easy topics to write a speech on

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243 Easy and Simple Speech Topics

Jim Peterson has over 20 years experience on speech writing. He wrote over 300 free speech topic ideas and how-to guides for any kind of public speaking and speech writing assignments at My Speech Class.

If you have interest and knowledge in a specific subject, it makes for an easy speech topic. If a subject is not complex, it makes for an easy subject. If you have interest and knowledge on a simple non-complex topic, that makes for a really easy speech topic.

If time doesn’t allow for much preparation or research, what’s best is to stick with something you know. This will cut down significantly on your workload because you already know most of what there is to know.

In this article:

Family, Friends, Relationships

Government and the law, miscellaneous, easy and simple speech topics on popular subjects.

Teachers should be required to take basic skills tests every few years to keep their certification
Less professional advertisements in schools
Why single-sex public schools are better than co-ed
SAT scores for college applicants
Student cyber bullies should be expelled from school
Hazing on college campuses is a problem
Higher education is a basic need for succeeding in life today.
Schools should not serve french fries and soda
Students that study online cheat more.
Classic literature should only be for college students.
Every student in every school should wear a uniform
Students should be placed in trade schools after getting a basic education
Exam scores have little indication on a student’s abilities
History textbooks don’t tell the whole truth
Learning about all world religions in schools is important
Homeschooling is better than traditional education
Phones are distracting students from learning
Going to college has little bearing on a successful future
Students should learn and be fluent in a second language
Mandatory community service for students to graduate high school
Should tablets and other technology replace books?
Schools should educate on proper nutrition from start to finish
Regulating the music at school dances to eliminate cursing
The impact of gym class on students

Dual parent households benefit children more.
Couples are wrong to stay together for the kids.
Family must always come first.
Parents need to stop forcing their own dreams on their children.
Live together before getting married.
Married couples must have date nights.
Breastfeeding is better than formula feeding
Discipline should be based on rewards, not punishment
Divorce doesn’t damage children.
Lower cost childcare or childcare provided at every workplace
Make help more readily available to single pregnant mothers
Never borrow money from friends.
Pros and cons of abstinence
Imposing a curfew on kids 17 and under
Parents should be accountable for not providing a healthy diet to their children
Kids having jam-packed schedules isn’t good for them
Long distance relationships don’t work.
It’s not good to be an only child.
Families eating together is important
Kids today are being made to be selfish, disrespectful, and entitled
Teenagers should contribute to household expenses
The need for parental consent to give teen girls birth control
Restrictions on how many children one family can have
Free counseling to at-risk youth
Parents right to give consent for their child to drink at home under supervision
Should parents respect kids privacy at all times?
How it takes a village to raise a child
Parent’s responsibility to discuss sex education
Video game violence causing violent kids
Imposing better and more affordable options for the aging community

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Dogs are better pets than cats.
Exotic animals are not pets.
Neutering pets is a must.
Humans have turned pit bulls into monsters.
Zoos do not give animals enough space.
Adopt don’t shop is key to getting a pet.
Birds are not meant to live in cages.
Dolphins are intelligent creatures.
Zoos cause more harm than good
Euthanize dogs that have bitten more than once
Ban slaughter houses for horses
Why dogs are man’s best friend
Not allowing people to keep exotic animals as pets
Pit bulls aren’t the problem , it’s their owners

Two child max rule should apply worldwide.
Smoking in all public places should be illegal worldwide.
Legalize abortion for rape and incest cases.
Buyers should be punished even harsher than poachers.
Cosmetic surgery should be regulated.
Equal punishment and less protection for celebrities who break the law
Impose bi-annual drivers tests for people over 60
People on welfare should be drug tested to receive welfare, and at random to keep it
Moral and legal stance on capital punishment
Immigrants should be required to speak the primary language of the country they wish to immigrate to
Red light cameras at every traffic light
Everyone having access to affordable or even free universal health care
The government is no longer “by the people and for the people”
Impose stricter federal restrictions on internet content
Making self-defense courses available to the public
Regulate automobile emissions
All weapons must be registered with the police
The government shouldn’t censor information given online
Stricter punishments for driving drunk
No death penalty for juveniles
Higher standards held for the President
Weeding out the dirty politicians
Protecting the quality of drinking water in America
Criminals should pay restitution to their victims rather than to society
Eliminate cursing on day-time television
Restrictions on garbage output to reduce pollution and carbon footprint
Legal issues are the best sources to find suggestions for persuasive speech topics.
There is a need for more prisons.
Human rights must be respected.

People need to visit dentists more often.
Fast foods must be more expensive than healthier foods.
Music has healing power.
Fast food restaurants are not responsible for obesity.
Eating fruit is healthier than drinking fruit juice.
Medical marijuana isn’t a cure.
Vegan diets are too extreme.
Benefits of drinking 2L of water per day is a myth.
Calcium doesn’t make teeth stronger.
Losing weight is easy, keeping it off is not.
Aging cannot be reversed.
Fat isn’t bad for you.
Electronic cigarettes are harmful.
Diet pills do not work.
Balanced sugar-free nutrition is an effective treatment for ADHD.
Hospitals should allow owners of pets to have their pets brought in
Buying local goods is better for the economy and for our health
The impact of consuming all organic foods on our bodies
The benefits of alternative medicine vs. Western medicine
HIV and AIDS testing done annually for Health Care Professional
Fast food and the war on obesity
Morbidly obese people should have to pay more for public transportation
Healthcare should include a gym membership and nutrition counseling
The negative implications of Facebook
Television programs must be censored before broadcasting.
Talking during movies at the theater is rude behavior.
How the paparazzi hinders free press
The good and bad when it comes to Google
The paparazzi are the real stalkers.
Celebrities get away with everything.
Video games are not evil.
Downloading copyrighted MP3s is piracy.
Sex and violence on television is harmful to children.
Ad spots in news programs should be banned.
News media should give equal attention to all politicians.
There is nothing real about reality TV.
Social media should be blocked at work places.
Fake news writers should be punished.
Word of mouth will always be the best form of advertising.
TV’s will soon be a thing of the past.
Romantic movies set unrealistic standards.
Ads aimed at children should be strictly regulated.
Television has become the number two news source after the internet and tv will be further downsized.
Beer advertisements promote irresponsible drinking and ought to be banned from the communal street views.
Harry Potter books are popular even among adults.
News reporters earn money because of people who make a mess of their lives.
No news is good news!
Books should never be burned in public.
Advantages of having a three-day weekend instead of a two-day weekend
Why everyone should visit Disney World
Allow married women to enter Miss World and Miss Universe pageants.
There couldn’t be enough beauty contests for children!
Beauty contests degrade women.
Some market toys provoke and promote violent behavior.
Mac is better than PC
Santiago de Chile tourists must be made aware of pickpocketers. (or another city)
Love is far more powerful than hate
Make free public wi-fi available
Bike-sharing programs
Stealing from the rich to give to the poor is not nobel.
The morals behind lying
Silly games like Candy Crush are making people less intelligent
Using hands-free devices while driving
Using lie detector tests for employment purposes
What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger
Money can’t buy happiness
Is Batman a real superhero?
Why there aren’t more female construction workers
Lie detector tests are inaccurate.
Organic food tastes better.
Alternative power is the answer to our energy crisis.
It’s immoral to genetically design babies.
Every property needs to have at least one tree.
Nursery rhymes need to be looked at better.
Hostels are not a place for children.
Plant fruit trees on sidewalks.
Religion and science can go hand in hand.
Everyone should know how to swim.
Not wearing a seat belt a personal choice.
Opposites will always attract.
Climate change is always changing.
Not enough is done to end world hunger.
Battery farming is unethical.
People shouldn’t be paying for drivers licenses.
Smokers make the most acquaintances.
First impressions are always right.
Cash should be abandoned completely.
Allow mind reading during poker.
Minimum wage is too low.
Security cameras are an invasion of privacy.
Clients don’t want birthday messages from businesses.
Allow casual dress clothes in the workplace.
Make public transport free.
The welfare system doesn’t work.
Organ donors should be paid.
All kids on a winning team should get a trophy.
Illegal immigrants don’t harm the economy.
Humans are vegetarian by nature.
Self-driving cars will cause fewer accidents.
It is time to include internet slang to dictionaries.
Teens are unfairly stereotyped.
Group homes are better than foster care.
Guns don’t kill people.
Fracking is dangerous.
Money isn’t the root of all evil.
Being homeless is a choice.
The school curriculum is too overloaded.
Graffiti is art.
Priests shouldn’t be giving marriage counseling.
Everyone must be taught to do CPR.
Juvenile crime is dealt with incorrectly.
Older generations were crueler.
Royal families are not needed in this day and age.
Fame will always be bad for children.
Prisoners must not be allowed tovote.
Yearly HIV tests for all health professionals.
Being skinny is no longer cool.
Lego’s are not gender bias.
The drought in Cape Town will happen in other parts of the world too.
Employees know more than employers.
Adoption records should be opened.
Affirmative action is false competition in the workspace.
Aids tests should be required in federal prisons – for all inmates and the prison guards too.
The millimeter wave scanner at airports security zones strikes out all privacy that we fought for.
Water management in our home really does matter.
Why you should only buy fair trade.
Hundred percent airline safety is an utopia.
Helping runaways is a crime.
Help addicted popstars immediately and save them.
Hands free cell phone use in cars must be promoted better.
Drivers quickly forget their drivers education.
The driving age for teens should be raised to 18.
The 1st Amendment is not a shield for hate groups.
Reducing crime is a utopia.
Impose trade and social sanctions on countries that do not prohibit child labor.
More cold cases will be solved if investigators make use of DNA available.
Ban the sale of guns at shops and stores.
Saying what you want must not include hate speech.
Immigrants must learn the language of the country they move to.
Refund or rebate extra taxes collected plus interest on it to those who paid.
Help the homeless down the streets and persuade them to look for work.
Cell phone use is dangerous while driving.
How Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas.
History of our National Anthem and rituals.
Paying off mortgage debt early is a good investment.
Global awareness makes us responsible citizens of the world.

Nothing really stand out? No problem. Start by writing a list of things that interest you. Keep going until you find something you know a good deal about and that you could talk about forever. Choose something that will get your blood boiling, that you feel strongly about, even if others don’t. You’ll likely convert some people to your way of thinking just by the way you speak about your chosen topic.

No matter what topic you choose, always be credible and purpose-driven. Giving false facts is a big “no-no” and so is being wishy-washy with you speech. Give it meaning, give it purpose.

Just remember, what may be easy speech topics to one person, isn’t always easily understood by someone else. So keep that in mind when persuading your audience.

613 Original Argumentative Speech Topics Ideas

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8 thoughts on “243 Easy and Simple Speech Topics”

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99 Easy Persuasive Speech Topics

Persuasive speech topics are vast and varied. Whether you’re looking for a light-hearted topic to entertain an audience or something more serious to inspire action, there are plenty of easy persuasive speech topics to choose from.

Take a look at this list of easy persuasive speech topics and see if any of them pique your interest!

Importance of Wearing Sunscreen
Benefits of Meditation and Mindfulness
The Power of Connection: Why Strong Social Support Is Essential for Well-Being
Dangers of Social Media Addiction
The Need for Renewable Energy Sources
The Benefits of Self-Care: Why It’s Essential for Your Health and Happiness
The Benefits of Adopting a Plant-Based Diet
The Importance of Financial Literacy and Budgeting
Benefits of Learning to Code
The Need for Stricter Animal Cruelty Laws
Dangers of Fast Fashion and the Importance of Sustainable Fashion
Living Life: Traveling and Experiencing Different Cultures
The Importance of Mental Health Awareness and Seeking Help When Needed
Benefits of Having a Diverse and Inclusive Society
Mindfulness and Meditation: Simple Practices for Reducing Stress and Improving Mental Clarity
The Need for Equal Pay for Equal Work
Benefits of Getting a Good Night’s Sleep
Dangers of Substance Abuse
The Power of Exercise: How Regular Physical Activity Can Improve Your Physical and Mental Health
Benefits of Using Public Transportation
The Importance of Water Conservation
Self-Reflection and Introspection: The Path to Personal Growth
Learning a Musical Instrument is Beneficial
Sleep: The Importance of Getting Enough Rest for Your Health and Productivity
The Need for Better Gun Control Laws
Dangers of Texting While Driving
Setting Boundaries and Taking Care of Your Needs
Benefits of Reading for Pleasure
The Importance of Protecting Civil Liberties
Benefits of Spending Time in Nature
Nourish Your Body: The Benefits of a Healthy Diet
The Need for More Affordable Housing Options
Dangers of Cyberbullying
Supporting Small Businesses
Taking Breaks and Giving Yourself Permission to Relax
The Importance of Protecting Endangered Species
Benefits of Reducing Screen Time
The Need for Universal Healthcare Access
The Importance of Engaging in Things That Bring Fulfillment
The Benefits of Scheduling and Planning: How to Get More Done in Less Time
The Power of Time Management for Achieving Work-Life Balance
The Power of Saying No
Benefits of Delegating and Asking for Help
The Importance of Setting Priorities and Managing Time Effectively
Maximizing Productivity Through Time Management Strategies
The Benefits of Scheduling and Planning for Success
The Power of Setting and Achieving Goals
Benefits of Time Blocking and Focus Time
Importance of Being Organized and Streamlining Processes
Equal Education for All: The Importance of Providing Opportunities for Every Student
The Importance of Homework and Its Impact on Student Learning
The Benefits of a Later Start Time for High School Students
Benefits of a Dress Code or Uniform Policy in Schools
The Importance of Physical Education and Recess in Schools
Benefits of Offering a Wider Variety of Elective Courses in Schools
The Importance of Financial Literacy Education in Schools
The Benefits of Incorporating More Hands-On, Experiential Learning Opportunities in Schools
Importance of Mental Health Resources and Support in Schools
Benefits of Implementing Restorative Justice Practices in Schools
Importance of Providing Equal Educational Opportunities for All Students, Regardless of Their Socio-Economic Background.
Importance of Spending Quality Time With Family
Benefits of Regular Family Dinners
The Benefits of Family Vacations
Importance of Open and Honest Communication Within Families
The Benefits of Teaching Children About Financial Responsibility and Budgeting
The Benefits of Having a Strong Support System Within the Family
Importance of Setting Boundaries and Establishing Rules Within Families
The Benefits of Forgiveness and Reconciling Relationships Within Families
The Importance of Showing Gratitude and Appreciation Towards Family Members
Benefits of Implementing a “Digital Detox” and Disconnecting From Technology Within the Family
The Importance of Reading Food Labels and Understanding Ingredients
Dangers of Excessive Sugar Intake and Strategies for Reducing Sugar Consumption
Benefits of Home Cooking and Meal Planning
Environmental Impact of Food Waste and Strategies for Reducing Waste
The Benefits of Incorporating More Whole Grains, Fruits, and Vegetables Into Your Diet
Dangers of Fast Food and the Benefits of Eating More Home-Cooked Meals
The Benefits of Eating Locally-Grown, Seasonal Produce
Importance of Breakfast for Maintaining a Healthy Weight and Improving Cognitive Function
Dangers of Dieting and the Importance of Maintaining a Healthy Relationship With Food
The Importance of Being Punctual and the Consequences of Being Late
The Importance of Being Honest and the Consequences of Lying
Benefits of Volunteering and Giving Back to the Community
The Importance of Being Respectful Towards Others and the Consequences of Being Disrespectful
Benefits of Taking Responsibility for One’s Actions and the Dangers of Avoiding Responsibility
Importance of Being Prepared and the Consequences of Being Unprepared
Benefits of Being Organized and the Consequences of Being Disorganized
Importance of Maintaining a Healthy Work-Life Balance and the Consequences of Neglecting Personal Relationships
Importance of Communication in a Healthy Relationship
Benefits of Forgiveness in a Relationship
Dangers of Codependency and the Importance of Maintaining a Sense of Self in a Relationship
The Benefits of Setting Boundaries in a Relationship
The Importance of Trust in a Relationship and the Consequences of Betrayal
Benefits of Compromise in a Relationship
The Importance of Respecting Each Other’s Differences in a Relationship
Benefits of Regular Date Nights and Keeping the Romance Alive in a Long-Term Relationship
Importance of Maintaining a Healthy Romantic Life in a Relationship
Benefits of Seeking Therapy or Counseling to Improve a Struggling Relationship
Dangers of Smoking and the Need for Stricter Laws on Tobacco Advertising
Importance of Voting and Civic Engagement

Final Thoughts

Remember, when choosing a topic for a persuasive speech, it’s important to choose something that you are passionate about and that you can argue convincingly. You should also consider your audience and whether the topic will be of interest to them.

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Interesting Topics to Write a Speech On

Spanish Oral Presentation Topics

Writing a speech may sometimes seem challenging, especially if you are not comfortable giving speeches to others. However, if you have the option to choose your topic, you have plenty of interesting subjects available to suit your own hobbies and preferences. Topics can range from research to real-life events, depending on the class.

Real Life News

If you are interested in politics or are actively involved with current events or local news, this is a great platform for grabbing a speech topic and title to write about. Some political topics include pending legislative bills, the budget or employment growth. Research local and national news to write on upcoming local events, global weather news, or even financial updates depending on your own interests. Some global weather topics might include the increase in our sun's solar flares, the Gulf of Mexico oil disaster, or climate change. You can also write on conspiracies that interest you, current philosophy, or even celebrity news, depending on your teacher’s rules and guidelines.

Instructional Speech

Choose an activity or skill you are capable of completing to write an instructional speech. You can write on raising animals, completing a video game, creating a website, or even redecorating a room. Other instructional topics can range from building a craft to baking a cake or playing an instrument of your choice. In some cases, you may also be required to demonstrate your skill to the class while also giving the speech, so it is important to choose a skill or activity that is easy to demonstrate while speaking.

Hobbies and Interests

Write your speech on one of your favorite hobbies or interests. It's easier to express your opinions and thoughts on a subject about which you have extended knowledge. Some hobbies that you might be interested in writing about include fashion, cars and mechanics, technology, such as computers, Internet or texting, and music. You can also write your speech on other pop culture subjects, including movies, television shows or your product preferences in clothing, electronics or foods. Include in your speech details on why the hobby or interest has meaning to you, and why it is important in society.

Charities and Organizations

Give a speech on a local, national, or even international charity organization that you admire and believe in. Choose a charity that has a goal or mission statement that you support. You can feature and highlight events that the charity has supported near you to help your audience stay interested and intrigued with your speech and message. Ask questions to help others understand the organization afterward to spread the word of your favored organization even more.

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Persuasive Speech Outline, with Examples

March 17, 2021 - Gini Beqiri

A persuasive speech is a speech that is given with the intention of convincing the audience to believe or do something. This could be virtually anything – voting, organ donation, recycling, and so on.

