a Bandwidth of 64 Kbps.
• 3G Technology was launched in the 2000s with a speed of 1 Mbps to 2 Mbps and it has the ability to transmit telephone signals including digitized voice, video calls ad conferencing.
• 4G Technology was launched in 2009 with a peak speed of 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps and it also enables 3D virtual reality.

Advantages of 5G Technology

Some of the important advantages of an essay on 5G technology are:-

• A committee on 5G technology was formed in India, which in its recommendation for an increase in the amount of spectrum available and a decrease in the value of spectrum in the initial allocation of 5G spectrum.
• 5G technology is expected to offer advanced mobile broadband that can meet high coverage requirements.
• If the 5G technology is successfully implemented in India, it will revolutionize the Indian telecom sector.
• This technology will accelerate the Digital India program of the Government of India, Make in India, and Ease of Doing Business. Apart from this, New India Mission, Smart City Project, Bharat Net Project, etc. can be made successful.
• The high data speed of the 5G Network might help cloud systems steam software updates, music, and navigation data.
• 5G will also facilitate the ecosystem for the Internet of Things.
• The 5G technology, called the fifth generation of the Internet, can be used to increase India’s GDP, digitize the employment generation economy, etc.
• 5G Technology will help in the country’s digital growth which will result in the rise of GDP and employment generation in the country.
• 5G technology will help to incorporate Artificial Intelligence into our daily lives.
• It is estimated that 5G technology will boost the digital economy in India, helping India achieve a $ 5 trillion economy by 2024.

Challenges of 5G Technology

Some of the challenges of the essay on 5G technology are:-

• According to information and communications technology experts, India lacks the appropriate infrastructure for 5G, and developing it is a challenge in itself.
• The proposed speed of 5G is brutal considering the inefficient technical support in most parts of the world.
• 5G connection is more expensive than the currently available network . 5G requires investors to invest more than $ 2000 billion annually, discouraging investors.
• Reliance Jio’s entry into the Indian telecom sector in 2016 has also led to a decline in revenue from other sector operators.
• The switch from 4G to 5G will be infrastructure intensive & the development of infrastructure for 5G is very expensive.

It is true that there are challenges related to infrastructure, investment, and health related to 5G technology in India right now, but the government should address these challenges as soon as possible and implement this technology in India. The introduction of 5G technologies in India, economic, socio-strategic, etc., will bring dynamism in all areas and the development of the country will be further strengthened.

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Essay On 5g Technology: Free Samples Available for Students

• Updated on  
• Dec 29, 2023

Congratulations to the world on the evolution of technology; from the first general-public computer named INIAC in 1945 to 5g technology in 2022, technology has greatly improved and has eased our lives. 5g technology is the advanced version of the 4g LTE (Long Term Evolution) mobile broadband service. We have all grown up from traditional mobile top-ups to digital recharges. According to sources, 5g is 10 times faster than 4g; a 4g connection has a download speed of 1 GBPS (Gigabyte Per Sec) and 5g has 10 GBPS. Below we have highlighted some sample essay on 5g technology.

Table of Contents

• 1 Essay on 5G Technology in 250 words
• 2.0.1 Conclusion
• 3 Benefits of 5G
• 4 10 Lines to Add to Your Essay on Technology

Also Read: Short Speech on Technology for School Students Short Essay on 5g Technology

The fifth generation or 5g technology for mobile networks was deployed all over the world in 2019, with South Korea becoming the first country to adopt it on a large scale. In mobile or cellular networks, the service or operating areas are divided into geographical units termed cells. The radio waves connect all the 5g mobile devices in a cell with the telephone network and the Internet. 

5g is 10 times faster than its predecessor, 4g, and can connect more devices in a particular area. Not only this, it also introduces new technologies such as Massive MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output), beamforming, and network slicing. Before switching to 5g, make sure to remember that 5g is not compatible with 4g devices.

Also Read: Essay on Health and Fitness for Students

Essay on 5G Technology in 250 words

The fifth generation of networks is the 5G network and this network promises to bring faster internet speed, lower latency, and improved reliability to mobile devices. In India, it is expected to have a significant impact on several industries such as healthcare, education, agriculture, entertainment, etc.

5G carries a lot of features such as:-

• Higher speeds: – The 5G network will have wider bandwidth which will allow for more data to flow. Hence, it will result in higher download and upload speeds.
• More capacity :- 5G network, in comparison to 4G, will have greater capacity to hold more network devices. This is very essential as the number of network devices increases each day.
• Lower latency: – 5G network will have much lower latency. This is essential for many tasks such as video conferencing or even online gaming which is a known profession these days. 

Due to all these, a lot of things will have a positive impact. Connectivity will improve and enable even the most rural areas to become connected to the rest of the world. 5G technology will help revolutionise the healthcare industry in India in ways such as telemedicine, remote surgeries, real-time patient monitoring, etc. 

However, like any other innovation, 5G does come with some concerns. There are certain concerns regarding the security of the 5G network, hence Indian Government needs to ensure that this network is safe from all the cyber threats. Also, although not proven, there are some concerns regarding the effects of 5G radiation on health. 

There is no doubt that 5G technology holds immense potential for India. And although there are many challenges to its deployment, the Indian Government and other industry experts should work together to over come these challenges and make the most of this technology.

350 Word Essay on 5g Technology

How significantly technology has improved. 50 years back nobody would have imagined that a mobile connection would allow us to connect anywhere in the world. With 5g technology, we can connect virtually anywhere with anyone in real-time. This advanced broadband connection offers us a higher internet speed, which can reach up to two-digit gigabits per second (Gbps). This increase in internet speed is achieved through the use of higher-frequency radio waves and advanced technologies.

The world of telecommunication is evolving at a very fast pace. 3g connectivity was adopted in 2003, 4g in 2009, and 5g in 2019. the advent of 5G technology represents an enormous leap forward, promising to reshape the way we connect, communicate, and interact with the digital world. 

The 5th Generation of mobile networks stands out from its predecessors in speed, latency, and the capacity to support a larger array of devices and applications. 5g speed is one of the most remarkable features, which allows us to download large amounts of files from the internet in mere seconds. Not only this, it also allows us smoother streaming of HD content and opens the door to transformative technologies.  Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) experiences, which demand substantial data transfer rates, will become more immersive and accessible with 5G.

What is the difference between 5g and 4g?

The difference between 5g and 4g technologies clearly highlighted in their speed, latency, frequency bands, capacity and multiple other uses.

• The average downloading speed of 4g connectivity was 5 to 1000 Mbps (megabytes per sec). But with 5g, this speed increases 10 times.
• 4G networks had a latency of around 30-50 milliseconds and 5g reduces latency to as low as 1 millisecond or even less.
• 4G networks mainly use lower frequency bands below 6 GHz, but,  5g utilizes a broader range of frequencies, including lower bands (sub-6 GHz) and higher bands (millimeter waves or mmWave).
• 4g was well-suited for broadband applications like web browsing, video streaming, and voice calls. 5g is capable of supporting a large number of applications from smart cities, critical communication services, and applications that demand ultra-reliable low-latency communication.

Benefits of 5G

• Lower Latency: 5G Network will have extremely lower latency compared to that of 4G LTE. This will result in a much more smoother experience in terms of real time communication such as video conferencing or online gaming.
• Faster Speeds : 5G Network is expected to peak at high speeds of around 10 Gbps which is extremely high as compared to that of 4G LTE. This will result in high download as well as upload speeds and much smoother video streaming, etc.
• New Applications: Some applications that were not possible with 4G LTE will now be possible because of 5G such as remote surgery, augmented reality, etc.
• More Capacity: 5G bands can support Much more devices as compared to 4G LTE networks. This is extremely important as the number of connected grows everyday.

Also Read: Essay on Farmer for School Students

10 Lines to Add to Your Essay on Technology

Here are 10 simple and easy quotes on 5g technology. You can add them to your essay on 5g technology or any related writing topic to impress your readers.

• 5g technology is the fifth generation of mobile or cellular networks.
• 5g offers significantly higher download speeds, reaching several gigabits per second.
• 5g technology’s ultra-low latency is one of the most striking features, which can reduce delays to as little as 1 millisecond.
• 5G utilizes a diverse spectrum, including both lower bands (sub-6 GHz) and higher bands (mmWave).
• The increased speed and low latency of 5G support emerging technologies like augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR).
• It enables a massive Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, connecting a vast number of devices simultaneously.
• 5G is essential for applications requiring real-time responsiveness, such as autonomous vehicles and remote surgery.
• The deployment of 5G networks is underway globally, transforming how we connect and communicate.
• Smart cities leverage 5G to enhance efficiency through interconnected systems and sensors.
• As the backbone of the digital era, 5G technology is driving innovation and shaping the future of connectivity.

Related Articles

Ans: 5g technology is the advanced generation of the 4g technology. It’s a mobile broadband service, which allows users to have faster access to the internet. Our everyday tasks on the internet will be greatly improved using 5g technology. 5g is 10 times faster than its predecessor, 4g and can connect more devices in a particular area. Not only this, it also introduces new technologies such as Massive MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output), beamforming, and network slicing. Before switching to 5g, make sure to remember that 5g is not compatible with 4g devices.

Ans: 4g technology has a download speed of 5 to 10 Gbps. This broadband service is 10 times faster than its predecessor, 4g.

Ans: 5g is an advanced version of the 4g connectivity in terms of speed, latency, frequency bands, capability, and uses. 4G networks had a latency of around 30-50 milliseconds and 5g reduces latency to as low as 1 millisecond or even less.

For more information on such interesting topics to help you with your school, visit our essay writing page and follow Leverage Edu .

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Essay on 5G in India

Students are often asked to write an essay on 5G in India in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on 5G in India

Introduction to 5g.

5G, the fifth generation of mobile networks, promises faster data speeds and better connectivity. In India, it’s still under testing.

Benefits of 5G in India

5G can transform India digitally. Faster internet means better communication, improved online education, and advanced healthcare services.

Challenges for 5G in India

India faces challenges in 5G implementation, like high costs, need for new infrastructure, and ensuring rural coverage.

Despite challenges, 5G could bring significant positive changes to India. It’s an exciting future to look forward to!

250 Words Essay on 5G in India

Introduction.

5G, the fifth generation of mobile networks, is anticipated to revolutionize India’s digital landscape. Its potential to offer high-speed internet connectivity, low latency, and improved bandwidth promises to redefine user experience and foster digital innovation.