A successful persuasive speech effectively convinces the audience to your point of view, providing you come across as trustworthy and knowledgeable about the topic you’re discussing.

So, how do you start convincing a group of strangers to share your opinion? And how do you connect with them enough to earn their trust?

Topics for your persuasive speech

We’ve made a list of persuasive speech topics you could use next time you’re asked to give one. The topics are thought-provoking and things which many people have an opinion on.

When using any of our persuasive speech ideas, make sure you have a solid knowledge about the topic you’re speaking about – and make sure you discuss counter arguments too.

Here are a few ideas to get you started:

All school children should wear a uniform
Facebook is making people more socially anxious
It should be illegal to drive over the age of 80
Lying isn’t always wrong
The case for organ donation

Read our full list of 75 persuasive speech topics and ideas .

Preparation: Consider your audience

As with any speech, preparation is crucial. Before you put pen to paper, think about what you want to achieve with your speech. This will help organise your thoughts as you realistically can only cover 2-4 main points before your audience get bored .

It’s also useful to think about who your audience are at this point. If they are unlikely to know much about your topic then you’ll need to factor in context of your topic when planning the structure and length of your speech. You should also consider their:

Cultural or religious backgrounds
Shared concerns, attitudes and problems
Shared interests, beliefs and hopes
Baseline attitude – are they hostile, neutral, or open to change?

The factors above will all determine the approach you take to writing your speech. For example, if your topic is about childhood obesity, you could begin with a story about your own children or a shared concern every parent has. This would suit an audience who are more likely to be parents than young professionals who have only just left college.

Remember the 3 main approaches to persuade others

There are three main approaches used to persuade others:

The ethos approach appeals to the audience’s ethics and morals, such as what is the ‘right thing’ to do for humanity, saving the environment, etc.

Pathos persuasion is when you appeal to the audience’s emotions, such as when you tell a story that makes them the main character in a difficult situation.

The logos approach to giving a persuasive speech is when you appeal to the audience’s logic – ie. your speech is essentially more driven by facts and logic. The benefit of this technique is that your point of view becomes virtually indisputable because you make the audience feel that only your view is the logical one.

Ethos, Pathos, Logos: 3 Pillars of Public Speaking and Persuasion

Ideas for your persuasive speech outline

1. structure of your persuasive speech.

The opening and closing of speech are the most important. Consider these carefully when thinking about your persuasive speech outline. A strong opening ensures you have the audience’s attention from the start and gives them a positive first impression of you.

You’ll want to start with a strong opening such as an attention grabbing statement, statistic of fact. These are usually dramatic or shocking, such as:

Sadly, in the next 18 minutes when I do our chat, four Americans that are alive will be dead from the food that they eat – Jamie Oliver

Another good way of starting a persuasive speech is to include your audience in the picture you’re trying to paint. By making them part of the story, you’re embedding an emotional connection between them and your speech.

You could do this in a more toned-down way by talking about something you know that your audience has in common with you. It’s also helpful at this point to include your credentials in a persuasive speech to gain your audience’s trust.

Speech structure and speech argument for a persuasive speech outline.

Obama would spend hours with his team working on the opening and closing statements of his speech.

2. Stating your argument

You should pick between 2 and 4 themes to discuss during your speech so that you have enough time to explain your viewpoint and convince your audience to the same way of thinking.

It’s important that each of your points transitions seamlessly into the next one so that your speech has a logical flow. Work on your connecting sentences between each of your themes so that your speech is easy to listen to.

Your argument should be backed up by objective research and not purely your subjective opinion. Use examples, analogies, and stories so that the audience can relate more easily to your topic, and therefore are more likely to be persuaded to your point of view.

3. Addressing counter-arguments

Any balanced theory or thought addresses and disputes counter-arguments made against it. By addressing these, you’ll strengthen your persuasive speech by refuting your audience’s objections and you’ll show that you are knowledgeable to other thoughts on the topic.

When describing an opposing point of view, don’t explain it in a bias way – explain it in the same way someone who holds that view would describe it. That way, you won’t irritate members of your audience who disagree with you and you’ll show that you’ve reached your point of view through reasoned judgement. Simply identify any counter-argument and pose explanations against them.

Complete Guide to Debating

4. Closing your speech

Your closing line of your speech is your last chance to convince your audience about what you’re saying. It’s also most likely to be the sentence they remember most about your entire speech so make sure it’s a good one!

The most effective persuasive speeches end with a call to action . For example, if you’ve been speaking about organ donation, your call to action might be asking the audience to register as donors.

Practice answering AI questions on your speech and get feedback on your performance .

If audience members ask you questions, make sure you listen carefully and respectfully to the full question. Don’t interject in the middle of a question or become defensive.

You should show that you have carefully considered their viewpoint and refute it in an objective way (if you have opposing opinions). Ensure you remain patient, friendly and polite at all times.

Example 1: Persuasive speech outline

This example is from the Kentucky Community and Technical College.

Specific purpose

To persuade my audience to start walking in order to improve their health.

Central idea

Regular walking can improve both your mental and physical health.

Introduction

Let’s be honest, we lead an easy life: automatic dishwashers, riding lawnmowers, T.V. remote controls, automatic garage door openers, power screwdrivers, bread machines, electric pencil sharpeners, etc., etc. etc. We live in a time-saving, energy-saving, convenient society. It’s a wonderful life. Or is it?

Example 2: Persuasive speech

Tips for delivering your persuasive speech

Practice, practice, and practice some more . Record yourself speaking and listen for any nervous habits you have such as a nervous laugh, excessive use of filler words, or speaking too quickly.
Show confident body language . Stand with your legs hip width apart with your shoulders centrally aligned. Ground your feet to the floor and place your hands beside your body so that hand gestures come freely. Your audience won’t be convinced about your argument if you don’t sound confident in it. Find out more about confident body language here .
Don’t memorise your speech word-for-word or read off a script. If you memorise your persuasive speech, you’ll sound less authentic and panic if you lose your place. Similarly, if you read off a script you won’t sound genuine and you won’t be able to connect with the audience by making eye contact . In turn, you’ll come across as less trustworthy and knowledgeable. You could simply remember your key points instead, or learn your opening and closing sentences.
Remember to use facial expressions when storytelling – they make you more relatable. By sharing a personal story you’ll more likely be speaking your truth which will help you build a connection with the audience too. Facial expressions help bring your story to life and transport the audience into your situation.
Keep your speech as concise as possible . When practicing the delivery, see if you can edit it to have the same meaning but in a more succinct way. This will keep the audience engaged.

The best persuasive speech ideas are those that spark a level of controversy. However, a public speech is not the time to express an opinion that is considered outside the norm. If in doubt, play it safe and stick to topics that divide opinions about 50-50.

Bear in mind who your audience are and plan your persuasive speech outline accordingly, with researched evidence to support your argument. It’s important to consider counter-arguments to show that you are knowledgeable about the topic as a whole and not bias towards your own line of thought.

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82+ Persuasive Speech Topics to Hook Your Audience

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Persuasive speech is a type of speech where you, as a speaker, have an important job of convincing your audience that your position on the matter is the right one. The success of your speech depends on many factors, from the structure of the text to the topic of the persuasive speech. However, the content of the speech is still the most important factor that can either make or break the whole thing.

One of the most effective ways to write a good persuasive speech is to pick a topic that is somewhat controversial and that everyone has an opinion about. Your job is to spark a lively discussion, and it’s impossible to do so if you are just going to argue for a known factor something that everyone can agree upon. That is why the topic “We should never let children play with guns” will never work, while “We should control gun sales more” can be successfully discussed in a persuasive speech format.

What are Good Persuasive Speech Topics?

Experienced persuasive speechwriters say that a well-chosen topic accounts for half of the success of the speech. There are many aspects of choosing the right topic for your speech, but two of them are particularly important. One, the topic should match your own interests, so that you are passionate about defending the statement. Two, the topic needs to be appropriate for your audience, so that it could respond to your speech the way you want them to.

If you are struggling with finding the perfect topic for your persuasive speech, we have prepared 82 topics from 8 categories — you will effortlessly find the right one from our list!

Fun Persuasive Speech Topics

Skinny jeans are not a good look.
Boys like to gossip as much as girls do.
It’s okay to lie if you’re good at it.
Never believe a woman who says she’ll be ready in 5 minutes.
Interrupting people is alright if you have something important to say.
Be happy just to spite other people.
We should stop saying a baby is 24 months old and start saying she’s 2 years old.
Vegetarians don’t really love animals.
Too many women believe their faces are coloring books.
We should use horoscopes as an excuse for everything.
You can never be too busy for hanging out with your friends.

Persuasive Speech Topics For College Students

Reality shows are just an exploitation of vain people.
We should put more effort into educating prisoners.
Your smartphone is the only device you need.
Poverty rates can be lowered within years.
Student debt is outrageous and we should do something about it.
Long-distance relationships are always doomed.
Community colleges are a viable alternative to regular colleges.
Everyone can be a successful writer.
Keeping a journal is great for your mental health.
High school graduates shouldn’t be pushed into higher education.

Simple Persuasive Speech Topics

Bullying is a reason for expelling a student.
Children growing up in two-parent households are mentally healthier.
Children are negatively affected by violent video games.
Dogs are really a man’s best friend.
Celebrities shouldn’t be given lighter punishments for their crimes.
Healthy foods must be made more affordable than fast food.
People should accept aging gracefully.
Paparazzi can qualify as stalkers and should be prosecuted.
Mac OS is superior to Windows.
The genetic design of babies is wrong and needs to be banned.

Good Persuasive Speech Topics

Texting and driving are growing threats.
The government needs to encourage recycling more actively.
Not all fairy tales are good for children.
Designer clothes are overpriced and pointless.
We don’t need penny coins anymore.
Unsold food should be donated, not thrown out.
Reusable diapers are better than disposable diapers.
Cooking is one of the most vital life skills.
The homeless should not be paid.
Wearing a seatbelt is the best way to survive when driving.
Teens should contribute financially to the household.

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Advocacy Speech Topics

The fast food industry is to blame for obesity.
We should abolish the death penalty.
Motherhood is a full-time job.
The government isn’t doing enough to stop street gangs.
All couples should try living together before marriage.
Outsourcing is great for a company’s economy.
It’s okay for teachers to communicate with students on social media.
Spanking is physical abuse and should be banned.
Each vote matters in the elections.

Unique Persuasive Speech Topic

People over 50 should not be allowed to adopt children.
All countries need to introduce closed borders.
Racism is far from disappearing from our society.
Bottled water is too expensive and has no real benefits.
Prisons don’t change people for the better.
Coconut oil isn’t as healthy as we thought.
Moms with twins should get twice as much maternal leave.
The UN should be given more power.
Urban life leads to early death.
Fake tan is bad for your health.

Policy Persuasive Speech Topics

Nepotism is a real problem in the government.
Music should never be censored.
Every gun purchase needs to be registered.
We need to reduce the defense budget.
Gambling at sporting events should be prohibited.
Immigration policies need to become stronger.
The minimum age for buying tobacco should be increased.
Children who committed murders should be treated as adults.
We should introduce more taxes for the 1%.
Retired people should not be allowed to work.

Call to Action Persuasive Speech Topics

Stop giving smartphones to children under 15.
Lower the price of education.
Ban alcohol on planes.
Allow children to pick a parent to live with after the divorce.
Continue decriminalizing marijuana use
Make birth control free and universally available.
Start buying local produce to save local farmers.
Introduce new immigration laws – the old ones don’t work.
Prohibit parents from monitoring their children’s phones.
Stop keeping exotic animals as pets.

How do you Write a Good Persuasive Speech?

good persuasive speech topics for college students

Ready to write your winning persuasive speech? These 5 tips will help:

Let your writing flow. The best persuasive speeches follow the structure and flow of a person’s own speech. Don’t pick sentences that are too long or words that are too complicated. Your job is to get the point across, not impress everyone with your vocabulary.
Research your topic back and forth. As a persuasive speaker, you need to be 100% informed about your topic. You don’t want an audience member to correct you on the facts or catch you on inconsistencies!
Consider the objections your audience may have and how you can rebuff these objections. Even if your listeners won’t voice their objections, you need to make sure that you have successfully rebuffed any possible opposing argument.
Be a storyteller. Your audience doesn’t want to hear pure facts; they need a cohesive story that they can relate to. An occasional joke, a real-life anecdote, or an unexpected question to the listeners are all great ways to keep your speech interesting.
Finish your speech with a bang. A great conclusion is something your audience will remember for a long time and possibly even cite to their friends. Plus, a strong conclusion increases the chances of the audience agreeing with your points.

80 Presentation Topics and Ideas That Will Appeal to Any Audience

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30+ attention-grabbing persuasive speech topics to get your audience hooked.

Are you curious to know about the topics of your persuasive speech?

It’s quite an easy task if you have some basic idea about topic selection.

So, always pick out a topic that is aligned with your interest to communicate your thoughts essay writing service .

Many of the students do not have an adequate understanding of the topic selection. There are no hard and fast criteria to learn about such tactics. All you need is to take help from Write My Essay for Me to learn the essentials of topic selection. This online service will provide free guidance to compose high-quality persuasive speech.

Hence, don’t wait for an impeccable moment, just take a flash and make it impeccable. Things are easy if we manage them in an appropriate manner.

Stay Calm and incorporate amazing topics to express your views on certain things. Here is a list of more than 30 amazing Persuasive Speech Topics to help you in choosing the theme for your speech that would have a strong impression on your target audience. Definitely, it will reduce pressure on your nerves.

Speech Ideas

Should the system of class ranking be eliminated in schools?
Should students be given music classes in school?
Do safari parks assist or harm wildlife?
It is not possible to buy happiness from money
Never accept follow the request of your parents on Instagram
Use sanitizers to stop the spread of the virus
Which is more effective whether music learning or PE learning?
Is it significant to offer spring vacations to students?
Is virtual learning more significant to achieve academic success?
What are the impacts of playing candy crush on learning students?
Is it important to engage children in outdoor activities?
Should public places be banned on working days?
Is it important to make recycling mandatory to mitigate greenhouse effects?
Should social media be banned for students to excel in their academic careers?
Is it really substantial for developing countries to receive foreign aid?
Should financial understanding and risk courses be taught to students in high college essay writing service ?
What is the most crucial method for measuring the intelligence level of a student?
Does the one-child policy of China have favorable or adverse effects on the territory?
Is state security more essential than discrete privacy?
How does the low morale of employees affect the productivity of a business?
Is there authentic proof of Martian existence?
How does the excessive use of social media promote depression and suicide attempts?
Is it technology that breeds laziness?
Is it effective to remove tipping in restaurants and increase the wages of staff instead?
Is unemployment considered a major barrier to hinder the economic growth of the country?.Should public universities offer completely free education to financially handicapped students?
Should foreign language be offered to students in primary classes rather than sign free essay writing service ?
How to control cheating during class tests and final exams in school?
Is workout being a suitable tactic to overcome obesity?

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333 Informative Speech Topics To Rock Your Presentation

A powerful presentation covers a compelling topic that sparks your interest and hooks the audience. Use this master list to find your next great speech idea.

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You have been assigned a speech, presentation, or essay, but you have no clue what to talk about. A powerful presentation begins with a compelling topic that sparks your interest and hooks the audience. But you also need to discuss something you feel excited to research and discuss.

This guide contains 333 informative speech topics for your next presentation, plus pro tips for delivering the best presentation possible.

What Is An Informative Speech?

Informative speeches aim to teach or instruct the audience about a topic. They include objective information and fact-based research but can incorporate a unique perspective, compelling storytelling , or a powerful take-home message. Unlike a celebratory wedding toast or an inaugural speech , informative speeches are written specifically to educate.

The six key types of informative speeches are:

Definition speeches : This speech aims to explain a concept or theory. For example, a speech topic starting with “What is…?” is usually a definition-type informative speech.
Explanatory speeches : These speeches explain how something works. For example, an explanatory speech could explain how your brain processes information or how an electric car works.
Demonstrative speeches : These classic “how-to’s” show the audience how to perform a task and often include a visual presentation. For example, students could teach their classmates how to be more productive or cook a healthy meal.
Comparative speeches : When a speaker compares or contrasts two alternative things, they help the audience understand the similarities or differences between two topics. For example, a comparative speech may weigh the pros and cons of private versus public schools.
Descriptive speeches : This informative speech describes a person, place, or thing and explains why the subject is essential. For example, a student may teach their classmates about a historical figure, or an entrepreneur may give a descriptive speech about the specifics of their product idea.
Persuasive informative speeches : Although persuasive speeches are often categorized separately, some informative speeches can cross over into persuasion by using evidence to convince the audience why a particular method or perspective is better than its alternatives. For example, a salesperson may give a presentation to convince clients to buy their services, or a mental health advocate may give a speech to persuade people to do yoga more regularly.

How To Pick An Informative Speech Topic: The Five W’s

Whether you want to give a top-notch school speech assignment or a groundbreaking TED Talk , the best informative speeches have one thing in common: they deliver a purposeful message with a captivating delivery. You must understand the basic who, what, when, where, and why to pick the perfect topic.

Who: Before you start looking for topics, you should know who your audience is. A college speech class is a far different audience than a room of conference attendees. Consider what your audience is interested in, why they should care about your speech and their level of knowledge about the topic. If you talk about something too basic, they may be bored, but if you discuss something too technical, they may have difficulty understanding your speech.
What: Consider your passions and existing knowledge about a subject. The “what” of your speech is the meat of the presentation. Imagine a three-circle Venn diagram. The three circles are labeled: “things I am interested in,” “things my audience cares about,” and “things I can research.” The center point where these three circles overlap is the sweet spot for your speech topic.
When (Length): The length of your speech can drastically impact how in-depth you dive into the topic. A five-minute speech should cover a niche topic or a high-level concept. A thirty-minute to an hour-long presentation can teach about a more detailed topic.
Where: If you’re giving a speech in a meeting room at an office, your performance will likely be very different from speaking on stage in a large auditorium. Consider where you will be speaking and what kind of technology (projector, large screen, whiteboard, etc.) you will have available. The geographic location of your speech can also determine your selection of a local or regional topic relevant to the community.
Why: Most importantly, you should know the purpose of your speech. If your goal is to get a good grade, it may help you pay more attention to following the teacher’s rubric. If your goal is to convince the audience to make a lifestyle change or donate to an important cause, you should structure your speech with the core “why” in mind.

The best speeches combine a simple message with charismatic delivery, an easily digestible structure, and something the audience can relate to. The essence of a great speech is that it arouses something in the audience, such as the motivation to take action or to see things in a new way.

List of Informative Speech Topics: 333 Ideas to Spark Your Creativity

In an informative speech, it is essential to have plenty of evidence or data to support your claims. But even the most well-researched presentation can feel hollow without the passion for delivering it authentically.

As you explore ideas for your speech, you should naturally gravitate toward intriguing and exciting topics. Giving a speech about something you think your teacher or colleagues will like (rather than what you’re truly interested in) could ultimately be inauthentic or boring. Take note of what makes your heart beat a little faster and follow that curiosity .

Easy Informative Speech Topics

If you’re in a pinch, choose a speech topic that doesn’t require extensive explanations to get the point across. It may be a good idea to avoid anything controversial or technical. Instead, choose a straightforward demonstrative or descriptive topic with a wide range of online information.

How to improve your communication skills
The most memorable speeches in history
Why you should buy an electric car
The most popular cars of the year
How to read body language
Top habits of successful people
The most famous actors in history
The benefits of time in nature
Lesser known presidents
Most popular breeds of dogs
The worst natural disasters in the world
How to eat healthier
Harmful impacts of technology
How to survive without electricity
The richest people in the world
The top companies in the world
Child geniuses and prodigies
How does sugar influence the body?
The history of Disneyland
How to break bad habits
Top beauty products for younger skin
How to do your homework faster
How to be more productive
High school students should do these 5 things before graduating
Why high school students should take a gap year before college
The best healthy snacks
Why you should go vegan
How to be more confident
How to start a business
Fashion through the decades

Pro Tip : Start your speech with an attention-grabbing hook that draws the audience in to listen. Try not to start by mentioning a technical difficulty (“Is this microphone working?”) or saying a lackluster nicety (“Thanks for having me.”).

Instead, try starting with:

A story: “I’m here for a reason. And It’s an interesting story….”
A big idea: “The single most important thing I want to share with you today is….”
A quirky one-liner or interesting fact: “You might have always thought….”

Here is a guide on How to Start a Speech: Best and Worst Speech Openers .

You can also watch our video to learn the best (and worst) speech openers:

Informative Speech Topics for College

If public speaking isn’t scary enough, college speech classes can be brutal. You want to impress your professor without thoroughly embarrassing yourself in front of your peers. These topics are scholarly without being boring.

How you can reduce your carbon footprint
Different forms of learning
The truth about microplastics and possible alternatives
How to ace a college test
Why schools shouldn’t give homework
America’s fastest-growing cities
The differences between female and male communication
The best marketing tactics
The importance of education for a country’s economy
Ethical questions of artificial intelligence
Unique ways to stop global climate change
How to live to be 100
Benefits of E-learning
History of education in America
How to eradicate poverty
The real picture of foster care in America
How to decide on a college major
Pros and cons of the current education system
Economics of urban versus rural development
The history of agriculture
How ancient Egyptians built the pyramids
How to prevent the top 5 leading causes of death in America
Understanding industrial hemp
Pros and cons of remote work
How college students can become millionaires by age 50 with monthly investing
How to start an organic garden
Private vs. public school
The importance of discipline
The most useful websites for college students
Where does public university funding come from

Fun Informative Speech Topics

Most people don’t realize that playful topics like video games and reality TV can still be informative. These less serious subjects have the potential to become great speeches that invoke laughter, excitement, or new perspectives.

Can procrastination be good for you?
Myth or reality? We only use 10% of our brains
The funniest commercials of all time
Bizzare sports you didn’t know existed
How snake venom attacks the body
What will humans look like in the future?
Weirdest medical facts
The strangest phobias
Secrets to a great relationship
The fastest cars in the world
What causes hiccups
Evidence of life on Mars
The world history of tattoos
Why college students love fast food
The evolution of video games
How cryptocurrency can change finance
Where do stereotypes come from?
The most bizarre conspiracy theories
The most influential musicians of our time
Top craziest amusement park rides in the world
The most fun things to do when you’re bored
History of tattoo art
The seven wonders of the world
How to survive an annoying roommate
The truth about reality shows
How to create a bucket list
The secrets behind the best TV shows
Weirdest foods taste surprisingly delicious
How to talk to people you don’t like

Interesting Informative Speech Topics

The most viral TED Talks combine a compelling or unique idea with exceptional nonverbal delivery. These interesting topics are sure to get your audience thinking.

The neuroscience of attraction
Mind-blowing facts about volcanoes
The psychology of selling things
Why you should turn your lawn into a garden
Proof that aliens are real/fake
How to start a business for under $100
The history of America from a minority perspective
How technology affects our brains
What would happen to the economy if everyone grew their own food?
The science and ethics of genetic modification
How the electric car originated
Elon Musk’s rise to success
What is neuro-linguistic programming (NLP)?
How deaf people talk with emotion
Why smiles are contagious

Informative Speech Topics About Science

From biology to chemistry to genetics, science encompasses many subjects. Where modern technology meets cutting-edge discoveries, these topics are for inquisitive researchers who want to dig into the data.

How your brain works
History of space exploration
How solar panels work
The evolution of plants
Fascinating origins of plant medicines
How DNA evidence is used
How galaxies are formed
How science is influenced by corporations
Why dinosaurs really went extinct
The oldest fossils ever found
How does the human brain work?
The effects of music on the brain
The life of Albert Einstein
How earthquakes can be predicted
The craziest scientists in history
What is CRISPR?
Potential cures for cancer
What is epigenetics?

Pro Tip : Google Scholar and PubMed are two excellent resources for peer-reviewed scientific literature. Accredited institutions conduct these studies and have undergone the rigor of the scientific method. They even include easy copy-and-paste citations if you need to turn in a bibliography with your speech.

Informative Speech Topics about Animals

From cuddly pets to the alien-like mystery creatures of the deep ocean, animals are universally fascinating.

How to train a dog
The most dangerous animals in the ocean
How elephants use plants to medicate themselves
The science behind the fastest animals in the world
Can depression be treated with emotional support animals?
Comparing reptiles versus mammals
The strongest animal in the world
Top 10 strangest animals on Earth
Comparing human and primate brains
Animals that have their own languages
Ethical questions with animal testing
What causes animals to become extinct?
How to adopt a cat
Pros and cons of the pet adoption system
Is it kind to keep a monkey as a pet?

Informative Speech Topics Sports

Fitness, sports medicine, and professional sports teams are just scraping the surface regarding this subject. You can talk about the inspiring life of your favorite player or game history. The speech topics are perfect for anyone who loves to sweat and cheer.

How sports teach kids discipline
The importance of physical activity for stress relief
Why companies should promote workplace fitness programs
Top-paying careers in sports
How people with disabilities can still play sports
Football culture in the American south
The importance of sports for children’s socialization
The role of sports and masculinity in young boys
Gambling problems in sports
What makes a great sports coach?
The best football players of all time
How yoga can complement workouts
How to prevent sports injuries
The best physical therapy for college athletes
The life of Michael Jordan
Game-changing athletes in history
Lebron James’ secret to success
How Jackie Robinson transformed baseball
The best nutrition for athletes, based on science
Top vegan athletes in the world
Why cheerleading is/isn’t a real sport
Controversial moments in the Olympics
Modern controversies about transgender athletes
The most extreme sports in the world
How hockey changed my life
Pros and cons of CrossFit
Why swimming is one of the healthiest workouts
How adult hobby sports can improve socialization
Daily exercise improves mental health
The best at-home workouts
Top marketing strategies used by the Super Bowl
How the Olympics promotes international peace
Should pro athletes have salary caps?
How college athletes go pro
Top female athletes in the world
Interesting sports from around the world
Why height is not the most important factor in basketball
Why soccer is the most popular international sport
Why women’s soccer gets less media coverage than men’s
The best solo sports for introverts
How handicapped people can still play sports
The most inspirational handicapped athletes

Bonus Tip: Level Up Your Speech With Stage Presence

Did you know that public speaking is actually a skill? Many people struggle with stage anxiety because they feel they ‘missed the memo’ on public speaking or they are lacking because they do not have a natural stage presence. Not true!

Stage presence and public speaking are skills you need to be taught—very few people have them naturally.

Watch our video to learn 7 steps to overcome stage fright and beat performance anxiety:

Here are all the aspects of public speaking you can master.

How to make a first impression with an audience
How to have stage presence
Powerful body language
How to speak with a commanding voice
What to do with your hands while speaking

For every speaking skill you add to your toolbox, the less speaking anxiety you will feel.

If you want help really diving into your presentation skills, be sure to sign-up for our course…

Master Your People Skills

Create a Memorable Presence
Communicate with Confidence
Achieve Your Goals

Have a question about the presentation or People School? Email Science of People support .

Cultural Informative Speech Topics

Learning about different cultures can drastically expand your viewpoint of the world. These speech ideas cover everything from language to ancient history to pop culture.

How to learn about local culture while traveling
The importance of workplace culture
How to build a positive corporate culture
How social media connects and promotes culture
The oldest cultures in the world
Modern versus traditional gender roles
How women have transformed corporate leadership
The dangers of hustle culture
How social media culture impacts self-esteem
How to learn from watching movies
The rise of podcasts and their role in modern culture
The role of social media in business
How immigrants maintain cultural traditions in their new countries
Ancient archeological artifacts you’ve never heard of
Native American spiritual traditions
Holy herbs and plants across global cultures
How to make an African tribal basket
The portrayal of black culture in the media
Culture of Scandinavia
Burial rituals in ancient Mesopotamia
History and meaning of the Om symbol
The history of Buddhism
How to show respect in Japanese culture
The cultural history of African Americans
Chinese traditional foods
Top 10 foreign dishes you have to try before you die
The most important spiritual symbols in the world
Generational differences in Mexican culture
The symbolism of marigolds in Mexican traditions
What is Dia De Los Muertos?

Want to radically improve your presentation skills? Watch our video for 10 presentation ideas:

Informative Speech Topics About History

They say, “history repeats itself.” Consider giving a unique or lesser-known perspective about historical events for a thought-provoking speech. Use museum artifacts and first-hand accounts to guide your points.

The Civil Rights Movement
The oldest civilizations in the world
Nelson Mandela’s historical impact
The truth about colonization and Thanksgiving
How the Industrial Revolution impacted the environment
The real story of the Titanic
The craziest criminals in history
What caused the Great Depression?
What schools get wrong about black history
Religion during the age of the Aztecs
Archeological evidence of aliens
Ancient history of dogs and wolves
What caused the Salem witch trials?
The American Revolution
The role of Christianity in slavery
Human rights violations throughout history
How life changed for Native Americans after colonization
The role of urbanization on the changing American landscape
The cowboy era: myths and truths
The American Constitution
The most influential people in world history
Forming of the United Nations
What caused World War I?
Financial panics and recessions throughout history
The Prohibition era
What led to consumerism in society?
The Vietnam War
The California Gold Rush
The true story of Pocahontas
Little-known facts about Mexican history

Informative Speech Topics About Music

Music is the soundtrack to our lives. Beyond mere entertainment, its impact dives into the roots of culture, identity, and brain function. Here are some exciting ways to incorporate your love of music into an informative speech.

How music can help mental health
Why you should learn an instrument
How listening to music improves your productivity
Genres of music
Links between classical music and IQ
Why do people bond over music
Rarest instruments in the world
The easiest instruments to play
Best country musicians of all time
How hip hop music has shaped culture in America
Evolution of rap and hip hop
The origins of rock n’ roll in southern blues music
The history of opera
The best electronic dance music
The impact of reggae music
How punk rock got its start
How folk music shaped Appalachia
Country music hall of fame
Must-see musical landmarks around the world
Importance of gospel music
The ethics of sampling other artist’s music
How music shapes subculture
Has social media made record companies obsolete?
The importance of musical education in public schools
Music as a form of protest
How sad music helps you overcome heartbreaks
Why music shapes generations
How dancing can change your mindset
From the phonograph to iPhone: History of music machines

Health Informative Speech Topics

The ever-changing landscape of health offers a wealth of resources. Leave an impact on your audience by inspiring them to improve their eating habits or approach healthy living in a new way. Be sure to find the right sources for these speeches to make sure you are citing correct health science.

How to extend your lifespan
Links between diet and mental illnesses
How to cook healthy food on a budget
Why a daily walk outside can transform your health
History of herbal medicine
Let food be thy medicine: From Hippocrates to modern day food pyramid
Why you should do yoga for 15 minutes a day
Benefits and drawbacks of a vegetarian diet
The healthiest fruits in the world
What is really in processed food?
Is weight lifting or cardio better for burning fat?
How agriculture affects our health
The gut microbiome
The dangers of pesticides in our food system
How soil health impacts human health
Who controls the food system?
The science behind keto diets
The dangers of low-fat diets
Top 5 best foods for brain function
The daily habits of the healthiest people in the world
Differences in definitions of health
European versus American food ingredients
The role of fats in brain function
How to fix a headache
The benefits of magnesium
The best supplements, according to science
The main signs of a stroke
The chronic disease epidemic in America
How to lose weight the healthy way
Why you should avoid eating seed oils
Why you should stop eating gluten
How to prevent arthritis
The real causes of diabetes
Is meat actually bad for you? Pros and cons
How to stop the mental health epidemic
How dental health impacts your digestion
Amazing benefits of black seed oil
The Harvard Longevity Project: Why happy people live longer
Ancient health remedies from around the world
Why you should eat fermented foods
Causes of cancer and how to prevent it
Why people should donate their organs
Effects of radiation
The healthiest cultures in the world
Why obesity is a modern problem
How to have stronger bones
Healthcare access for minorities
Why fast food restaurants are addictive
Pros and cons of salt
How to overcome stress
The dangers of e-cigarettes
People need to drink more water
The insurance and healthcare system in America
How friendships improve your health
Why couples should exercise together
Benefits of dark chocolate
Dangerous food additives you’ve never heard of
Easy ways to improve your nutrition
How to reverse hair loss
Secrets to have healthy hair
Benefits and drawbacks of stem cell research
Why you should stop drinking soda
How to reduce asthma attacks
Health benefits of ginger
Why you should drink tea

Key Takeaways: Find Inspiration for a Speech

Any informative topic can be used to craft a speech, but a showstopping presentation requires thinking outside the box and approaching your speech from a unique point of view. Before you settle on a topic for your next speech, be sure that your speech idea is:

Authentically interesting : Discussing something that doesn’t spark your interest is no use. Choose a topic or idea that you actually care about for an authentic and passionate delivery.
Relevant to your audience : If you don’t know your audience, you might as well be speaking to a wall. Professional presenters understand the general knowledge level of their audience and what information will be valuable or interesting to them.
Easy to research : Obscure topics can be alluring and challenging to research. Choose a topic that has plenty of information available in books or online. Be sure to use reputable sources and cite them when necessary.
The proper length : The depth and detail of your speech ultimately depend on the length of time you have to talk. Pick a subject that you can thoroughly describe in the allotted time frame.

Once you narrow down a few of your favorite topic ideas, start brainstorming how you want your speech to impact the audience. Use these 10 Presentation Ideas That Will Radically Improve Your Presentation Skills , such as:

Why you should save the best for first and last
How to design epic presentation slides
Why you shouldn’t over-rehearse
How to own the stage

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257 Speech Essay Topics

🏆 best speech essay topics, 💡 simple speech essay titles, 👍 good speech research topics & essay examples, 🌟 great topics for speech to write about, 📌 easy speech essay topics, 🎓 most interesting research speech topics, ✍️ speech essay topics for college.