5G and Digital India

The advent of 5G aligns with the Indian government’s ‘Digital India’ initiative, aiming to transform the nation into a digitally empowered society. 5G could enhance e-governance, digital payments, and e-learning, thus democratizing digital access across urban and rural India.

5G and Indian Economy

5G is expected to generate a new wave of economic growth. It could unlock numerous opportunities in sectors like healthcare, agriculture, and manufacturing, leading to job creation and contributing to India’s GDP.

5G and Technological Innovation

5G is predicted to stimulate technological innovation, facilitating the development of smart cities, IoT, AI, and AR/VR applications. It could also catalyze the evolution of Industry 4.0 in India.

Challenges in 5G Adoption

However, 5G adoption in India faces challenges. Infrastructure development, spectrum allocation, and high deployment costs are significant hurdles. Ensuring digital literacy and bridging the digital divide are additional concerns.

500 Words Essay on 5G in India

5G, the fifth generation of wireless communication technology, promises to revolutionize the digital landscape in India. This technology offers faster data speeds, lower latency, and the ability to connect more devices simultaneously, thus providing a more seamless and efficient digital experience.

Current State of 5G in India

India is currently in the early stages of 5G adoption. The government has shown proactiveness in preparing for this technological leap. The Department of Telecommunications has already allotted 5G trial spectrum to telecom operators and technology companies, encouraging them to test the effectiveness and potential of 5G technology.

Impact of 5G on Indian Economy

The introduction of 5G is expected to have a significant impact on the Indian economy. It is predicted to contribute significantly to India’s GDP and create millions of new jobs across various sectors. It can transform industries such as healthcare, agriculture, education, and entertainment, enabling services like telemedicine, precision agriculture, virtual and augmented reality, and more.

5G and Digital India Initiative

The 5G technology aligns perfectly with the Indian government’s ‘Digital India’ initiative, which aims to transform India into a digitally empowered society. 5G can significantly enhance the reach and effectiveness of digital services offered by the government, ensuring that the benefits of digitalization reach every corner of the country.

5G and Smart Cities

While the journey towards 5G in India is fraught with challenges, the potential benefits it offers make it a worthy pursuit. The government, telecom operators, and technology companies need to work together to overcome the hurdles and ensure a smooth transition to 5G. The successful implementation of 5G will not only transform the digital landscape of India but also play a crucial role in the country’s socio-economic development.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

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5G in India: Roll Out, Advantages and Challenges

Last updated on January 23, 2022 by ClearIAS Team

The fifth-generation mobile network is popularly known as 5G.

5G is the next level of mobile network that will shape the Fourth Industrial Revolution, or Industrial 4.0.

Besides 5G also improve the quality of service delivery and aid in innovation by facilitating smarter and developing societies.

Table of Contents

What is 5G?

The 5G network will operate in the millimetre-wave spectrum   (30-300 GHz) which can send large amounts of data at very high speeds as the frequency is very high, and it experiences little interference from surrounding signals.

5G is the latest upgrade in the long-term evolution  (LTE) mobile broadband networks.

In the high-band spectrum of 5G, internet speeds have been tested to be as high as  20 Gbps (gigabits per second).

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5G mainly works in 3 bands:

• Low band spectrum: It has good coverage and speed of internet and data exchange however the maximum speed is  limited to 100 Mbps  (Megabits per second).
• Mid-band spectrum: It offers higher speeds compared to the low band, but has limitations in terms of coverage area and penetration of signals.
• High-band spectrum: It has the highest speed of all the three bands, but has extremely limited coverage and signal penetration strength.

What is the difference between 5G and 4G?

What is the Global scenario?

Commercial 5G networks began to be deployed in 2020 worldwide and are expected to reach 12% of world mobile connections (1.1 billion) and generate revenues up to the U.S.$1.3 trillion by 2025 for operators.

5G had been deployed in 50 cities in the United States.

South Korea rolled out 5G to 85 cities.

Japan and China have started 5G mobile services on a trial basis.

Is India ready for the 5G leap?

DoT confirmed that 13 cities in India would get 5G services in 2022. These include Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Gurugram, Chandigarh, Bangalore, Ahmadabad, Jamnagar, Hyderabad, Pune, Lucknow and Gandhinagar.

Advantages of 5G for India

The new generation mobile network has the transformative potential to provide a wide range of benefits to the Indian economy, which when combined with artificial intelligence provides a new face to a connected and autonomous system.

5G networks could improve the accessibility of services such as  mobile banking and healthcare , and enable exponential growth in opportunities for unemployed or underemployed people to engage in fulfilling and productive work.

The Indian policy-makers can  educate and empower citizens and businesses, and transform existing cities  into smart and innovative cities.

Socio-economic Benefits: This may allow citizens and communities to get socio-economic benefits and comforts delivered by a well-advanced, more data-intensive, digital economy.