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A Persuasive Speech: The Importance of Eating Healthy Healthy eating allows people to maintain an average weight and have a beautiful figure, eradicate diseases and the risk of their occurrence.
Susan B. Anthony’s Speech Analysis: Rhetorical Devices, Purpose, & More The speech by Susan B. Anthony, given after her arrest for casting a vote in the presidential election, is a notable example of American oratory.
Serial Killers: Speech Analysis The act of murdering other people is a common thing in our society. To kill one person is already a horrifying deed, to kill more than that is a crime against all humanity.
Freedom of Speech: Right and Responsibility The freedom of speech grants people the essential right to speak their mind, but it also means that they are responsible for their words.
The Speech “Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence” by Martin Luther King, Jr: Rhetorical Analysis In order to convince his audience that the civil rights movement in the U.S. should oppose the Vietnam War, Martin Luther King, Jr. appealed to their ethos, pathos, and logos.
I Have a Dream Speech: Rhetorical Analysis Martin Luther King’s speech “I have a Dream” is recognized as one of the best speeches of the XX century due to its vivid imagery, persuasiveness, and clear structure.
“Severn Cullis-Suzuki at Rio Summit” Speech Analysis The primary part of the “Severn Cullis-Suzuki at Rio Summit” speech highlights the seriousness of the situation and reminds us about the prospects of a bleak future for children.
Grammy Award for Best Artist: Speech Preparation This document provides an example of a speech given prior to the presentation of the award to the honorable Grammy winner in the industry.
Pathos, Ethos, and Logos in Steve Job’s Speech Steve Jobs begins his 2005 speech at Stanford University with a rather emotional but short greeting. Jobs, at that time, was already a famous person.
A More Perfect Union Speech Analysis – Barack Obama’s Speech To write about Barack Obama’s A More Perfect Union speech analysis, examine its rhetorical strategies. ♥ We can help! ? See this Obama’s speech analysis essay.
A Good Conclusion in King’s “I Have A Dream” Speech Concluding thoughts are essential, as they are the final impression a reader receives from a speech or a piece of written communication.
Barack Obama Inauguration Speech 2009: Analysis Barack Obama gave his inaugural speech after taking the oath of office. He did this while standing in front of a building which was built by black slaves during the period of slavery.
Teen Pregnancy Persuasive Speech Plan This paper tries to persuade the Communications 111 class that teenage pregnancy is still rampant among teens in the US and has unprecedented effects on the teens.
Sojourner Truth’s “Ain’t I a Woman” Speech Analysis This paper provides an analysis of Sojourner Truth’s speech “Ain’t I a Woman,” focusing on the literary devices she employs to amplify the significance of her message.
Steve Jobs’ Commencement Speech at Stanford University From 2005 Jobs’ speech at the 2005 graduation is still relevant today because it raises fundamental questions. The author wants to show every student that life can be difficult.
Metaphors in King’s “I Have a Dream” Speech This paper examines the extensive use of metaphors in Martin Luther King’s speech, “I Have a Dream”, and how metaphors serve as powerful literary devices in political speeches.
Speech of Emma Watson: Gender Equality The paper discusses the process of Emma Watson makes the first speech called United Nations Address on Gender Equality, focusing on gender equality.
Negative Bullying Outcomes: A Persuasive Speech Bullying has adverse effects on both victims and perpetrators. Bullying should be prevented, or should it occur, reported, and taken care of as soon as possible.
Al Gore’s Speech on Global Warming Using two essential constituents of a subtle rhetoric analysis for speech or text, the paper scrutinizes Al Gore’s speech on global warming.
Malala Yousafzai’s Speech on Education The purpose of Malala Yousafzai’s speech was to unite and help society ensure that education becomes a right for every child.
Analysis of Othello Speech With Brabantio The analysis focuses on Othello’s speech from the writing’s Act 1, Scene 3 where context is based on Brabantio accusing Othello about the latter stealing the former’s daughter.
Rhetorical Analysis: “I Have a Dream” Speech It can be stated without a doubt that Martin Luther King’s speech “I Have a Dream” is among the most memorable and outstanding speeches up to date.
Private Speech in Psychology Private speech is the act of communicating with oneself for the purposes of self-guidance and self-regulation.
Steve Job’s Speech at Stanford: Rhetorical Analysis Steve Jobs’ 2005 Stanford university commencement address illustrates how rhetorical components should be utilized while giving a discourse.
Taming of the Shrew: Katherina’s Final Speech Katherine’s final speech in Act 5, scene 2 of Taming of the Shrew, is quite surprising and contradictory to her character.
Special Features of the Oprah Winfrey’s Speech During Harvard Commencement This paper examines the features of Oprah Winfrey’s speech during Harvard Commencement in 2013, as she was able to attract the listeners’ attention and transmit her message.
Student’s Rights: Freedom of Speech Institutional laws depend on the guidelines of student’s constitution while state laws outline individual’s different forms of freedoms.
Jules Ferry’s Speech on French Colonial Expansion Jules Ferry, a politician of the early Third Republic, is famous for his strategy of secular education and the fruitful extension of France as a colonial empire.
Parts of Speech Misused in English Sentences Every word in the English language belongs to a certain grammatical category. Every part of speech has a lot of subcategories, which determine the use of certain words.
Speech: On the Importance of Blood Donation This article is a detailed outline of a compelling speech about the benefits and critical importance of regular blood donation.
Communication Analysis of Lady Gaga’s Acceptance Speech Lady Gaga won a Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance and gave her acceptance speech in 2019. She thanked the Grammy organizers and audience for the award.
Tecumseh’s Historical Speech and Sherman Alexie’s Poems: Comparative Analysis While Tecumseh’s historical speech is filled with pride and even cruelty, Alexie’s poems are perceived more difficult and less obvious.
Persuasive Speech: Chat Rooms Are Unsafe for Underage Users Online chat rooms on various platforms require regulation in order to create a safer environment for underage users.
Speech Defending the Construction of Bicycle Lanes The purpose of my appeal to the city authorities and the local community is to build bicycle lanes and to create new bicycle routes.
Martin Luther King Jr.’s ”I Have a Dream” and Old Major’s in ”Animal Farm” Martin Luther King Jr.’s famous speech, “I Have a Dream,” and Old Major’s speech from Animal Farm has the same message of wanting equality, though in different ways.
Speech and Open Letters: Genre Analysis The most interesting and inspiring genre is speech and open letters because they are not only practical but can also be transformative.
Freedom of Speech and Censorship One of the most critical aspects of fighting against cybercrime involves a proper balance between the preservation of people’s right to free speech and censorship.
Mia Mottley’s Speech at the Opening of the #COP26 World Leaders Summit Mia Mottley’s speech is powerful as she warns nations of the impending catastrophe for all countries if the COP26 summit doesn’t elicit a plan to deal with climate change.
Electric Cars and Their Future: Informative Speech Choosing electric cars will reduce the level of gas emissions in the air and provide opportunities for recycling and usage of renewable sources of energy instead of gasoline.
The “Ain’t I a Woman?” Speech by Truth: Rhetorical Analysis “Ain’t I a Woman?” is a seminal speech by Sojourner Truth at the Women’s Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio. Truth uses numerous rhetorical devices to appeal to her audience.
Pros and Cons of Free Speech Regulations on Social Media Freedom of mass information is considered the central principle in any democratic state which necessary for political pluralism and cultural diversity.
Effective Speech Delivery Tips How do we make our speech effective? Why do we sometimes remain misunderstood despite our efforts? What prevents us from being heard?
Rhetorical Analysis of Steve Jobs Commencement Speech In his commencement speech presented to the Stanford graduates of 2005, Steve Jobs provided the audience with parallels regarding the college setting and his education and career path.
King’s “I Have a Dream” Speech Analysis I Have a Dream is a short utterance in which Martin Luther King believes that blacks and whites will be equal and can get rid of prejudices.
The Michelle Obama’s Commencement Speech at Spelman College In her speech at Spelman College, Michelle Obama was able to convince the audience to accept her vision of the students’ mission because of applying three modes of persuasion.
President’s Speech on the High Levels of Corruption Corruption leads to the destruction of a person’s morals and ethics and would increase people’s hatred towards that person.
Matthew McConaughey’s 2014 Best Actor Acceptance Speech The thesis aims to investigate verbal and nonverbal clues. The artifact chosen for the analysis is Matthew McConaughey’s 2014 Best Actor award speech.
Homage to the Trainer Speech Example Hello, dear friends! I am called upon to tell you how my coach helped me to become better, stronger and taught me to live. My story began two years ago when I came to my coach with a dream to become stronger and more resilient. At that time, I was…
TED Talk Analysis: Tim Urban’s Speech on Procrastination One of the most successful speeches is Tim Urban’s speech on procrastination. the speaker was telling the audience a story of one’s personal experience with procrastination.
Freedom of Speech on the Internet The research paper explores freedom of speech, with a specific focus on each person’s right to express their thoughts on the Internet.
Steve Jobs: The Commencement Ceremony Speech Steve Jobs talks at length about a few things: people’s ambitions and curiosity. Giving a personal account from his life, the man tells his audience how he found his purpose in life.
Mikhail Gorbachev’s 1988 UN Speech and Its Importance Mikhail Gorbachev’s speech to the United Nations (UN) of 1988 is believed to have paved the way for the improvement of the US-Soviet relations during the Cold War.
First Lady Michelle Obama Commencement Speech By her speech, Michelle Obama honors the distinguished Tuskegee alumni and encourages the students to overcome the obstacles on the way to achievements and be true to themselves.
Their Finest Hour: Winston Churchill’s Speech The speech that is delivered to the people must include components to achieve the desired effect. A great example is Winston Churchill’s speech entitled “Their finest hour.”
Lady Gaga’s “Women in Hollywood” Acceptance Speech Lady Gaga’s “Women in Hollywood Acceptance Speech” is an example of powerful and highly successful rhetoric based mostly on emotions and not on facts and references.
How a Blender Works: Commercial Speech A blender is a beneficial kitchen tool that can speed up the process of preparing food and help in coming up with new recipes since the possibilities of its use are endless.
Elements of “CPR Demonstration Speech” by Myles Odermann In the “CPR Demonstration Speech,” the elements of a practical demonstration were found: logic, confidence, and explanation of the order of actions.
Stella Young’s Speech: “I Am Not Your Inspiration” This essay analyses Stella Young’s speech “I am not your inspiration,” her capability to deliver it effectively, and the expected reactions from her audience.
The School Board Candidacy Speech The article presents a Speech to the School Council on Hiring, which talks about the motives and personal qualities of the candidate.
Analyzing Edmund Burke’s Speech on Reconciliation With America Edmund Burke’s speech on reconciliation with America on March 22, 1775 describes his thinking on the colonial crisis.
Confidentiality in Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists Clinicians may encounter challenges related to confidentiality during clinical practice and research that require the application of critical thinking and ethical decision-making.
Convincing Techniques of “The Danger of a Single Story” Speech “The Danger of a Single Story” uses ethos, pathos, and logos to convince the listeners of the importance of the issue it is speaking about.
Informative vs. Persuasive Speeches Though persuasive speeches tell the audience what to do with the knowledge, Informative speeches do not have a call to action.
Michelle Obama’s TED Speech: Rhetoric Devices Michelle Obama’s TED speech is an example of a well-designed public speech that will be analyzed according to the Aristotelian rhetoric framework.
“The King’s Speech” Movie and Anxiety Disorder Although several movies depict persons with social anxiety disorder, “The king’s speech” tends to do it particularly well.
Mayor Mitch Landrieu’s Controversial Speech Analysis Mayor Mitch Landrieu gave a controversial speech on removing four statues from the city of New Orleans. This paper examines the rhetorical aspects of the speech.
Informative Speech: Importance of Ethical Awareness Ethical awareness is very important in our society; morality promotes integrity, tranquility, peaceful coexistence as well as professional building.
Phoenix’s Speech in Book 9th of the Iliad The long speech of the phoenix in the ninth book of the Iliad is an important section in the vital subject of the poem. It is an ethical statement, and a minimum share of critical scrutiny is given in its opening part.
Why is Martin Luther King Jr. Speech “I Have a Dream” Still Important after 40 Years? Martin Luther king’s Speech, “I Have a Dream” is still relevant today because it reflects the main problems and social issues affected modern society.
Diotima’s Speech in “The Symposium” by Plato In the work “The Symposium” by Plato, Socrates quotes Diotima as saying that Love is neither mortal nor eternal, lovely nor ugly.
The Speeches “Is it a Crime to Vote?” by Anthony and “We Should All Be Feminists” by Adichie This paper analyzes Susan Anthony’s speech “Is it a Crime to Vote?” and Chimamanda Adichie’s speech “We Should All Be Feminists” and identifies the elements of a political speech.
John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Speech Analysis This paper will provide an analysis of Kennedy’s inaugural address and discuss the rhetoric used by the speaker in order to convince his audience.
Speech of Persuasion. Pursuit of One’s Goal There is no guarantee for anyone that he or she will definitely achieve the goal or make his dream come true, but every effort must be made to make this happen.
Fast Foods Lead to Fast Death: Informative Speech The fast-food industry has expanded at a rapid pace during the past half-century. The consequence has been the rapid expansion of the nation’s collective waistline.
C. Joseph’s “I Will Fight No More Forever” Speech Chief Joseph’s speech conveyed a powerful message to the American government, which had betrayed the people of the Ned Perce.
Speech Disorders in English Language Learners The development and acquisition of language skills and speech by children have always been of particular interest for linguists.
Steve Jobs’ Commencement Speech Analysis A prominent figure, such as Steve Jobs, the co-founder of Apple, has the potential to change a person’s life in the most extraordinary ways.
Speeches by Jim Carrey and Chris Do Both speeches by Jim Carrey and Chris Do are persuasive and inspirational. They aim to evoke listeners’ thoughts and motivate them to change in life.
Personal Informative Speech Reflection Public speaking skills are essential in the contemporary world since they contribute to a person’s academic and career achievements.
“Enemies From Within” the Speech by Joseph McCarthy McCarthy made it clear that the threat was real and the enemy was already within. The politician fueled people’s fears making them irrational and vulnerable.
Obama Speech: Rhetorical Analysis and Evaluation In his speech, Obama starts by making reference to Martin Luther King Jr. He highlights the important role Luther played in the fight for the liberation of the Black Americans.
Analysis of Ronald Reagan’s Inaugural Speech Ronald Reagan’s inaugural speech of 1981 is a speech of recognition, namely a speech of introduction or acceptance, and an inspirational speech to a certain extent.
Rhetorical Analysis of Steve Jobs’ Speech Steve Jobs, the legendary innovator and founder of the Apple Corporation, spoke at Stanford University in 2005, and this was one of the businessman’s landmark speeches.
“The Perils of Indifference” Speech Analysis The rhetoric of the Perils of Indifference included Weisel’s personal experience of the Holocaust and the theme of indifference during the 20th century.
Overcoming Communication Barriers: Complete Loss of Speech Complete loss of speech is a serious barrier that prevents individuals from communicating with others properly.
Greta Thunberg Speech with Loaded Language Greta Thunberg gained worldwide fame, promoting ideas about the inevitable ecological disaster on the Earth and criticizing politicians for their inability to solve this problem.
Martin Luther King Speech “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” The “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” speech addresses the subject that many people fighting against racism and segregation regarded as controversial at the time.
Iron Curtain Speech: History, Facts and Impact When Churchill gave his speech, the U.S. was expanding its influence in various Western European states and other countries around the world.
Myra Walters’ Speech: Benefits of Doing Yoga The informative speech delivered by Myra Walters aims to demonstrate the physical and psychological benefits of doing yoga.
“The Date of Infamy”: Roosevelt’s Speech Analysis “The Date of Infamy” is the designation for the date on which the Japanese Empire’s air force attacked Pearl Harbor, the leading U.S. naval base.
George W. Bush’s Speech: Rhetorical Analysis The speech under analysis is delivered by former US president George W. Bush on the crisis in the Middle East, particularly in Iraq. The speech’s aim was to outline the US policy.
The Main Points of George Washington’s Farewell Speech George Washington’s Farewell Address left an enormous cultural impact on the country’s political life. His ideas were reflected in future American history.
President Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms Speech Analysis The paper analyzes President Roosevelt’s 1941 State of the Union Address, focusing on his “Four Freedoms” postulates, and discussing the impact of the speech on US development.
Freedom of Speech: The Adequate Restrictions It is recognized that free speech must be restricted if an individual’s words are harmful to public health or affect the freedoms of another person.
Ethical Relativism and Freedom of Speech Ethical relativism has boundaries that need to be clarified. It is essential to find a balance between moral nihilism and ethical absolutism.
The Tone of Voice When Giving a Speech The tone of voice is vital when giving a speech since it helps engage and interest the audience and guarantees clear transmission of ideas.
The Self-Introduction Speeches and Their Analysis This paper presents the self-introduction speeches from women of different ages. In all examples, the speakers used engaging and straightforward language.
Conflict of Interest in Speech Therapy Conflict of interest in clinical practice and especially in speech therapy is a phenomenon emerging due to the presence of varying perspectives of personal and professional nature.
Habilitation in Speech Pathology Practice In speech-language pathology (SLP), habilitation most often concerns children whose speech abilities are not developed to the level they usually form at that age.
Pope Urban II Speech at Council of Clermont, 1095 The paper represents the Pope’s speech in 1095 at Clermont: Urban had an appeal to a crusade where he addressed to the Christian, the Church leaders and members from all walks of life.
Speech of Ralph Waldo Emerson “The American Scholar” The current paper explores and reflects on the various external influences on scholars and scientific thought in the United States.
Reflection on Hume’s Speech and Lecture Disagreements have been an integral part of human history, and have led to massive acts of violence and bloodshed.
Martin Luther King Speech Reflection King as an excellent public speaker was familiar with principles and techniques of winning the support of his listeners. One of such techniques is ethos.
Issues on Internet: Privacy and Freedom of Speech Two of the issues, namely, privacy and freedom of speech with regards to the Internet have been discussed in this article.
Analysis of President George W. Bush’s Speech to the Nation on 9/11 Shortly after the events of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center towers on 11/9/2001, President George W. Bush addressed the American population with a speech.
Our Loss of Wisdom, Speech of Barry Schwartz The purpose of this paper is to analyze and describe the speech of Barry Schwartz and outline the connection to Georg Simmel and George Hervert Mead’s theories in the context of this issue.
Analysis of Special Occasion Speeches The purpose of the following paper is to critique special occasion speeches using the provided speech evaluation form.
King’s Speech “I Have a Dream”: Neo-Aristotelian Critique In 1963, Martin Luther King proclaimed his famous speech that was aimed at emphasizing the fact that, despite all the difficulties, African Americans could achieve their goal.
Language and Sexuality: Hate Speech Language can be used in a very negative manner which may lead to hate speech which obviously destroys friendship and cultural ties and this represents discriminatory language.
Hegemony vs. Counter Hegemony: Power & Speech Hegemony is commonly defined as a method of subordinating another population by forcing consent to domination and a foreign ideology.
Drug Use and Heroin Addiction: Informative Speech The illegality of drugs makes it impossible to research the actual numbers of people using drugs and situations making these persons initiate drug abuse and harm their health.
Speech Differences in Bilinguals and Monolinguals This paper examines the differences in speech between bilinguals and monolinguals speaking English in the Philippines.
Free Speech and National Security Controversy The First Amendment to the United States Constitution states that Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech.
Freedom of Speech and Restrictions: Pros and Cons Freedom of speech, being naturally controversial, dramatically benefits from balancing its two extreme states – absolute freedom and absolute restriction.
“The Soft-Hearted Sioux” and “Tecumseh’s Speech to the Osages” The paper analyses Zitkala-Sa’s story “The Soft-Hearted Sioux” and “Tecumseh’s Speech to the Osages” which have certain similarities and differences.
The Fundamental Human Rights Speech Human rights, in plain terms, are the entitlement to the fundamental rights that are given to every individual. We are given these rights, which we retain until we die.
7 Principles for Building Better Cities Speech by Calthorpe In the speech 7 Principles for building better cities, Calthorpe, the urban designer, covers the theme of population growth and its impact on the ecological situation.
Muhammad Ali and His Legacy: Informative Speech At the age of 12, Muhammad Ali started training as an amateur boxer under a police officer in Louisville, Joe Martin. At the Summer Olympics in 1960, he attained a gold medal.
Argumentation Essay on J.F. Kennedy’s Inauguration Speech During the rise of the Cold War, John F. Kennedy vowed to reinforce American military powers and guaranteed an intense position against the Soviet Union.
“The Perils of Indifference” Speech by Elie Wiesel In his speech on the dangers of indifference, Wiesel reflected on how the 20th century will be viewed in the new millennium and described the numerous violent and inhumane events.
“Stress Test for Free Speech” by Lincoln Caplan “Stress Test for Free Speech” describes the issue with social networks and the First Amendment and explains its causes.
How to Cite Sources for Informative Speech Informative speech has to involve appropriate citations from credible sources to be trustworthy, hence persuasive, and to avoid ethical issues, notably, plagiarizing.
Nelson Mandela’s Tribute Speech: Content, Structure, and Delivery The tribute speech to be analyzed was delivered by Barrack Obama during the memorial service for Nelson Mandela, it will be analyzed in terms of content, structure, and delivery.
Pericles’ “Funeral Oration”: Speech Analysis Delivered in 431 B.C., Pericles’ “Funeral Oration” speech praises Athenians’ sacrifices and inspires other citizens to be proud of their city and keep fighting for it.
Mind Mapping and Learning: A Persuasive Speech This paper is a persuasive speech on the topic of mind mapping with the purpose to persuade the audience to take steps to improve people’s learning experience.
Steve Jobs’ Commencement Speech Rhetorical Analysis Steve Jobs, one of the founders and shareholders of Apple, is famous for introducing unique strategies that tend to evoke general interest to his model of business.
McCarthyism and Anti-Communist Campaigns: The Role of Senator McCarthy’s Speech and Red Scare Senator McCarthy’s speech was of significant impact in America through his allegations of communist support among citizens and leadership of the country, leading to the Red Scare.
The Speech “I Have a Dream” by Martin Luther King This essay focuses on how King used literary devices such as rhetoric, pathos, ethos, logos, personification, and hyperbole to achieve his purpose of the speech “I Have a Dream”.
Steve Job’s Commencement Speech at Stanford Steve Jobs’s speech is the subject of the paper which seeks to demonstrate how the speech attains the hallmarks of persuasion and rhetoric
Informative Speech On Business Performance Management In the troubled days of economic crisis and recession the only way companies have to survive economic uncertainty is by making good use of business “performance management”.
Freedom of Speech Peculiarities The paper describes that as much as people exercise their freedom of speech, they have to be censored to protect the interest of those that may be affected by such acts.
Angelina Jolie’s Rhetorical Speech on Female Empowerment Angelina Jolie delivered a powerful message to her colleagues to inspire them to fight for female empowerment through art.
Freedom of Speech in British Universities This report recommends for modern UK students to develop free debates and peaceful demonstrations in specific zones and prove that young minds have to be open.
Mary Fisher’s 1992 National Convention Speech This essay is intended to analyze Mary Fisher’s 1992 Republican National Convention speech for verbal constructions that she used to make her address more convincing.
Mikhail Gorbachev’s Famous Speech at the United Nations Conference Mikhail Gorbachev chose the United Nations as his forum for his famous 1988 speech because it gave him a vantage arena whereby the whole world was the audience.
Winston Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech Analysis Churchill did not believe that Soviet Russia wanted another war. In fact, he claimed that they desired “the fruits of war and the indefinite expansion of their power and doctrines”.
Franklin Roosevelt and Adolf Hitler: Inaugural Speeches This paper analysis the two leaders’ Inaugural address to see the differences and similarities of their paths chosen to save their nations. The paper discusses Roosevelt and Hitler.
Hate Speech: The Negative Implications Hate speech is used for expressions of hatred, abuse, harassment, discrimination, insults, inciting violence, and intimidation against people that fall into a specific category.
Rhetoric: Different Types of Speeches Good speech builds support, which can be used to develop future interactions with the audience. Informative and persuasive speech types are aids in this endeavor.
Constitutional Law: Freedom of Speech The court’s decision to uphold Sarah Sampson’s right came from case laws whose interpretation of the Constitution clarified the legality of expressions.
Rhetoric Tactics in The King’s Speech Film The King’s Speech showcases the strategies used by the ascendant monarch of the British Empire to overcome his own fear of public speaking.
Language and Speech Development in Children At 2-3 years, children can form simple sentences that consist of approximately 3-4 words and are better at saying words.
Joe Biden’s 2021 Speech: Rhetorical Analysis Joe Biden, the current President of the US, gave a speech on the coronavirus pandemic on March 11, 2021. The speaker deployed various rhetorical strategies and devices.
Censorship as a Way to Limit Freedom of Speech A simple example of censorship is when some people impose their political or moral values on others by suppressing words, images, or ideas they find offensive.
Free Speech in the United States Free speech is a critical part of the United States, and punishing it is counterproductive to the peaceful development of ideas, discussions, and the liberal society at large.
Washington’s and DuBois’ Speeches Comparison I read the writings of two of the great spokesmen for the Black rights movement, Washington and DuBois, and tried to choose which of them made the best case.
Freedom of Speech: Restrictions in Social Networks Actions by the US government to influence free speech on Facebook, Twitter, and other such networks are acceptable, but only if they are related to national security.
Obama’s and Clinton’s Speeches Rhetorical Analysis This article presents a rhetorical analysis of the speeches of the following historical figures: Barack Obama and Bill Clinton.
The Quarterly Journal of Speech’s Areas of Focus The aim of this report is to discuss the current areas of focus of the Quarterly Journal of Speech and the significance of the journal to rhetoric.
“I Have a Dream” Speech by Dr. Martin Luther King There are numerous historical examples of how words can be a powerful instrument for influential and moral people who want to inform or persuade others.
The “Speech Genres and Other Late Essays” Book by Bakhtin The book “Speech Genres and Other Late Essays” by Mikhail Bakhtin is centered on the question of what constitutes genres in terms of the specific types of utterances.
Speech of Gubernatorial Candidate of Minnesota This is a speech by a gubernatorial candidate of Minnesota, addressing poor urban conditions for challenged people, pollution, and the impact of COVID-19 on small businesses.
Example of Speech About Personal Views on Independence and Personal Development Exposition Ladies and gentlemen, I’m here today to share with you a very personal event that has had a significant impact on how I view independence and personal development. It was a pivotal moment in my life when I boldly decided to leave my hometown’s familiarity and venture into the…
Restrictions on Freedom of Speech on Social Networks Social networks control modern restrictions on freedom of speech in many ways, affecting all aspects of people’s lives to reduce the existing imbalance and avoid open hatred.
Kleon’s “Steal Like an Artist” Speech Analysis The speech “Steal like an Artist” has a provocative name and may seem controversial or offensive to some people.
Aaronson’s and McCue’s Speeches on Terrorism Aaronson and McCue have had their chance to deliver their speeches at TED regarding the problem of terrorism. The speakers shed light on the issue from quite a unique perspective.
The Public Speech “I Have a Dream” by Dr. Martin Luther King The paper analyzes the public persuasive speech “I Have a Dream” by Dr. Martin Luther King based on centering audience, arguments, and verbal delivery.
Speech Regulation on Social Media As the public relies heavily on social media to express and receive information, speech regulation should be implemented in a limited capacity to prevent evident abuses.
American History in the Entirety of Trump’s Speech The paper explores how Trump’s inauguration speech reflects the end of the New Deal Coalition and the increased popularity of the Conservative Consensus.
The Art of Rhetoric for an Effective Speech The art of rhetoric provides people with helpful recommendations on how they can effectively talk. In arguments, participants should use multiple techniques.
Freedom of Speech: The Basic Human Right
Lincoln’s, Obama’s, Biden’s Speeches Analysis
“I Have a Dream” by Martin Luther King Jr.: Methods of Speech Delivery
Sources on Mark Zuckerberg’s Speech in Congress
Athenian Values in Pericles’ Speeches
Abraham Lincoln’s “The Emancipation Proclamation” Speech
The Speech “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?” by Frederick Douglass
Abraham Lincoln’s “Second Inaugural Address” Speech
Confederate Constitution and “Cornerstone” Speech
Pathos, Ethos, and Logos in Steve Jobs’s Speech at Stanford University
Pierre Trudeau’s War Measures Act Speech
Free Speech Regulation on Social Media
Significance of the Speech “I Have a Dream” by Martin Luther King
Coverage Story on Thunberg Speech
Gary Haugen’s Speech on Violence and Poverty
Washington’s Farewell Speech: Discovering the American Purpose
Importance of Freedom of Speech to American Citizens
Douglass’s Speech “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?”
The Emancipation Proclamation and Fredrick Douglass’s Speech
Creating a Successful Informative Speech
Cohen’s “The King of World We All Want” Speech
Immigrants in USA: Speech to Influence Thinking
John F. Kennedy’s Inauguration Speech Aspirations
Types of Speech Used in Everyday Life
Jacket’s “Indian Speech” and Franklin’s “Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America”
Freedom of Speech Despite Life Risks
Speech about COVID-19: Data and Statistics
Medical Liability Speech
Nelson Mandela: Ceremonial Speech
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Inaugural Speech
Freedom of Expression and Hate Speech
Barack Obama’s Speech on Race in Philadelphia
Roosevelt and Obama: Critical Analysis of Two Speeches
Inaugural Speech of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
The Connection Between Obama’s Comment and Garvey’s Speech
Donald Trump’s Twitter and Free Speech
The Impact of Martin Luther King’s Speech
Speech on Mother Teresa: Poverty and Interiority in Mother Teresa
Kennedy’s Inaugural Speech Analysis: The Main Message
The Democrat and the Dictator: Roosevelt’s and Hitler’s Speech
Brownmiller on Free Speech and Pornography
Types of Dialects, Speech Communities, Perception and Regional Variation in American English
Argument of Definition: Hate Speech
Language Processing and Speech Mistakes
Civil War Resolutions, Party Platforms and Speeches
John Anderson’s Sustainability Speech at Berkeley
Barrack Obama’s First Speech as the US President
Sustein and Tocqueville: Two Opinions on Freedom of Speech
Abraham Lincoln’s “House Divided” Speech
How to Structure a Persuasive Speech
The Rationale and Impact of President George W. Bush’s ‘Axis of Evil’ Speech in January 2002
Anti- and Southern Elements in Reagan’s Speech
Frontier Discourses: The Speech of Senator Hammond
Health Science Professions: Speech Pathology
Phonological Representations in Speech Role
Truman’s Speech on Fear of Communism and Islam
Theodore Roosevelt’s “Who Is a Progressive?” Speech
Martin Luther King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” Speech
Adolf Hitler’s 1933 Speech Mobilizing the Masses
Female Speech Community in the University
History: Winston Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech
Eric Schmidt’s Speech on Google Inc.’s Future
President Obama’s United Nations General Assembly Speech
The Speech of Thomas Friedman
Global Food Security: UN Speech
Mikhail Gorbachev’s 1988 UN Speech: The Significance of the Message
Free Speech and First Amendment
African Leader’s Speech on Independence and Future
Barack Obama’s Speech on State of the Union
Mikhail Gorbachev’s Speech in 1988 in the USA
Barrack Obama’s Speech on the Oil Spill Crisis
Sinews of Peace: Winston Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech
Texas v. Johnson: Flag Burning and Free Speech
Language and the Brain: Speech Mechanics Discovering
Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech for American Audience
Mikhail Gorbachev’s 1988 United Nations Speech
Inaugural Speech of Donald Trump and Other Republicans
Jules Ferry’s Speech “On Colonial Expansion”
Hitler’s and Roosevelt’s Inaugural Speeches
Auburn’s, Chopin’s and Updike’s Figurative Speech
Mikhail Gorbachev’s 1988 UN Speech
Music and Speech in Deutsch’s and Levitin’s Views
The Speech of Gorbachev in the United Nations in 1988: A Significant Role in a Foreign Policy
Little Speech of Liberty and Mayflower Compact
Iron Curtain Speech: Winston Churchill’s Famous Fulton Speech
Winston Churchill’s Speech and Cold War
Winston Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech
Learning Disabilities: Speech and Language Disorders
Law: Freedom of Speech and the Right to Offend