• Broadly speaking, the uses of 5G in India may encompass enhanced outdoor and indoor broadband, the Internet of things (IoT) , smart cities and smart agriculture, energy monitoring, remote monitoring, smart grids, telehealth, industrial automation, remote patient monitoring, and industrial automation to name some of the areas.
• 5G technology can be used for agriculture and smart farming in the future. Using smart RFID sensors and GPS technology, farmers can track the location of livestock and manage them easily. Smart sensors can be used for irrigation contro l, access control, and energy management.
• It will support medical practitioners to perform advanced medical procedures with a reliable wireless network connected to another side of the globe. Doctors can connect with patients from anywhere anytime and advise them when necessary. Scientists are working on smart medical devices which can perform remote surgery. Smart medical devices like wearables will continuously monitor a patient’s condition and activate alerts during an emergency.

Challenges for rolling out 5G

• Critical infrastructures:  5G will require a  fundamental change to the core architecture of the communication system. Since the major flaw of data transfer using 5G is that it can’t carry data over longer distances, the 5G technology needs to be augmented to existing infrastructure.
• Financial liability:  For the transition from 4G to 5G technology, one has to upgrade to the latest cellular technology, thereby creating financial liability on consumers.
• Capital inadequacy:  Lack of adequate capital with suitable telecom companies (like Bharti Airtel and Vodafone Idea) is delaying the 5G spectrum allocation.
• Late adoption:  Countries in the Asia-Pacific region, including India, Bangladesh, and Indonesia are late in adopting 5G technology, hence, may get decreased revenue from the service.
• Government subsidies : The likelihood of government subsidies is low, because of the history of high reserve prices set by the governments for spectrum auctions amid ongoing fiscal deficits.
• Digital divide:  5G will not bridge the digital divide between rural and urban in the short term, rather this may increase it.
• Niche service:  5G will be a niche service unlike 3G and 4G which were distributive services. It will get intensified over a comparatively longer period and concentrated to particular sectors.
• Previous technology : Consumers are still struggling with basic network issues like call drops and interrupted data services. 4G networks still cause frequent disruptions in internet services.
• Interference: There are concerns that the rollout of 5G mobile service could potentially interfere with aircraft navigation systems. Air India cancelled eight flights on US routes in January 2022.

Hence it is important to elevate the quality of service of existing 4G networks before embarking on a new 5G platform.

Way forward

The immediate priority for India will be in identifying end-users and the population to be covered, the existing network and operators, identification of cities for the 5G rollout, working out an investment model, and minimization of the digital risk and pricing based on the usage of various sectors.

Existing infrastructure and capacity building

• The deployment of 5G in India needs to be carefully planned after a cost-benefit analysis by independent experts.
• This will create a level-playing field through market mechanisms such as facilitating, simulating, auctioning, ensuring competition, functioning markets, etc.

Sector-friendliness and financial aid:

• As the deployment of the 5G network is expensive, both the Central and State governments may need to consider measures that aid fibre investment, attract investment through public-private partnerships (PPPs), and facilitate investment funds on a nominal interest basis.
• The government should allow 100% foreign direct investment in the telecom sector along with other policy reforms which will attract investment into the sector.
• The Government needs to address information asymmetry and negative aspects through laws and regulations/taxes and subsidies.
• The deployment of 5G technology will also need the right of access to government infrastructure such as traffic lights, lamp posts, etc. where wireless operators can deploy electronic small cell apparatus.
• Reasonable fees may be charged by State and local governments to operators for affordable deployment of 5G equipment.
• Further, removing the tax burden for deploying fibre networks reduces associated costs and will promote investments, which will help in the smooth deployment of fibre in India.

Bridging the Rural-urban divide

• 5G can be deployed at different band spectrums and the low band spectrum, the range is much longer which is helpful for the rural areas.

Government’s Assistance: 

• One of the key inputs of 5G is the band spectrum which the government has complete control over. By managing the design of the spectrums, the government can control the price to be paid by the people.
• The government can also support the telecom companies to roll out networks that are sustainable and affordable for the public.

Spectrum pricing

• The government had recently failed to attract any bids in the 5G spectrum.
• The current proposals for the reserve price suggest the need to change the prices to conduct a successful auction.
• The pricing will have to be worked out keeping in mind the financial stress in the sector and affordability of services.

Manufacturing Sector in India

• As 5G starts taking shape in India, it is important to strengthen its domestic telecommunication manufacturing market so that the manufacturers and providers of these technologies will be able to make a mark in the global arena.

Viable Technology

• For widespread 5G deployment, it needs to become financially viable otherwise rural integration will remain a pipe dream.
• 5G technology has to be viable to the telecom operators too.

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Essay on 5g Technology | 5g Technology Essay

Essay on 5g technology | 5g technology essay.

Recently India has launched 5g network technology which paved the way for high speed internet connectivity. With the launch of 5g technology, essay on 5g technolgy has been become one of the most important essay topics for all competitive exams as well as academic exams . Lets see 5g technology essay in English.

5G Technology Essay

October 1, 2022 marks an important date in India's history when Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi inaugurated the commercial rollout of 5G services in India at the India Mobile Congress 2022 and telecom companies started rolling out 5G for users after months of testing. Now India will experience highest speed and increased availability of internet which will transform lives of people as well as economic progress of India. 

What is 5G technology?

5G, in telecommunications, is the fifth generation networks technology which is the latest upgrade in the long-term evolution (LTE) of mobile broadband networks. It is a new global wireless network technology after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G which enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and everything including machines, objects, and devices.

5G networks are also cellular networks like its predecessors in which service area is divided into small geographical areas which are called cells. All 5G devices in a cell are connected to the Internet and network by radio waves and provides high speed internet. 

The main advantage of 5G network technology is that it has greater bandwidth giving higher speed of data transfer and download with low latency, more reliability, massive network capacity, increased availability. Higher performance and improved efficiency of 5G networks technology empower new user experiences and connects new industries. Download PDF of this Essay: Click Here

Low, mid and high-frequency 5g spectrum

5g technology mainly works in 3 bands, namely low, mid and high-frequency spectrum where low band spectrum has great promise in terms of coverage and speed of internet and data exchange with limited speed. The mid-band spectrum offers higher speeds in comparison to the low band spectrum and the high-band spectrum offers the highest speed of all three bands and tested to be as high as 20 Gbps (gigabits per second).

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Benefits of 5G Networks Technology

5G networks technology is designed to do a variety of things that can transform human lives. It will expand the mobile ecosystem into new realm with faster download speeds and data transfer, negligible latency and more capacity and connectivity for billions of devices especially in the areas of artificial intelligence (AI) , virtual reality (VR) and Internet of Things (IoT). 5g technology will transform every industry, making safer and speedy transportation, remote healthcare facility, precision agriculture, digitized logistics etc. 

Also Read: Essay on Artificial Intelligence (AI)

5G technology and India

In India, 5G is officially available for commercial usage from October 1, 2022. Airtel and Jio telecom players have finalized a proper timeline for 5G services rollout in the country. Initially Airtel will offer 5G services in 8 cities including four metros and Jio will launch its 5G services across metropolitan cities including Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata. 

Starting of 5g network technology will help in good governance and will lead to higher economic growth in India by opening up new opportunities and societal benefits while cutting down on conventional barriers.

Hope you liked this 5g technology essay and it helped you in your exam preparation.

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5G in India

• 28 Dec 2021
• GS Paper - 3
• Growth & Development
• IT & Computers
• Indigenization of Technology
• Scientific Innovations & Discoveries

For Prelims: 5G, IoT, big data, AI, edge computing, fourth industrial revolution.

For Mains: Uses of 5G, Challenges for 5G Rollout in India, Evolution of telecom technology

Why in News

Recently, the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has announced that India's major metros will have 5G services next year.

• Like other global players, India had, in 2018, planned to start 5G services as soon as possible, with an aim to capitalise on the better network speeds and strength that the technology promised.
• 5G is the 5 th generation mobile network. It is a new global wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks.
• It enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and everything together including machines, objects, and devices.
• Internet speeds in the high-band spectrum of 5G has been tested to be as high as 20 Gbps (gigabits per second), while, in most cases, the maximum internet data speed in 4G has been recorded at 1 Gbps.

Evolution from First Generation to Fifth Generation

• 1G was launched in the 1980s and worked on analog radio signals and supported only voice calls.
• 2G was launched in the 1990s which uses digital radio signals and supports both voice and data transmission with a bandwidth of 64 Kbps.
• 3G was launched in the 2000s with a speed of 1 Mbps to 2 Mbps and it has the ability to transmit telephone signals including digitised voice, video calls and conferencing.
• 4G was launched in 2009 with a peak speed of 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps and it also enables 3D virtual reality.

• This means that telecom companies can use and install it for commercial cellphone users who may not have specific demands for very high speed Internet.
• However, the low band spectrum may not be optimal for specialised needs of the industry.
• This band may be used by industries and specialised factory units for building captive networks that can be moulded into the needs of that particular industry.
• This band greatly enhances futuristic 5G technology applications like Internet of Things (IoT) and smart technology but will require considerable infrastructure.
• Enhanced Mobile Broadband: In addition to making our smartphones better, 5G mobile technology can usher in new immersive experiences such as Virtual reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) with faster, more uniform data rates, lower latency, and lower cost-per-bit.
• Mission-Critical Communications : 5G can enable new services that can transform industries with ultra-reliable, available, low-latency links like remote control of critical infrastructure, vehicles, and medical procedures.
• Massive Internet of Things : 5G is meant to seamlessly connect a massive number of embedded sensors in virtually everything through the ability to scale down in data rates, power, and mobility—providing extremely lean and low-cost connectivity solutions.
• Combined with IoT , cloud, big data , Artificial Intelligence , and edge computing , 5G could be a critical enabler of the fourth industrial revolution.
• India’s National Digital Communications Policy 2018 highlights the importance of 5G when it states that the convergence of a cluster of revolutionary technologies including 5G, the cloud, Internet of Things (IoT) and data analytics, along with a growing start-up community, promise to accelerate and deepen its digital engagement, opening up a new horizon of opportunities.
• For an efficient 5G India launch and adoption, this number has to double.
• ‘Make in India’ Hardware Challenge: The ban on certain foreign telecom OEMs (original equipment manufacturer) upon which most of the 5G technology development depends, presents a hurdle in itself.
• This will be of detriment to India’s cash-strapped telcos.
• While 5Gi brings obvious benefits, it also increases 5G India launch costs and interoperability issues for telcos.