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These essay examples and topics on Speech were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on January 9, 2024 .

Choosing Good Topics
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Unique Speech Topics

You are looking for unique speech topics that will keep your audience on the edge of their seats in anticipation.

When you have to speak in public, there's nothing worse than presenting a dry, bland topic that everyone has already heard a million times before.

If you get up in front of an audience with one of these "vanilla" speeches, you can count on people tuning out within a few minutes. You undoubtedly did not take the opportunity to speak just to bore people, did you?

Here are 7 Unique Speech Topics that will have your audience hanging onto your every word!

Everything you know about "___" is wrong.

People don't like to be wrong, and this topic can perk ears up very quickly to hear what you have to say. Just make sure you can back up your claims! Also, new information that changes preconceived notions of the truth fascinates audiences and leave them wanting to share with others.

The time I almost died (got hit by a car, got arrested), and the lessons I learned

People love to hear about inspirational lessons learned during hard times. Even if you've never been seriously sick, you've probably had close calls on the road at some point in time. Use this topic to bring up meaningful, game-changing philosophies or ideas.

What do you want people to say about you at your funeral?

This question is a classic attention-getter from Stephen Covey. You can use this topic to jump into productivity tips and to motivate people to work toward a common goal.

My conversation with (a historical figure)

Structure your speech around an imagined conversation with a famous person from history. Hearing a familiar name will get attention, and you'll be able to have some fun with this one.

Why you are failing at your job

Job failure is a hot button topic, but one to which people will pay close attention. Everyone wants to perform better at work, and this topic is the perfect opportunity to show people how to improve in their chosen profession.

How technology is killing your productivity

A counterintuitive topic gets noticed. Suggesting technology hurts efficiency is a great topic. In this example, the subject allows you to talk about technological advances while giving people practical tips for staying productive and avoiding distractions.

Don't believe these lies any longer

When you insinuate that media or institutions mislead people, the audience instantly becomes interested. No one wants to fall for a lie, and this topic is sure to keep listeners interested in what you have to say. Make sure that you have real examples, though, and don't directly make accusations in your speech that you can't back up with facts.

Professional copywriters know the power of a good headline. When you give a speech, your topic is the headline for your speaking engagement.

Using engaging and unique speech topics is a great way to attract a larger audience and keep people engaged.

Just be sure that your speech addresses the topic adequately and that listeners are left satisfied by what you've had to say. You shouldn't use a question to get attention and then deviate from it once you have an audience.

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Recent Topics for Speech Presentations that are Hot

Recent topics for speech on Best Speech Topics. These topics represent what is on the mind and will engage your audience with insights on contemporary issues.

Artificial Intelligence Speech Topics to Inform or Persuade

Here is a smart list of artificial intelligence speech topics to inform or persuade an audience. Learn about the issues AI presents and get ideas.

Interesting Speech Topics For Students on Personal Growth

Interesting Speech Topics For Students on Personal Growth and Development - ideal for high school and college students

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A Simple Guide to Writing a Memorable Speech [Infographic]

Updated: April 20, 2017

Published: March 31, 2016

You know what an "average" speech looks like. You've seen tens, maybe hundreds of them in your lifetime. Chances are, you've given a few of them yourself. They're good, and they're useful, but they're not awe-inspiring.

You might also know what an amazing speech looks like -- one that's engrossing, captivating, and inspires action. These speeches grab your attention from the very beginning and imprint us with something memorable by the end. Sometimes, they feel like magic.

While a lot of credit should go to a person's oratory skills, there are elements of great, memorable speeches we can bring into our own practice.

Want to create a truly memorable, persuasive speech of your own? Check out the infographic below from PapersMaster to learn the elements of a great topic, how to structure your speech to achieve the best response, how to construct the body to support your claim, how to prepare to give your speech, and tips for a successful delivery. (For more detailed public speaking tips, read this blog post on the science of a great TED talk .)

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Choosing a 'WOW' Topic for your VCE Oral Presentation

January 23, 2020

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Go ahead and tilt your mobile the right way (portrait). the kool kids don't use landscape....

This blog covers choosing the perfect topic for your next Oral Presentation. To get a better overview of what's expected of you in Oral Presentations, writing up your speech, and speech delivery, check out Our Ultimate Guide to Oral Presentations.

The following is the LSG criteria that will ensure you find an interesting topic!

Step 1: Select a topic that has appeared in the media since 1 September of the previous year

Getting started on this first part can be tricky, especially if you want to choose something a bit more original or fresh.

In any case, the first thing you need is an event . An event in the VCE English context is anything that happens which also generates opinionated media coverage —so, it’s not just an event but it has to be an event that people have published opinions about, and they have to have been published since September 1.

You might wonder why we don’t go to the issue straight away. Here’s a hypothetical to illustrate: if you asked me to name an issue, the best I could probably come up with off the top of my head is climate change. However, if you asked me to name an event, I’d pretty easily recall the Australian bushfires—something much more concrete which a) has generated specific and passionate opinions in the media; and b) can easily be linked to a wider issue such as climate change.

So where do you find an event? If you can’t think of a particularly interesting one right away, you could always try Wikipedia. Seriously, Wikipedia very helpfully has pages of things that happened in specific years in specific countries, so “2019 in Australia” might well be a starting point. The ABC news archive is also really helpful since you can pick dates or periods of time and see a good mix of news events from then.

I wouldn’t underestimate your own memory here either. Maybe you attended the School Strike for Climate and/or you feel vaguely disappointed in the government. Maybe there was something else happening in the news you remember (even though it is often about the environment these days). It doesn’t have to be from the news though—maybe there was a movie or TV show you watched recently that you have thoughts about. You could really do a speech on any of these, as long as you suspect there might be recent, opinionated media coverage .

Only once you have an event should you look for an issue . This will be a specific debate that comes out of the event, and can usually be framed as a “whether-or-not” question. The bushfires, for example, might generate debate around whether or not the Australian government is doing enough to combat climate change, whether or not Scott Morrison has fulfilled his duties as Prime Minister, whether or not it’s appropriate to discuss policy already when people are still grieving. All of these issues are going to be more current and more focused than just ‘climate change’, so pick one that resonates for your speech. In the next couple of sections, I’ll offer you a list of 2019-20 issue-debate breakdowns (i.e. topic ideas!).

Most importantly, choose an event/issue that is interesting for you . You’re the one who’s going to deal most intimately with this event/issue - you’ll have to research multiple sources, come up with a contention and arguments, write the essay, present the essay - so make it easier for yourself because you’re going to be spending a lot of time completing all these steps. Besides, an inherently interesting topic means that you’ll showcase your opinions in an authentic way, which is incredibly important when it comes to presentation time.

Step 2: Filter out the boring events/issues

“Your aim of this entire Oral Presentation SAC is to persuade your audience to agree with your contention (whatever that may be) based off the issue you’ve selected.” -The VCAA English Study Design

Next, you’ll need use this test to see whether or not your topic will stand up to the test of being ‘interesting’ enough for your audience. My first question to you is: who is your audience?

Is it your classroom and teacher? Is it a handful of teachers? If you don’t know, stop right now and find out. Only continue to the next question once you’re 100% certain of your audience.

Once you know who your audience is, ask yourself: Does this event and issue relate to my audience?

This question matters because “your aim of this entire Oral Presentation SAC is to persuade your audience to agree with your contention (whatever that may be) based off the issue you’ve selected.” This means that what you say to your audience and how they respond to your speech matters . Even if your assessor isn’t counting exactly how many people are still listening to your speech at the end, everyone knows a powerful speech when they’re in the presence of one - it hooks the audience from start to end - and an assessor, consciously or subconsciously, cannot deny that the collective attentiveness of the room has an influence on their marking of your Oral Presentation.

That’s why you should choose a topic that your audience can relate to. This is just my personal opinion, but I don’t find a speech on the Adani Coalmine (broad issue = climate change) as interesting and engaging as School Strike For The Climate (broad issue = climate change). That’s not to say that I’m for or against the Adani Coal Mine, but I know that if I’m speaking to a crowd of 17-18 years olds, the School Strike For The Climate would be a better choice because it’s going to hit a lot closer to home (1) (perhaps some of those in your audience - including yourself - have attended one of those strikes).