Way Forward

• Boosting Domestic 5G Production: The country needs to encourage and boost its local 5G hardware manufacturing at an unprecedented rate if it needs to realise the 5G India dream.
• Pricing Rationalisation: Rationalisation of this spectrum pricing is needed so that the government generates adequate revenue from the auction without hampering implementation plans for 5G in India.
• Bridging the Rural-Urban Gap: 5G can be deployed at different band spectrums and at the low band spectrum, the range is much longer which is helpful for the rural areas.

5G technology in India – importance, challenges and solutions

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Synopsis:  

M ore than 40 telecom operators  in the World  have already launched 5G  technologies . India being the 5 th  largest economy in the world has not yet launched the 5G technology .   I s it high time to launch 5G services  in  India  or India  still ha ve  time to catch   up  with  the  technology?  

click here to read about what is 5G technology?

Present Status  of 5G in India :  

Department of Telecommunication  (DoT)   in 2017  setup  a  5G steering committee headed by AJ Paulraj .  The committee submitted the report and suggest important steps .  I n 2018,  India  planned to start 5G services  but it has not yet materialized.  

All the private telecom players   urged  the DoT to lay out a road map of spectrum allocation and 5G frequency bands .  

Reliance Jio plans to launch an indigenously built 5G network  in  the second half of  2021 .  And  also,  to be  ready for deployment once the networks are in place.  

The government  for  its part  also working on  creat ing   a corpus of Rs 500 crore  dedicated exclusively for the  research and development  of  5G technology in India.  

Recently, The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has sought opinion about the sale and use of radiofrequency spectrum over the next 10 years, including the 5G bands from the experts.  

Importance  of 5G Technology :  

5G will bring with  High speed and  ultra-low latency  will revolutioni s e   government  effort  in  promot ing  digital India.  

First,  Minimum Government and Maximum  Governance:  Better speed and connectivity w ill  reduce  the  red – tapism  and  enhance speedy  and better implementation of  projects and policies.  This  will  various government missions such as smart cities mission, etc.  

Second,  Ultra- Low latency   in  5G services   ( time taken by a network to respond)  will  help  in  improvement in  the  logistics  and shipping   sector  and  also  reduce s   the  overall cost of goods and services.  

Third,  Employment generation:  5G technology will open  a new horizon of  opportunity for new device  manufacturers  and application developers.  T hus ,  more job opportunities  will be created and it  will help in  the  inclusive growth  of the nation .  

Fourth,  Enhanced network coverage:  This  will enhance network performance and support during limited access or absence of mobile networks.  The s mall cell concept used in 5G will have multiple advantages  of maximum  data transfer,  better cell coverage,  cloud access network  and low power consumption  etc. This will help in reducing  the  digital  divide  in India.  

Fifth,  5G will provide  e nhanced Security:  5G  will enhance s ecurity surveillance ,  better coordination among various agencies.  The   closed-circuit  cameras will provide high – quality real-time video for security purposes.  

Sixth,  5G will revolutionize  Industrial Growth:   The   f uture  of  industries will  greatly  depend on smart technologies like 5G for efficient automation, safety,  maintenance,  tracking, smart packing ,  and energy management.  

Seventh,  5G will improve  Agricultural applications:  5g can be used for smart farming in  the  future.  Such as  combining  smart RFID sensors and GPS technolog ies , farmers can track  the  location of livestock and manage them easily. Smart sensors can be used for irrigation control, access control and energy management.  

Eighth ,  5G will improve  h ealthcare and mission – critical applications:   Scientists are working on smart medical devices  such as  remote surg ical machines,  Smart medical devices , etc.    

Challenges  faced by India in introduction of 5G technologies:  

First  the major  q uestion of  n eed and viability :  Telecom operators are  facing a   financial crisis and have  a combined  debt  of   Rs 4 lakh crore.  Apart from that ,  t hey are still trying to fully monetise 4G services .  The introduction of  5G will involve a heavy upfront investment  and have  a long payback period.   Thus, the viability of 5G after  the  introduction is a major challenge.  

The  Second  challenge in  the  5G deployment  will be t he  pricing  of  the  spectrum .  DoT will price the spectrum but heavy upfront investment associated with  5G technologies will increase the price of the spectrum. But the telecom o perators with  a  stressed balance sheet might not have that much capital to invest in the 5G technologies and spectrum.    

Third  challenge associated with 5G is the  technological and operational challenges ,  

• E xtensive  fiberisation   requirement : Most operators at  present have  about 20-25%  fiberisation .  But , a tru e  5G experience will require  up to   80%  fiberisation  this also involves investment.  
• The antennae need to be upgraded at every site  and   also  requi re  an entirely new orchestration layer to achieve the critical feature of 5G network slicing.  

Fourth,  the  threat to national security :  China is preparing to dominate the world by rolling out its 5G technology warfare  across countries. By deploy ing the 5G  in India  without indigenisation of technology will  make India vulnerable to China . This will make the  data of individuals, groups or even  security agencies at risk.  

Lastly,  divert ing the   traffic from 4G to a more efficient 5G  is also a challenge. As the  AJ Paulraj committee  pointed out  that older generation technologies will remain for almost 1 0 years  after the 5G deployment.  

Solutions for faster implementation of 5G technologies in India:

India needs to fast the pace of its 5G implementation as  t echnology is critical to India’s digital ambition s .  