To extrapolate this idea further, I try to avoid topics that have too many unfamiliar words for my audience. For example, I recall one year when one of my students decided to take a stance on pain medications and that they should be restricted to only over-the-counter in pharmacies. Have I lost you already with the ‘over-the-counter’? Yeah, I have no doubt that some of you are unfamiliar with that word (don’t stress, I didn’t know it either when I was in school). On top of this phrase, she used words like ‘Schedule A’, ‘Pharmaceuticals Benefits Scheme’, ‘Medicare rebate’, ‘opioids', ‘subsidised’, and other words that aren’t part of the usual vocabulary of her audience. I’d take heed because in order to captivate the audience’s attention, they need to understand what you’re talking about. As soon as there’s something they don’t understand, it becomes much harder for them to follow your speech, and before you know it, Sarah, the class sleeper is taking her afternoon snooze and the others are struggling to keep their eyes open! Having said all that, if you have an equivalent jargon-heavy topic like pain medications that really does interest you, then go for it. Just bear in mind that you’ll need to explain any new vocabulary during your speech to keep your audience’s attention.

Keen to learn more? My How To Write A Killer Oral Presentation eBook continues on this same path, covering the next steps in your Oral Presentation journey!

Access a step-by-step guide on how to write your Oral Presentation with simple, easy-to-follow advice
Read and analyse sample A+ Oral Presentations with EVERY speech annotated and broken down on HOW and WHY students achieved A+ so you reach your goal
Learn how to stand out from other students with advice on your speech delivery

Sounds like something that'd help you? I think so too! Access the full eBook by clicking here !

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Access a FREE sample of our How To Write A Killer Oral Presentation study guide

Written by Lisa Tran, who achieved FULL marks in her Oral Presentation:

How to choose, plan and write your oral presentation and written explanation
A simple, persuasive speech structure that will blow your audience away
All essays FULLY annotated so you know exactly what you need to do and what not to do

1. What is an Oral Presentation? 2. What are you expected to cover? (Oral Presentation Criteria) 3. Choosing your Topic 4. Choosing your Contention 5. Writing your Speech 6. Presenting your Speech 7. Writing the Written Explanation 8. Resources to help you prepare for your Oral Presentation

What is an Oral Presentation?

For many VCE English students, the oral presentation is the scariest part of the course; it’s often also the first.

Doing a speech can indeed be daunting— you’re marked in real time, you can’t go back and edit mistakes, and the writing part itself is only half the battle. Nonetheless, the Oral SAC can also be one of the more dynamic and engaging tasks you complete in VCE English, and there’s plenty of ways to make it more interesting and also more manageable for yourself.

Keep reading for a comprehensive overview of what you need to know to succeed in your Oral Presentation. We’ve got you covered- from choosing your topic and contention, to writing and presenting your Speech.

We’ll also be suggesting useful resources, Study Guides and YouTube videos that will provide more detailed information and give you more confidence. Let’s get into it!

What are you expected to cover in an Oral Presentation? (Oral Presentation Rubric)

1. Your Oral Presentation SAC has two components. The first is the Oral Presentation itself (“a point of view presented in oral form”), and the second is a Written Explanation, also known as a Statement of Intention.

2. Your selected topic needs to be an issue that has appeared in the media since 1 September of the previous year

3. Your aim for this entire Oral Presentation SAC is to persuade your audience to agree with your contention (whatever that may be) based off the issue you’ve selected.

Here’s the raw version of VCAA’s expectations from you, taken from the VCAA website :

How to choose your Oral Presentation topic

1. select a topic that has appeared in the media since 1 september of the previous year.

This can be time consuming and tricky, especially if you want to choose something a bit more original or fresh.

Firstly, you need an event. An event in the VCE English context is anything that happens which also generates opinionated media coverage—so, it’s not just an event but it has to be an event that people have published opinions about, and they have to have been published since September 1.

The ABC news archive is also really helpful for finding events since you can pick dates or periods of time and see a good mix of news events from then. Otherwise, Wikipedia has helpful pages of events that happened in specific years in specific countries, so “2023 in Australia” might well be a starting point.

When you have your event, you can then look for an issue. This will be a specific debate that comes out of the event, and can usually be framed as a “whether-or-not” question. The bushfires, for example, might generate debate around whether or not the Australian government is doing enough to combat climate change, whether or not Scott Morrison has fulfilled his duties as Prime Minister.

Most importantly, choose an issue from an event that’s interesting and important to you. After all, you’re going to be spending the time researching, writing and presenting!

2. Filter out the boring events/issues

Understand who your audience is.

Even if your assessor isn’t counting exactly how many people are still listening to your speech at the end, everyone knows a powerful speech when they’re in the presence of one - it hooks the audience from start to end - and an assessor, consciously or subconsciously, cannot deny that the collective attentiveness of the room has an influence on their marking of your Oral Presentation.

That’s why you should choose a topic that your audience can relate to. Also, avoid topics that have too many unfamiliar words, because as soon as there’s something they don’t understand, it becomes much harder for them to follow your speech.

Now you may be asking yourself; what is the best topic for oral presentation?

Here are some example topics from previous years to give you inspiration:

VCE English Oral Presentation Topics 2014

VCE English Oral Presentation Topics 2015

VCE English Oral Presentation Topics 2016

VCE English Oral Presentation Topics 2017

VCE English Oral Presentation Topics 2018

VCE English Oral Presentation Topics 2019

VCE English Oral Presentation Topics 2020

VCE English Oral Presentation Topics 2021

VCE English Oral Presentation Topics 2022

VCE English Oral Presentation Topics 2023

For more detailed information on choosing a topic, read my blog Choosing a WOW topic for your VCE Oral Presentation ‍

How to choose your oral presentation contention

Once you've chosen an interesting topic and have researched all of its different viewpoints, it's time to formulate your contention.

Often, creating a killer contention is about avoiding some common traps that will make your overall presentation boring, bland and just like the rest of your cohorts'.

So, there are three things I like to AVOID:

1. Broad, Overarching statements

2. A Contention That Is Just Plain Obvious

3. Avoid A Contention That Is Generally Accepted As True In Today’s Age

For more information on writing a contention, read my blog Creating a Killer Contention for your Oral Presentation ‍

How to write your speech

1. Have a CAPTIVATING introduction sentence; use a short, clear and powerful sentence.

2. RELATE to your audience so that it keeps them interested so they actually WANT to listen.

3. If you are taking on a persona, firstly study and UNDERSTAND your character.

4. Don’t forget your persuasive techniques. I usually use repetition in conjunction with the ‘rule of three’.

5. Remember that you are writing a SPEECH, not an essay. Instil your oral with emotion, varied tone and sentence lengths.

In fact, I've talked about a few of these in a 'Must Dos and Don'ts' video. If you haven't seen it yet, watch below before you read on.

4 tips on presenting your Speech

1. Body Language

Confidence is key. Stand with your feet shoulder width apart and, more importantly don’t move your legs. Especially if you’re nervous, swaying or shuffling will be noticeable and make you appear more nervous—when you practise, pay attention to the lower half of your body and train it to stay still if possible.

That being said, do use your arms for gestures. Those are more natural and will help engage the audience, though don’t overdo it either—usually, holding cue cards in one hand frees up the other but also stops you from going overboard.

2. Eye contact

Cue cards brings up another important consideration- eye contact. Hold cue cards in one hand as high as you can without it feeling uncomfortable. This means you don’t have to take your eyes away from the audience for too long or too noticeably to check your notes.

Eye contact increases your engagement with the audience. It also gives the impression of confidence and that you’ve been practicing and know your speech inside and out!

3. Rehearse, rehearse, rehearse

In a best case scenario, you won’t need to rely on your cue cards as you will have your speech basically memorised! Read your speech aloud and pretend that you’re actually delivering your speech. This means:

- Looking up ahead

- Holding the cue cards in the right spot; and

- Not just reading the words, but speaking as if to an audience

It’s extremely helpful to also practice your speech to an actual audience! Practice in front of your family and friends. An alternative is to put a sticker next to your camera and record yourself. The sticker will help indicate where you should create eye contact. Look back at the video and give yourself some feedback, you might be surprised at your presentation!

4. Tone variation

Tone variation involves emphasising certain words, using pauses or slowing down for effect, or modifying volume. Incorporating some of these elements- even writing them into your notes by bolding/italicising/underlining will help you break out of monotony and make the speech more engaging.

Be sure to emphasise emotive language and any evidence you might use to illustrate your arguments. Most importantly, don’t speak too quickly!

5 things to keep in mind while writing the written explanation

For oral presentation based written explanations, the VCAA study design requests students write...

"A written statement of intention to accompany the student’s own oral presentation, articulating the intention of decisions made in the planning process, and how these demonstrate understanding of argument and persuasive language."

Using the topic, 'Why we need to stop crying 'cultural appropriation' when cultural exchange is far more important, ‘let’s see how this can be done with FLAPC with some examples below:

2. Language

3. Audience

For more information on writing a Written Explanation and a sample FLAPC compiled and rearranged for flow and fluency, read my blog How to Write a Stellar Written Explanation (Statement of Intention) .

Resources to help you prepare for your Oral Presentation

Doing this study all by yourself can be rather daunting, so we've got your back. We specialise in supporting VCE English by creating helpful videos, study guides and eBooks. Here are some just to get your started:

‍ A Three Part Guide to Nailing Your Oral Presentation

Advice for A+ Oral Presentations

How I Got A+ in My Oral Presentation | Live QnA With Lisa Tran

How To 'Overcome' Your Fear of Public Speaking

Oral Presentations | How To Do Speeches

5 Common Oral Presentation Mistakes

Our How to Write a Killer Oral Presentation Study Guide has all the information you need to succeed in your Oral Presentations. Sample A+ essays and written explanations are also included!

Can you believe it’s already 2021? To kick off the year in VCE English, you’ll probably be working on your Oral Presentation sometime soon. The past year has flown by, but so much has happened in that year - there are plenty of juicy and controversial topics to get stuck into for your SAC.

Each heading below represents a broad topic and each subheading under it takes you into more specific debates. A more precise topic can make your speech more engaging and current, so feel free to pick a broad issue that resonates with you but don’t forget to zoom in on more specific questions too.

If you haven’t already, check out our Ultimate Guide to Oral Presentations for some general tips and tricks to get you started!

1. Working From Home

ICYMI, there’s been this global pandemic going around for about a year now. It’ll probably come up in a few speeches this year, but let’s work through some more specific ways of using it in yours.

First up is working from home. In 2020, a lot of people spent a lot of time working from home - but this hasn’t been possible for everyone, meaning that it could be worsening certain forms of inequality. ‘Essential workers’ like supermarket clerks and delivery drivers have not been able to work from home, which might put them at a disadvantage when it comes to the flexibility or even the conditions of their work. Conversely, a ‘ tax on remote workers ’ has been proposed which would see people pay a 5% tax if they chose to work from home instead.

Is working from home all that it’s chalked up to be? Is it a positive sign of flexibility, or a widening gap between the manual working class and white-collar professionals? What can we learn about working from home now that we can apply to the future? Is it the environmentally responsible thing to do?

The hidden impact of the coronavirus pandemic is rising urban inequality – 26/11/2020 ‍ Rebound in carbon emissions expected in 2021 after fall caused by Covid – 11/12/2020

Possible Contentions:

All workplaces, especially those with essential manual or physical labour, should provide paid health and safety training to staff who are for example more at risk of disease
A working from home tax is a bad idea - it encourages people to commute and pollute. We should look to ways of promoting flexibility and sustainability instead
Casual workers in manual professions should be given paid sick leave and other entitlements to make their jobs as flexible as remote office workers

2. Education

You might’ve spent 2020 learning from home too. Everything happened pretty quickly right at the start of the year, but as the months wore on it became clearer that some students were adjusting better than others. In particular, ‘ digital exclusion ’ became a big problem for many students around the country. Inequality is once again a big theme: access to the internet and other technology is vastly uneven, and students who were already dealing with things like mental ill-health were set further back by remote learning. Even though the Victorian government applied special considerations to all Year 12 students in 2020, this is far from a long-term fix.

What can be done about the education system to make it fairer, or even just to make it work better for you? Is it an issue with technology, or are there underlying problems around, say, mental health and wellbeing? Maybe it’s time to axe the ATAR system - would a new scoring system solve these problems?

Coronavirus kept Victorian students out of class. This is what we know about long-term effects of school closures – 21/09/2020 ‍ Government must address barriers to education in rural and remote areas, inquiry finds – 12/11/2020 ‍ The ATAR Benefits No-One: Reflections of a ‘High-Achiever’ – 02/11/2020 (yes this is a shameless plug for my own piece)

Possible Contentions :

The government should supply public schools with tech for every student, including iPads and broadband devices
The government should implement a needs-based approach to technology in schools
Schools need engagement staff as well as teaching staff: COVID-19 has shown just how easy it is for students to disconnect
Replace the ATAR with something that measures skills and interests, rather than just results

The Climate Crisis

1. the paris agreement.

The Paris Agreement is an international agreement that was signed a little over five years ago. It binds every country to a commitment of carbon neutrality by 2050 - this means that everyone will be taking as much CO2 out of the atmosphere as we emit. Part of the Agreement is that countries have to commit to new, increasingly ambitious plans every five years, and this deadline has just passed.

How did we do, you might ask. While the mid-century goal still stands, the five-year increment isn’t looking fantastic - most countries , including Australia , haven’t strengthened their climate targets. The Prime Minister was even snubbed out of a speaking slot at a UN climate summit, some suggest because of his inaction on climate. None of this has really snatched headlines though.

Is this something that you’ve been following? If not, is it a problem that this news isn’t really getting out there? What can Australia do better with regard to the climate crisis?

The Paris agreement five years on: is it strong enough to avert climate catastrophe? – 08/12/2020 ‍ The Paris Agreement 5 years on: big coal exporters like Australia face a reckoning – 14/12/2020 ‍ Australia records fourth hottest year as it risks being isolated globally on climate change – 05/01/2021

Australia needs to be proactive on the Paris Agreement, rather than doing the bare minimum
Australia needs to transition away from coal
Our country’s lack of climate action is a great source of shame, particularly for young Australians who want a better future
The Australian media should take the climate crisis more seriously

2. Environmental Racism

One aspect of the climate crisis we’re starting to talk about more now is environmental racism. The term started in the US , where it was used to describe the disproportionate impacts of environmental problems like pollution on working class people of colour. That doesn’t mean it doesn’t apply in Australia though - earlier in 2020 , a sacred Aboriginal site was blasted by Rio Tinto in order to expand a mine. Now, taxpayer money is being set aside for fracking in the Northern Territory. This will have an adverse impact on not only the climate, but also the local water quality on which First Nations communities depend.

What can be done about environmental racism? Is it about making changes in government, or about activism from outside the halls of power? If environmental racism is the problem, is there a solution that can tackle both problems at once? Is it even accurate to refer to them as two separate problems?

The young Indigenous woman fighting fracking in remote NT – 11/11/2020 ‍ $50 Million Hand-Out to Northern Territory Frackers – 17/12/2020 ‍ Fighting not just to survive, but to flourish – 21/12/2020 ‍ Making sense of Australia’s climate exceptionalism – 01/01/2021

Indigenous land rights is not just a social movement: it could help us avoid environmental disaster as well
Politicians are too reliant on fossil fuel companies: we need more grassroots activism around climate justice
Fracking is dangerous, its impacts disproportionately affect BIPOC communities and as such it should be banned

3. A Carbon Price?

This topic was kind of on our 2020 topic list , but the debate around climate action has changed a little bit since. A carbon price would make the atmosphere a commodity basically - corporations would have to pay in order to pollute.

But maybe that’s still giving them too much power? If you can just pay your way out of environmental responsibility, who’s to stop you from polluting? Maybe there isn’t a capitalistic or free-market solution to carbon emissions - maybe we need to rethink our entire relationship with land and country. What can and should Australia learn from its First People in this regard?

Australia’s plants and animals have long been used without Indigenous consent. Now Queensland has taken a stand – 16/09/2020 ‍ ‘As an Australian it will affect you. It’s your land as well’: Indigenous tourism’s new online travel agency – 03/12/2020 ‍ What is cultural burning? – 31/12/2020 ‍ The barriers to a carbon fee and dividend policy – 07/01/2021

A carbon price is still necessary, but it’s a stepping stone in a larger conversation
Putting a price on excessive pollution isn’t the same as creating laws to prevent it: as such, it is no longer enough

1. First Nations Justice

You might recall the huge impact that George Floyd’s death had on conversations about race around the world. Though this erupted in a wave of furore last June, the conversation has been shifting ever since. In Australia, we’ve been grappling in particular with First Nations justice. While the Prime Minister ’s made attempts to unify the country through certain words and gestures, First Nations leaders such as Lidia Thorpe , the first Indigenous senator from Victoria, have been calling for something more substantive. In the meantime, police brutality against First Nations people continues.

Where to from here? What does the future of First Nations justice look like in Australia, and what is the role of leaders like Ms Thorpe? Where do non-Aboriginal folks fit into this? What could we do better?

Lidia Thorpe: Victoria's first Aboriginal senator urges end to deaths in custody and mass incarceration – 09/09/2020 ‍ ‘We have the fight in us’: Lidia Thorpe’s incredible journey to historic place in the Victorian Senate – 23/09/2020 ‍ 'Unfinished business': Senator Lidia Thorpe on fighting for Treaty for Indigenous Australians – 10/12/2020 ‍ Can we breathe? – 31/12/2020

Reconciliation is an outdated term; it implies two parties are coming together as equals, when history would tell us otherwise
Lidia Thorpe’s election is the first step in a longer journey towards representation, truth-telling and self-determination
Even after the #BlackLivesMatter movement in 2020, we still a long way to go with anti-racism
Australia is far from a multicultural utopia: we need to learn to treat politicians like Lidia Thorpe with more respect

2. Refugees

In 2019, the ‘medevac’ bill allowed refugees to be brought to mainland Australia for medical care. That bill has since been repealed, but it did allow some refugees to leave their detention centres and receive medical treatment. 60 of them have now been detained in various Melbourne hotels for over a year now. In December, they were moved to a former COVID-19 quarantine hotel, where they will continue to be isolated and detained.

What injustices (plural) are going on here? Did medevac force us to confront our out-of-sight-out-of-mind asylum seeker policy? And if this isn’t the impetus we need to shut offshore detention once and for all, what exactly will it take?

The Mantra 60 should be freed from torture. Here’s why the Coalition won’t do it – 15/12/2020 ‍ Former mayor among protesters arrested as police escort refugees and asylum seekers to new Melbourne hotel – 17/12/2020 ‍ Refugees and asylum seekers moved from Mantra hotel in Melbourne – 17/12/2020 ‍ ‘We are human, we are not animals’: Mantra refugees transferred to another hotel – 17/12/2020

Bring back medevac: it was a bare minimum policy to begin with, and it’s unconscionable that it would be repealed, thereby denying sick people healthcare
Australia’s refugee policy is as lazy as it is harmful: something needs to change
The hotel industry is profiting off detention and we should consider boycotting chains like Mantra

3. COVID-Related Racism

This could’ve gone in the first section, but it poses important questions about ongoing and future race relations in Australia. During 2020, Asian Australians and particularly those with Chinese heritage experienced a sharp increase in racially-provoked harassment. Towards the end of the year, Chinese Australians were asked in a Senate committee hearing to condemn the Chinese Communist Party, which many have described as race-baiting. Many Australians with Chinese heritage have no relation to the Chinese government, so it’s jarring that they’d be called upon to give an opinion like this.

How does race still impact civic life in Australia? If you’re Australian, should you be expected to have opinions about or deny loyalties to foreign governments? Does it matter what race you are, and if so, how is that problematic?

Chinese Australians say questions from Senator Eric Abetz about their loyalties are not asked of other communities – 15/10/2020 ‍ Eric Abetz refuses to apologise for demanding Chinese-Australians denounce Communist party – 16/10/2020 ‍ More than eight in 10 Asian Australians report discrimination during coronavirus pandemic – 02/11/2020 ‍ Too many men in pin-striped suits – 10/12/2020 (this is an interesting one that also touches on gender and class in civic life)

Politicians are increasingly out of touch with Australia’s diverse communities because they are just so overwhelmingly undiverse
Again, Australia is not a multicultural utopia. When times get tough, the racism really jumps out
Australians are yet to confront the reality that there are Chinese Australians (which sounds like a joke, but based on these articles isn’t really a joke) - their behaviour continues to ‘other’ people who actually really are Australian, telling them they somehow don’t belong
More people of colour should run for public office; this starts with civic empowerment in schools

1. Representation

As it turns out, journalism isn’t a very diverse profession. When issues about disability come up, for example, they’re often covered by abled journalists in a “pity party” or “inspiration porn” manner. When issues about race come up, it’s also often white people who cover them, usually with racist undertones as well. We started seeing a bit of this in 2020: the stories that kept coming up about people breaking COVID restrictions were often targeting minorities - their names and faces would be splashed across newspaper front pages, while their white counterparts were afforded privacy and forgiven for making a mistake.

How fair is the media landscape towards people from minority backgrounds? What different forms might racism and ableism take in the media, and how can we overcome them? Is it as simple as allowing disabled people to tell their own stories, for example?

Muslims, Chinese Australians and Indigenous people most targeted in racist media coverage – 11/11/2020 ‍ ‘Double standard’: Experts weigh in on publicly shaming only certain COVID rule-breakers – 22/12/2020

The media landscape isn’t fair towards minorities: stereotypes can be subtle but persistent
Journalism schools should create more scholarships for diverse applicants
Australian media should adopt a code of ethics around representation of minorities

This may or may not come as a surprise to you, but young people are also one of the groups that are likely to be underrepresented in the media. A report from the Foundation for Young Australians found that there were not only less stories about young people in the media in 2020, but barely half of them actually quoted a young person.

Again, we return to questions around representation - does the media have an ethical obligation to let young people tell their own stories? How much do you, as a young person, trust the media to accurately depict you? What can be done about this?

Young People Have Been Pretty Much Ignored By The Media During COVID – 28/10/2020 ‍ Research Report: mainstream media either ignores young Australians or castigates them – 21/12/2020

Young people can no longer trust the media, and this is detrimental to civic society
There needs to be a national youth broadcaster, kind of like the ABC, run by young people for young people

Remember Kevin Rudd? The former Prime Minister has been making waves recently for starting a parliamentary petition for a royal commission into media diversity. The petition was signed by a record 501,876 people, and it looks like the commission - a bit like a government inquiry - will go ahead. The ‘media diversity’ in question isn’t about race or disability though - it’s more about media ownership. In Australia, Rupert Murdoch owns almost two-thirds of metropolitan media circulation. He’s also a climate sceptic , which means a large chunk of his media output is also climate-sceptic.

What is the role of media in democracy, and can it still fulfill that role if one person gets to own so much of it? What are some ways Murdoch has used his influence, and what have been the consequences for the Australian people? What should the royal commission look to now achieve?

Petition calling for media royal commission and setting Australian record tabled in Parliament – 09/11/2020 ‍ Rudd and Turnbull will be called to give evidence at Senate inquiry into media diversity – 11/11/2020

Because the media holds government to account in the eyes of the people, one person owning this much of the media gives them too much power
Australia’s climate inaction is a direct result of Murdoch’s media empire, and we need to break it apart to get honest debate and coverage

Pop Culture

In December 2020, the Australian singer Sia was caught in a bit of Twitter beef. She defended casting Maddie Ziegler, an abled actress, in a disabled role for her upcoming film. Disability justice activists argued that autistic people should be able to portray themselves, and that roles for autistic people should be written by them as well. Sia later admitted this was “ableism”, but didn’t back down on her decision.

What is the appropriate way for celebrities and creatives to approach representation? Without debating anyone’s actual identity, how can the film industry do better here?

Sia opens up about lashing out on Twitter to defend her new film – 19/12/2020

Abled people shouldn’t write roles for disabled people, nor should they play these roles; if a disabled person can’t play the role, then it isn’t appropriate in the first place
Cancel culture isn’t a thing, given how comfortable Sia feels admitting to ableism and then committing to her decision anyway
We shouldn’t cancel people, but we still need new ways to really hold them to account: otherwise, they can still get away with discrimination

The Grammy Awards have been oft-criticised for racial biases, including once again in this year ’s coming ceremony. Black artists like Beyonce are often relegated to subcategories like R&B and rap - of her 24 Grammy Awards, only one was awarded in a major category (Best Music Video in 2017 for ‘Formation’). Meanwhile, she was arguably snubbed for Album of the Year wins in both 2017 (Adele won) and 2015 (Beck won). Now though, the Grammys are hoping to #ChangeMusic and acknowledge the contributions of Black artists to the industry.

What should this look like? Are award wins all it will take? Is a change for the future enough to fix wrongs of the past? Maybe awards aren’t even that important - is cultural impact what really matters?

#ChangeMusic Roadmap aims to redress racism in music industry – 17/12/2020

The cultural impact of Bla(c)k artists can’t be measured through awards
Awards are a necessary first step to acknowledging Bla(c)k talent in the music industry
Radios stations should make more of an effort to diversify their sets, particularly when local BIPOC talent in Australia is at an all-time high (think Thelma Plum, Sampa the Great etc.)

Be sure to check out our Ultimate Guide to Oral Presentations for more advice on how to write your speech, presentation tips and more. Or, if you really want to dive in further to make sure you absolutely nail your Oral, then you'll definitely want to check out our How To Write A Killer Oral Presentation ebook - it explores essay structure, the written explanation and even has sample A+ essays so that you can learn from past students who have succeeded in VCE!!

We've all been there. You're moments away from having to deliver your 5-6 minute long oral to all of your classmates and your teacher, and you're still trying to memorise that one bit that you just can't seem to get down pat. It sucks.

Doing a speech can indeed be daunting— you’re marked in real time, you can’t go back and edit mistakes, and the writing part itself is only half the battle. Nonetheless, the oral SAC can also be one of the more dynamic and engaging tasks you complete in VCE English, and there’s plenty of ways to make it more interesting and also more manageable for yourself.

We’ll break the whole process down into three parts (don’t worry, one of these will be the delivery itself) and have a look at ways to tackle each; hopefully, you’ll feel more empowered to give it a go on your own terms. Don't forget to also check out Our Ultimate Guide to Oral Presentations for everything you need to know for Oral Presentations.

Part One: Choosing a good topic

(in this section—researching events & issues, topic ideas).

For a bit of a head start on this step, be sure to check out our blog post filled with Oral Presentation Topics for 2020 . It's one of our best kept secrets!

In the study design, the description that’s given for the Oral Presentation is:

“A point of view presented in oral form using sound argument and persuasive language . The point of view should relate to an issue that has appeared in the media since 1 September of the previous year.”

Besides this restriction on how current/recent your issue is, the expectations themselves for this task are pretty standard (and therefore pretty broad): you

select a topic or point of view
research arguments and supporting evidence; and
position the audience accordingly in your speech

Getting started on this first part can be tricky though, especially if you want to choose something a bit more original or fresh.

In any case, the first thing you need is an event . As a reminder, an event in the VCE English context is anything that happens which also generates opinionated media coverage —so, it’s not just an event but it has to be an event that people have published opinions about, and they have to have been published since September 1.

You might wonder why we don’t go to the issue straight away. Here’s a hypothetical to illustrate: if you asked me to name an issue, the best I could probably come up with off the top of my head is climate change. However, if you asked me to name an event, I’d pretty easily recall the bushfires—something much more concrete which a) has generated specific and passionate opinions in the media; and b) can easily be linked to a wider issue such as climate change.

Only once you have an event should you look for an issue . This will be a specific debate that comes out of the event, and can usually be framed as a “whether-or-not” question. The bushfires, for example, might generate debate around whether or not the Australian government is doing enough to combat climate change, whether or not Scott Morrison has fulfilled his duties as Prime Minister, whether or not it’s appropriate to discuss policy already when people are still grieving. All of these issues are going to be more current and more focused than just ‘climate change’, so pick one that resonates for your speech. For a list of 2019-20 issue-debate breakdowns (i.e. topic ideas!), give this a read!

From there, you might delve a little deeper into viewpoints around your chosen issue, and you’d do this mostly by reading opinion or analysis articles (rather than hard news reports). Opinion is great to see what other people are thinking, and could help you bolster or reinforce your own arguments, whereas analysis is good to get a little deeper into the implications of and evidence behind the issue. The actual contention itself comes last—even though you might already have an idea what you think about the issue, you’ll be best prepared to articulate it after doing the research first.

Part Two: Writing a good speech

(in this section—register/tone selection, personas, openings, how formal you need to be, drafting & rehearsing).

For this part of the task, I’d keep in mind a specific snippet of its description: the need to use sound argument and persuasive language .

To be fair, persuasive language mightn’t necessarily be something you actively think about when you write persuasively—you wouldn’t ever really be like “hey, this is a great spot to include an appeal to compassion.” However, while you don’t need to start now, it’s good to have in mind a general register for your speech before you start. It’s one of the first things you might analyse in a written essay for good reason—it’s broad and it sets the tone for your argument/s.

With the bushfires for instance, you might contend that even though grief is a strong emotion, it should also be a trigger for resolute, permanent policy reform. But will you come from a frustrated, this-is-what-we’ve-been-saying-for-years register, or a compassionate look-at-the-damage-caused register, or an assertive, we-need-to-bring-the-community-together-first register?

Maybe you can incorporate a bit of each, or maybe (probably) there are more options, but in any case, making this decision first will help with stringing together arguments and incorporating more persuasive language techniques (PLTs). Note that most PLTs can be used across a number of registers, but there are some that might work more effectively with some of these.

For example:

Register	Arguments	PLTs
Frustrated	Climate activists have been stating the facts for years now; we suffered more extensive damage this bushfire season than ever before and our politicians are still clinging to coal; if this doesn’t trigger change, what will?	Statistics + other evidence Attacks (on government, climate denialists etc.) Calls to action Emotive language
Compassionate	There’s been so much damage, and grief is an understandable and necessary response; if we don’t do something now though, how many more years will we have to suffer through the same (if not worse)?	Appeals to sympathy Anecdotes (especially if you adopt a persona) Rhetorical questions Imagery
Assertive	Never before has the community been so united on combating an issue; even international communities are involved; we have to take advantage of how the issue has brought everyone together to enact meaningful, permanent change now.	Inclusive language Generalisations (ALL Australians want change) Appeals to community and/or hope, optimism Repetition/emphasis

Arguments

PLTs

Frustrated

Climate activists have been stating the facts for years now; we suffered more extensive damage this bushfire season than ever before and our politicians are still clinging to coal; if this doesn’t trigger change, what will?

Statistics + other evidence

Attacks (on government, climate denialists etc.)

Calls to action

Emotive language

Compassionate

There’s been so much damage, and grief is an understandable and necessary response; if we don’t do something now though, how many more years will we have to suffer through the same (if not worse)?

Appeals to sympathy

Anecdotes (especially if you adopt a persona)

Rhetorical questions

Imagery

Assertive

Never before has the community been so united on combating an issue; even international communities are involved; we have to take advantage of how the issue has brought everyone together to enact meaningful, permanent change now.

Inclusive language

Generalisations (ALL Australians want change)

Appeals to community and/or hope, optimism

Repetition/emphasis

These are things you’ll have to think about for your written explanations, and might also help you shape future research if you need to shore up the speech a little more. Something you may consider as well is adopting a persona , that is a character and a context for your speech. You don’t have to, but it may help you get started. It can be hard to just write a speech from scratch, but if you’re the mayor of a township affected by the fires and you’re outlining a course of action, it’ll help with your register and outlook.

Openings in general can be tricky though. Try to avoid stating your event, issue and contention outright—the audience doesn’t need to know that “recently, Australia experienced a horrific bushfire season and I’m going to talk about why now is the time to act on climate change.” They’ll figure it out. Instead, try to start with something that clearly communicates your register and/or persona (if you have one). If you’re a frustrated climate activist, start by illustrating the historical patterns of bushfires getting worse and worse. If you’re a compassionate community-builder, start with anecdotes of the damage. If you’re an assertive leader, explain who you are, what your experience is and how you want to create change. Don’t worry if you feel like the issue won’t be clear enough—again, they’ll figure it out! The opening also sets the bar for formality in your speech, and it’s honestly up to you how formal you’ll want to be. As a rule of thumb, don’t be so formal that you can’t use contractions (such as “you’ll” and “can’t”)—avoid those in essays for sure, but they’re a natural part of speaking and it’ll feel strange if you don’t use them.

I’d also recommend you draft and rehearse in front of others, highlighting areas where you think are the weakest and asking them for specific advice on those sections at the end. Having specific questions to ask, such as “should I include more data/quantitative evidence in x section?” or “is this specific appeal to x obvious enough?”, also means you get better feedback (since these are much easier to answer than “Was that fine?”).

Part Three: Delivering an engaging presentation

(in this section—body language, eye contact, rehearse rehearse rehearse, tone variation).

Most of you probably find this the most daunting part of the SAC—honestly, me too—but this is the part with the most tried-and-tested tips for success.

With regard to body language , stand with your feet shoulder width apart and, more importantly don’t move your legs . Especially if you’re nervous, swaying or shuffling will be noticeable and make you appear more nervous—when you practise, pay attention to the lower half of your body and train it to stay still if possible. That being said, do use your arms for gestures. Those are more natural and will help engage the audience, though don’t overdo it either—usually, holding cue cards in one hand frees up the other but also stops you from going overboard.

And cue cards brig us up to another important consideration— eye contact . Hold cue cards in one hand as high as you can without it feeling uncomfortable. This means you don’t have to take your eyes away from the audience for too long or too noticeably to check your notes.

Of course, knowing your speech better means having to check your notes less frequently. When I did my speech, I’d read it out aloud to myself 3-5 times a day for a week or two in advance, which made me feel like I was going insane but also meant that my speech was basically memorised . The cue cards were there in case of emergency, but I really didn’t need them at all. Absolutely make sure to rehearse your speech. Further, when you rehearse, try to pretend that you’re actually delivering the speech. This means:

looking up ahead
holding the cue cards in the right spot; and
not just reading the words but speaking as if to an audience.

This last point is really important— tone variation might come naturally to some but not to others. I always found that building it into rehearsal helped with getting it consistent and natural. Tone variation involves things like emphasising certain words, using pauses or slowing down for effect, or modifying volume . Incorporating some of these elements—even writing them into your notes by bolding/italicising/underlining—will help you break out of monotony and make the speech more engaging as well. Be sure to emphasise things like emotive language and any evidence you might use to illustrate your arguments. And one last thing— don’t speak too quickly ! Easier said than done, but often the icing on the cake for a speech that is memorable for the right reasons.

Wondering where to go from here? Well, luckily, my eBook, How To Write A Killer Oral Presentation, details my exact step-by-step process so you can get that A+ in your SAC this year.

If you are anything like me, the thought of standing up in front of a classroom, or even a small panel of teachers, having to hold the floor for five minutes, and being assessed on your performance is just about as terrifying as it gets. Where other students thrived on the oral presentation SAC, embracing its change of pace in comparison to the other written tasks, I dreaded it. I knew the feeling all too well: legs jelly-like and quivering, breath short and rapid, palms sweating, tongue uncomfortably heavy as the words tumble out too fast to keep up with…essentially (as I, a true master of the English language, would put it) the absolute worst.

Fast forward to the present day and, I hate to break it to you, I am still not a fan of public speaking. But guess what? I did my oral presentation and I’m still alive to tell the tale. Plus, as a bonus, it did not involve me passing out, and as a double bonus, I still ended up with a great result. So I am here, my fellow members of the ‘Might Go Ahead and Drop Out of VCE so I Don’t Have To Do My Oral’ club, as proof that it can be done and to help you get through it.

What Do We Mean by ‘Overcoming’?

As I have already mentioned, emerging triumphant from your oral does not require you to magically become a public speaking fanatic. Let me manage your expectations right now: that probably isn’t going to happen overnight, and likely never will. But you can still be good at public speaking, perhaps great at it, even if it scares you. Trying to figure out a magical formula of preparation that will have you breezing through the oral in total zen-mode is not only going to waste your time, but will likely also make you more frightened when you realise that you can’t completely shake the nerves. So, by accepting the reality that the fear probably isn’t going to go away any time soon we can start to learn how to manage it, at least succeed in spite of it, and hopefully even use it to our advantage.

Selecting a ‘WOW’ Topic

Arguably the best way to improve the delivery, and overall quality, of your oral presentation is to choose a topic and contention that you actually care about. In our eBook How to Write a Killer Oral Presentation we cite the first pillar of the process as being to choose a ‘WOW’ topic and contention . As Lisa says,

“an inherently interesting topic means that you’ll showcase your opinions in an authentic way, which is incredibly important when it comes to presentation time.”

This becomes particularly significant for someone dealing with a fear of public speaking because of this basic principle: when you care about something it is easier to talk about, even in front of other people. This means that you don’t just need to choose a topic that will engage your audience, but also one that you yourself find engaging.

Fear is an intense emotional response to a situation, and as we know it can easily consume us in the moment. If your oral topic is boring and does not interest you on a personal level then what is going to be the strongest emotion you feel when delivering it? Fear. However, passion is another intense emotional response, and so if you are passionate about the arguments you are making then, although your fear will still be there, you will feel another strong emotion that can balance it out.

So how do you find a contention that you care about? Often the best place to start is to think about the things that affect your life. We know that your topic has to have been in the media since September of last year, but lots of things are on the news and they don’t only matter to the older generations. Think about issues that relate to schools, jobs, climate change, animals, drug-taking, fashion – these are all aspects of our lives that you might be able to form a personal connection to, and that personal connection will help you find the passion you need to get through the speech, and also get through to your audience. Check out our 2021 Oral Presentation Topics for some topic inspiration, and then learn how to create a killer contention here .