First , India needs to  introduce the  spectrum policy :  the policy should  focus on incentivising heavy investment in 5G, including long-term  support ,  and  technology-neutral spectrum licences, instead of trying to look for  reaping profits right  away.  

Second , India needs to  create an ecosystem capable of leveraging 5G , Like  skilled manpower,  technology , R&D  and investment , etc .  

Third , India has to  work   on Indigenous 5G technology .  I o T platforms  not only  for  military applications  but   also for  civilians  to avoid any 5G warfare and data threat in  the  future.  

Fourth,  India has to  Implement the recommendations of 5G steering committee. The important recommendations are:  

• Three  phased  implementation  of 5G technolog y   in India  
• E arly adoption of 5G  technologies  to   fast-track India’s embrace of 5G’s benefits.  
• Setting up of  Standing Committee with  a  five-year term  to advice on building Spectrum Technology Infrastructure.  

Way forward:  

T he shift from 4G to 5G is not incremental, but transformational.  S kipping  of   5G  is not a choice  India can  afford .   The  economic impact of 5G  in India  is expected  to be over $1 trillion by 2035  according to the  report of KPMG.  The Sooner the deployment of 5G in India is the better for India.  

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5G technology in India – Advantages and Challenges | UPSC – IAS

Table of Contents

Fifth Generation (5G) technology is generally seen as the 5th generation cellular network technology that provides broadband access. The industry association 3GPP defines any system using “5G NR” software as “5G” , a definition that came into general use by late 2018

Fifth Generation (5G) technology is a wireless communication technology using radio waves or radio frequency (RF) energy to transmit and receive data. fifth generation is the next generation mobile networks technology after 4G LTE networks. 5G technologies will enter services gradually, beginning in 2019 and advance to a full range of services by 2024. 5G connections in India are forecasted to reach 88 million by 2025, equivalent to around 7% of the total connections base in the country.

Fifth Generation (5G) technology will underwrite USD 12.3 trillion of worldwide  economic output by 2035, with investment  within the  value chain expected  to get  an extra  USD 3.5 trillion in output  and supply  support for 22 million jobs by 2035.

Difference between  5G and other Generation  | UPSC – IAS

• 2G and 3G mobile networks relied on microwave wireless backhaul to connect cell sites with the nearest switching centre.
• 4G LTE introduced IP-based connectivity , replacing copper- or microwave-based cell sites with optical fibre.
• 5G deployment is based on optical fibre infrastructure.

Advantages of 5G Technology | UPSC – IAS

• Faster Data Speed – Currently 4G networks are capable of achieving the peak download speed of one gigabit per second. With Fifth Generation (5G) the speed could be increased upto 10Gbps.
• Ultra-low latency – Latency refers to the time it takes for one device to send a packet of data to another device. In 4G the latency rate is around 50 milliseconds but 5G will reduce that to about 1 millisecond.
• A more Connected World – 5G will provide the capacity and bandwidth as per the need of the user to accommodate technologies such as Internet of Things. Thus, will help to incorporate Artificial Intelligence in our lives. It can also support Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality services.

As per the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) Committee on Digital Economic Policy, 5G technologies rollout will help in increasing GDP, creating employment and digitizing the economy.

• In agriculture, Fifth Generation (5G) can enable improvement in the entire value-chain, from precision farming, smart irrigation, improved soil and crop monitoring, to livestock management.
• In manufacturing, 5G will enable use of robotics for precision manufacturing, particularly where humans cannot perform these functions safely or accurately.
• In the energy sector , ‘smart grids’ and ‘smart metering’ can be efficiently supported. With the rise of renewable and storage technologies, low latency communications will be critical to manage these grids.
• In health-care, Fifth Generation (5G) can enable more effective tele-medicine delivery, tele-control of surgical robotics and wireless monitoring of vital statistics.

Challenges of 5G Technology in India | UPSC – IAS

• Huge Investment Required: India needs a massive Rs 5 lakh crore ($70 billion) investment to bring in 5G.
• Expensive spectrum: Indian spectrum prices are some of the highest in the world and the allocated quantity is well below global best practices, while 40% of the spectrum is lying unsold.
• Lack of uniform policy framework: Delays due to complex procedures across states, non-uniformity of levies along with administrative approvals have impacted telecom service providers in rolling-out Optical Fibre Cables (OFC) and telecom towers.
• Local Regulatory Issues: Many of the local rules and regulations are prohibiting the rapid and cost effective roll-out of small cells in city centres where Fifth Generation (5G) is initially expected to be most in demand.
• Debt scenario in the industry: According to ICRA, the collective debt of telecommunications service providers (TSPs) stands at Rs 4.2 lakh crore.
• Low optical fibre penetration: India lacks a strong backhaul to transition to 5G. Backhaul is a network that connects cells sites to central exchange. As of now 80% of cell sites are connected through microwave backhaul, while under 20% sites are connected through fibre.
• High Import of Equipments : Imports account for a 90 per cent of India’s telecom equipment market. However due to lack of local manufacturing and R&D, Indian telecom providers have no option other than to procure and deploy 5G technologies from foreign suppliers.
• Security: According to the Global Cyber Security Index released by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), only about half of all the countries had a cybersecurity strategy or are in the process of developing one. The index, which was topped by Singapore at 0.925 saw India at 23rd position.
• Possibility of increased digital divide: Initial deployment of 5G networks in dense urban areas could left behind rural areas due to commercial viability, may led to increase the digital divide.
• Human exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields: There has been concern about the said impact of these frequencies on health of human as well as on animals.

A Way Forward | UPSC – IAS

• Spectrum Policy: India’s spectrum allocation for public wireless services should be enhanced significantly. Also, the cost of spectrum relative to per capita GDP is high and should come down.
• Create a Fifth Generation (5G) Program Office within Department of Telecommunications and an Oversight Committee.
• New civil infrastructure like highways, roads, canals and utilities(gas, electricity, water) lines should be mandated to provide Common Telecom Infrastructure resources such as ducting and power junction boxes to support 5G infrastructure.
• Security audits, a prerequisite for importing of equipment before deploying in Indian networks, needs to be simplified.
• Favorable Taxation Policy: Reducing taxation and regulatory fees on revenues could contribute to further evolution of the tax framework.
• Fifth Generation (5G) Pilot: Policy-makers may consider encouraging 5G pilots and test beds to test 5G technologies and use cases and to stimulate market engagement.
• Support Fifth Generation (5G) investment: Indian government and regulators should ensure the long-term sustainability of the industry and its ability to fund the significant investment required for 5G network deployments.
• Policy- makers may consider the use of licensed, unlicensed and shared spectrum to create a balanced spectrum ecosystem – one that encourages investment, makes efficient use of spectrum and promotes competition.
• Where market failure has occurred, governments may consider stimulating investment in fibre networks and passive assets through setting up PPPs, investment funds and offering grant funds, etc.

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Essay on 5G Technology | 500+ Words

In today’s fast-paced world, technology continues to advance at an astonishing rate. One of the most groundbreaking technological advancements in recent years is 5G technology. 5G, short for fifth-generation wireless technology, promises to revolutionize the way we connect, communicate, and live our lives. In this essay, I will argue for the importance and benefits of 5G technology. By exploring its potential, applications, and impact on various aspects of our lives, I aim to demonstrate why 5G technology is a game-changer for the future.

Understanding 5G Technology

To appreciate the significance of 5G technology, it’s essential to understand what it is and how it differs from its predecessors. 5G is the fifth generation of wireless technology, succeeding 4G (fourth generation). Unlike 4G, which primarily focused on mobile internet, 5G is designed to enable a wide range of applications beyond just smartphones. It offers faster data speeds, lower latency, and the ability to connect a vast number of devices simultaneously.

Lightning-Fast Speeds

One of the most remarkable features of 5G technology is its incredible speed. With 5G, users can expect download and upload speeds that are exponentially faster than what 4G offers. This means that streaming high-definition videos, downloading large files, and even online gaming will become seamless and virtually lag-free. These lightning-fast speeds will greatly enhance our digital experiences.

Low Latency

Low latency, or the delay in data transmission, is another key benefit of 5G technology. With 5G, data can be sent and received almost instantaneously. This is especially important for applications that require real-time responsiveness, such as autonomous vehicles, remote surgery, and augmented reality experiences. Reduced latency ensures that critical tasks are performed swiftly and accurately.

Connectivity for the Internet of Things (IoT)

The Internet of Things, or IoT, refers to the network of interconnected devices and objects that communicate and exchange data. 5G is a game-changer for IoT as it provides the necessary infrastructure to connect billions of devices seamlessly. This has far-reaching implications for smart homes, smart cities, and industries like healthcare, agriculture, and manufacturing, where IoT can improve efficiency and productivity.

Advancing Healthcare

5G technology has the potential to transform healthcare in numerous ways. Telemedicine, for instance, becomes more accessible and efficient with 5G, allowing patients to consult with healthcare professionals remotely. Additionally, the low latency of 5G enables remote surgeries performed by robotic systems, connecting doctors and patients across great distances in real time.

Smart Cities and Urban Planning

Cities around the world are embracing the concept of smart cities, where technology is used to enhance the quality of life for residents. 5G technology plays a vital role in this endeavor. It enables smart infrastructure, such as traffic management systems, waste management, and energy-efficient lighting. These advancements lead to reduced congestion, cleaner environments, and better resource management in urban areas.

Education and Remote Learning

5G technology also has a significant impact on education. With faster internet speeds and reduced latency, students can access high-quality educational content and participate in immersive virtual classrooms. This is particularly important in situations like the COVID-19 pandemic, where remote learning has become a necessity.

Job Creation and Economic Growth

The rollout of 5G technology creates jobs and drives economic growth. It requires the deployment of new infrastructure, the development of 5G-compatible devices, and the expansion of network services. These activities contribute to job creation and stimulate economic activity in various sectors.

Conclusion of Essay on 5G Technology

In conclusion, 5G technology is a transformative force that holds the potential to revolutionize how we live, work, and connect with the world around us. With its lightning-fast speeds, low latency, and support for the Internet of Things, 5G promises to usher in a new era of innovation and convenience. It has the power to advance fields such as healthcare, education, and urban planning while also driving economic growth and job creation. As we embrace this cutting-edge technology, we should recognize the profound impact it will have on our lives and society as a whole. 5G technology is not just the next step in wireless communication; it is a giant leap towards a more connected and technologically advanced future.

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