More About the Voice, Less About the Words

It is quite likely that if you know you struggle with the delivery of oral presentations, you might try to compensate by overreaching with your script. For someone who feels more comfortable with written assessments, it can be easy to try to make the oral as close to one as possible by writing it almost as you would an essay – using lots of impressive vocabulary, complex sentences and a formal structure. This approach is all well and good until you try to say it all out loud. This isn’t to say that your command of language isn’t important to the oral, but by trying to craft a safety net of eloquent, written words you are simply distracting yourself from what makes this SAC unique; you can’t avoid the fear by avoiding the task altogether. So, you need to write a speech that you can say, not just one that sounds good on paper. Writing with the wrong sense of tone is one of the points we touch on in 5 Common Oral Presentation Mistakes.

During the writing process, you need to make your speech work for you rather than make yourself work for it. This means constantly thinking about what the words will sound like in front of an audience, and not making the performance unnecessarily hard for yourself before you even start practicing. When you’re already nervous about speaking in front of other people, the last thing you want to have to worry about is tripping over difficult language to make convoluted arguments. So, simplicity and punch is always better than verbosity and pretence. Here are some ideas of how to use this strategy:

Make your arguments short, sharp, and to the point. Avoid going off on any tangents, and just stick to the main points you need to get across. You are trying to persuade your audience, not confuse them.
Use a mixture of long and short sentences, because a script that uses varied sentence structures is easier to say out loud without stumbling due to nerves. Short, bold statements are both less prone to being mangled by nerves and more memorable for your listeners – just make sure you don’t only use short sentences and prevent your oral from flowing.
Think about where you can schedule in pauses for emphasis, because these will give you space to stop and catch your breath without revealing your nervousness.
Write like you speak! Of course you want your tone to be assertive and intelligent, but it is possible to maintain this whilst also incorporating some relaxed language. You are allowed to use the first person in this task, so take the opportunity to personalise what you say, which will help you appear more comfortable and also form a personal connection with your audience. Remember that an oral is essentially a conversation with your audience, even if they don’t get to speak back, and this means that as long as you don’t use slang you can have some fun with your delivery.
Don’t rely on an essay-like structure. Your audience won’t know when a paragraph ends, so the way the script looks on the page is largely irrelevant. Make it easy for yourself to follow.

Remember, when you struggle with a fear of public speaking it is difficult to make what you say in the spotlight sound natural. To overcome this, you want to prepare yourself to almost sound unscripted (as ironic as that sounds). Without slipping into an overly casual or informal voice, it is best if you sound comfortable and relaxed when addressing your audience. This is of course the exact opposite of how you might feel going into the assessment, so you write a speech that will make you seem like you aren’t worried about passing out. The ancient adage ‘fake it ‘til you make it baby’ definitely rings true here. However, that said, really believing what you are saying and caring that the audience believes it too, as we advised earlier, will also help you avoid sounding forced and uncomfortable.

Preparation and Memorisation

Another mistake often made when attempting to compensate for a fear of public speaking is to rely too heavily on cue cards in the oral. Having your entire speech on hand when you complete the assessment just in case you get lost might seem like a good idea, but it is most likely actually going to hold you back from giving your best performance. Ideally, you want to have done enough preparation so that you do not need to look at your notes at all. As we discussed earlier, having a script that is as simple as possible, and that mimics your speech patterns, will help you sound less fearful – and will also be easier to memorise.

Memorise your speech by practicing it as much as possible. Make sure to get your script written as far in advance as you can, so you have plenty of time to practice without stressing yourself out further. When you do practice, do so standing up, envision an audience in front of you (or practice in front of friends or family), and rehearse how you might move around the space as you talk. You can start by having your whole script with you, but eventually you should work up to only needing a few dot points for each section that can jog your memory if you forget. This strategy might seem to make the speech even scarier, but in reality not reading off a script will help you relax into the performance, and allow you to focus on your movements and voice. Practicing enough to have the speech memorised will also help build your confidence.

Making the Most of Your Nerves

As much as I would love to tell you that you can be ‘cured’ of your fear of public speaking, it is best to accept that the nerves are going to be there and learn how to succeed in tandem with them, rather than just hoping that they go away. Instead of being convinced that fear is going to be your downfall, try to think about how, as impossible as it sounds, you can use the nerves to your advantage. Apart from making you jittery and uncomfortable, nerves also boost your energy and adrenaline, and with the right attitude you can turn this energy into confidence. Instead of letting your nerves cause you to close up, you can use them to help you open up. Often those of us who fear feeling exposed in front of a crowd have quiet, reserved personalities that we might think of as preventing us from being able to perform. However, when our bodies are flooded with nerves this ‘wired’ feeling can be used to help us project our voices and to take up space, therefore driving us to appear more outgoing. Instead of just making you feel ‘on edge’, a manageable amount of nervous energy can give you an edge that will amp up your performance.

Even if all of this sounds completely different to your experience of fear, what I am trying to communicate is that the way you frame the oral, and the nerves that come with it, in your mind makes all the difference. If you convince yourself that you are too scared of public speaking to ever succeed with this task, you are severely limiting your chances of achieving a positive outcome. So, focussing on retraining your mindset in the lead up to delivering your speech is very important. Try not to think of this one assessment task as being a make or break five minutes, and instead view it as a learning experience that you can use to your advantage. After all, public speaking is something most of us will have to deal with multiple times over the course of our lives, so you may as well work on getting better at it. That said, my number one piece of advice about the oral presentation is to…*drumroll please*...not take it too seriously! This might sound unrealistic, and I am definitely not telling you to put in less effort, but the more pressure you put on yourself the more nervous you are going to be. Choose a topic that interests you, believe in your contention, make use of humour and personal anecdotes, and just have fun with what you say! Your fear is probably going to be your biggest obstacle, so make it as easy as you can on yourself and the rest should fall into place…as long as you put in the work.

Finally, our Ultimate Guide to Oral Presentations is a must-read for anybody who is doing an Oral Presentation!

Introduction

Choosing an Oral Presentation topic can be tough. Finding an idea that’s unique, relevant and interesting all at once can sometimes feel impossible; but don’t worry, this is where we come in! Below is a list of 12 potential Oral Presentation topics for you to draw inspiration from, selected in reference to the VCE assessment criteria .

Remember, this blog is not a resource to give you a finished speech idea , these are just jumping-off points. Plagiarism is very harshly punished in VCE and many other students will currently be reading this very same post, meaning it's up to YOU to figure out how you’ll form a unique angle if you pick one of these topics. To help you do this, each section provides an overview of the cultural events that make this topic relevant. Additionally, possible contentions are included, ensuring you can see how arguments about these topics can be effectively made.

1. Kanye’s blow-up - The necessity of the media to stop platforming celebrities spreading harmful ideas

American rapper Kanye West has always been a controversial figure, but since his endorsement of Trump in 2016 he’s seemingly been on a particularly bad downward spiral. His descent into increasingly more extremist right-wing politics has led to the question of whether the news media, detached and neutral as they might claim to be, should even be reporting on him.

As of writing (late 2022), Kanye’s recent appearances on far-right talk shows to voice support for Hitler and question the existence of the Holocaust (which has no doubt been topped by something equally controversial by the time this gets published) pushes this question right to its limit.

Events like this are undoubtedly big stories that many people would like to know about, but does reporting on them do more harm than good? Do we realistically all have the self-control to ignore these figures when so much of modern news already revolves around controversy and gossip? Possible Contentions:

Major media companies should reach an agreement to actively avoid covering celebrity behaviour that spreads dangerous ideas.
News media should make an extra effort to disprove the dangerous ideologies of those they cover, rather than presenting them in a ‘neutral way’.

2. Amber Heard - How online discourse can villainise marginalised groups and encourage ‘dogpiling’

A similar celebrity controversy that dominated 2022 headlines was the two-way public defamation lawsuit between actors Johnny Depp and Amber Heard, which involved accusations of abuse on both sides. One of the most notable parts of this case was the online depiction of Heard, on social media platforms such as Facebook and Youtube.

Heard emerged as the internet’s new favourite punching bag, with an endless stream of videos and memes where her ‘ allegations of domestic violence and sexual assault were mocked for entertainment ’. Crucially, these were made to criticise her in a way that most clearly mirrored historical sexist stereotypes about emotionally manipulative women. You probably came across examples of these yourself, as platforms like Youtube have a history of directing users to this kind of content.

As such, key issues were identified in terms of how social media warps online discussions of allegations of abuse. Additionally, like the last topic, the very fact that this legal dispute was publicly broadcast raises questions as to whether the media’s focus on this event may have worsened the issue.

Possible Contentions:

Personal legal proceedings between celebrities are not something that should be broadcast to the public.
The online discussion regarding this trial demonstrates the need for increased regulation of hateful and abusive content on social media platforms.

3. Should Australia be made a republic in the wake of the Queen’s death?

The death of Queen Elizabeth II in September of 2022, among many other things, drew Australia back into a debate it's been having for decades; should we become a republic? This would be a shift from our current state of (effectively) being overseen by the United Kingdom as a ‘constitutional parliamentary monarchy’, with the ‘head of state’ now being an Australian citizen rather than the UK monarch.

Although the replacement of the Queen with the new head of state (King Charles III) shouldn’t really shift people’s perspective on this issue, it most likely will. Queen Elizabeth has been the welcoming and approachable symbol of the monarchy for many Australians. Her death could be the catalyst for a shift in public opinion, severing the connection that many citizens still had to the UK monarchy.

This issue can be approached from many different angles, inducing discussion on HOW the process of Australia becoming a republic should occur (especially how the new head of state should be chosen), as well as stepping back and assessing the positives and negatives of making this shift.

Australia’s transition to a republic is a necessary step in helping honour the country’s Indigenous population and rejecting its colonial past
Australia’s transition to a republic, although often framed as an act of national unity, will actually worsen the cultural divides within our country.
Although Australia should transition to a republic, the current rise of nationalist politics makes a public election of the new head of state extremely risky.

4. Are NFTs a positive advancement in contemporary technology?

Whether or not you understand what it actually means, the phrase ‘NFTs’ has probably been inescapable on your social media feeds over the last year. Without getting too detailed, these ‘Non-Fungible Tokens’ are essentially investments into non-replicable representations of artwork , which will (supposedly) increase in value over time.

Despite seemingly being an exciting new technology that could have given control back to artists through copyright ownership, NFTs have instead been heavily criticised for commercialising artwork by reducing it to a literal piece of digital currency. Further issues have arisen in terms of how this technology can easily be used to scam people through misrepresenting the value of individual NFTs, or NFT owners simply taking the money and running.

What do you think? All new technology seems shaky and uncertain at the start, and maybe we should recognise that the current negative impacts of NFTs must simply be overcome with time. How do we weigh the benefit this technology has for individual artists against its potential drawbacks?

For their many flaws, NFTs give the power back to creators and, therefore, need to be improved rather than roundly rejected.
Despite preaching democratisation, NFTs and Bitcoin are both a part of a technological trend that will further increase wealth inequality.

5. How much can Western citizens really do to fight injustice via social media activism?

The effect of the COVID pandemic on developing countries, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and human rights abuses by the nation of Qatar - this year has seen an innumerable number of news stories that would make any reasonable person jump to their phones to see what they could do to help, like signing an online petition or sharing a public post to spread awareness.

However, as you probably know, these forms of social media 'slacktivism’ have historically drawn criticism for their ineffectiveness and self-serving nature. Increasingly though, this debate has become more complicated, moving away from the simplified dismissal of any social media activism that emerged around the turn of the century . Others have rightly pointed out that many influential contemporary social movements, that have had real-world impacts, did emerge from social media, such as the BLM and #MeToo movements.

As such, there’s a lot of room for different arguments here regarding whether a critical perspective of ‘social media slacktivism’ has become outdated in a world that is increasingly unavoidably based on the internet.

Social media activism is unavoidably the way that young people are going to engage with political issues, and a rejection of it is naive and impractical.
Political activism should distance itself from the online world if it wants to make real-world change that doesn’t fit neatly under existing power structures.

6. Is the overload of various media streaming service subscriptions sustainable?

‘Streaming fatigue’ has emerged as a 2023 talking point that may have seemed unthinkable just a few years ago. Remember when we just had Netflix offering us a new way of consuming film and TV that was both more convenient and cost-effective than ‘pay TV’ packages (which were often heavily inflated in price and packed with unwanted channels )?

However, as we move into 2023, many have argued that the current subscription landscape now mirrors the previous pay-TV model. Consumers once again find themselves having to pay for an increasingly large amount of services if they want to conveniently access their film and TV shows. Predictably, this has seen a re-emergence of video piracy .

Does this mean that it's fundamentally impossible for us to access our media as conveniently as we’d like to, and the years of Netflix being the only streaming service that had all we wanted were never sustainable? Or maybe corporations are unfairly squeezing every dollar they can out of us, and piracy is a fair and just consumer response?

Through offering convenience that is unparalleled by any other previous technology, streaming services are still worth the cost.
Consumers should actively engage in digital piracy until media corporations create a more affordable streaming environment.

7. Is a post-COVID work-at-home model healthy for the next generation of workers?

Although 2020 and 2021 may be remembered as the ‘years of COVID’, 2022 onwards is perhaps when we will see which long-term impacts of the pandemic continue to stick around. Aside from the permanent placement of public hand sanitiser stations, working from home has emerged as one of the most prominent main-stays from our lockdown years.

Is this something that we should embrace? A lot was said during the lockdown about the mental health effects of being deprived of human connection; is this something we should just forget about when it comes to work? As with many of these issues, the question arises as to whether this shift is an inevitable effect of technological advancement, which we can either accept or fruitlessly battle until it becomes the new normal.

However, the fact that this ‘work from home’ dynamic only emerged due to a pandemic complicates this idea, making it possible that we may have accidentally all become accustomed to a new economic model of work that we would be better off without.

Possible Contentions:

We must actively push back against the ‘work from home’ model; if we don’t, we will suffer both mentally and financially into the future.
Working from home is a win-win; it's more convenient and cost-effective for both employer and employee.

8. How can gentrified and aestheticised versions of social movements be avoided?

I wonder whether you saw the Indigenous name for Victoria’s capital city (Naarm) appear more frequently on your social media feeds this year, with people adding it to their Instagram bios or referring to it on TikTok? What started as a conscious choice to respectfully refer to the city by its original Indigenous name quickly became criticised as a trendy aesthetic for outwardly progressive white Victorians, with terms like ‘naarm-core’ becoming short-hand for a specific kind of trendy fashion that was ‘ devoid of any ties to First Nations people ’.

‘Naarm-core’, therefore, stands as another example of a movement that may have started with admirable aims, but was drowned out by those who just wanted the social benefits of participating in progressive politics. Think of the recent similar debates about ‘rainbow capitalism’, with similar criticisms being made of brands that co-opt progressive concepts like LGBQTI+ identity purely for social (and financial) capital. The question naturally emerges as to how we can avoid this for future political movements.

Or maybe you disagree with all these critiques? Political discussion moves so fast these days that it can feel like people are in such a rush to criticise things that they miss actual progress being made. After all, the use of the term ‘Naarm’ to refer to Melbourne was undeniably popularised on the back of this trend.

‍ Possible Contentions:

The criticism of political movements that deal with race being tokenised by white people can only be solved by allowing people of colour at the centre of these movements.
People are too cynical about social movements and trends; virality and popularity, despite ‘inauthentic intentions’, often do more good than harm.

9. How can the highly polarised discussion concerning COVID vaccines become more productive?

Another thing you may have witnessed from living in a post-COVID world is an increase in how divided simple issues seem to make us. Ever tried to convince a relative or friend that, no, in fact, vaccines are not designed to implant us with microchips - seems impossible right?

For many people, the pandemic was a tipping point into full-blown conspiracy communities, meaning people are increasingly able to exist within their own social-media realities that don’t need to be bound to scientific truth or objective fact. This all creates a division between those with different beliefs that is somehow wider than before, where we can’t even agree on simple statements of truth.

The debate around what to do about this deals with questions of human psychology, social media (again), but also freedom of speech. Should spreading (potentially dangerous) false information that conflicts with scientific consensus be allowed on social media? Most importantly, how do we encourage actual communication between different sides?

Possible contentions:

Talking in person is the only way for people with vastly different beliefs to find common ground.
Those spreading dishonest and dangerous conspiracy theories about public health cannot be reasoned with, and need to be actively shut down wherever they appear.

10. With the infamous Oscar slap, what ‘consequences’ should comedians and satirists face for what they say?

Here’s a news story that you’re probably tired of hearing about! Actor Will Smith’s act of violence against Oscar host and comedian Chris Rock for a joke about his wife’s alopecia (hair loss) caused many different conversations to happen at once; about toxic masculinity, celebrity culture, violence as a spectacle. These are all totally valid angles for your Oral Presentation, but let’s focus on maybe the most common debate; did Chris Rock deserve this?

Functioning as a comedian hosting an awards night, Rock’s job was to poke fun at everyone participating, and these sorts of roles have often involved controversial comments and jokes . Does this mean they have immunity from any consequences for their words though? What should these consequences look like? And, if we excuse smaller acts of violence, what does that normalise?

The 2015 terrorist shooting of the staff of satirical French magazine ‘Charlie Hebdo’ for their depiction of the Islamic prophet may seem a world away from Will Smith’s slap, but some may argue that this is the logical end-point for a world that believes physical violence is the way to deal with jokes people don’t like.

The idea of comedians actually being threatened by violence is overblown; the slap was an isolated incident.
Protecting the safety of those who make controversial jokes is paramount to maintaining freedom of speech.

11. With Optus and Telstra’s recent data breaches, is placing all our valuable personal information in virtual spaces sustainably safe?

This year saw a record-level data breach from one of Australia’s leading telecommunications companies, Optus. The personal details of almost 10 million customers were given to the hackers.

Then, two weeks later, a similar data breach happened at Telstra. Yes, this time, no customer information was leaked, but information on the company’s employees was again released.

All of this may disturb the image we all have in our heads of online databases as relatively unbreachable, locked away behind thousands of firewalls somewhere in the cloud. In fact, much of modern society operates on this assumption. Maybe you’ve added your credit card details to your Chrome tab because it makes online purchases easier? This convenience comes with the implicit assumption that online personal info is pretty much always safe when protected by a big tech company, but these events arguably prove otherwise.

Cyberattacks are ‘ increasing as a threat ’, yet danger for the sake of convenience is something that all of us deal with. Maybe you think there are degrees to this; should we draw a line at information that can cause us legitimate harm if given to a malicious party?

Our society is already too technologically dependent to try and ‘go offline’ for the sake of data safety.
Valuables of any kind are always going to run the risk of being stolen, and digital piracy is no different.

12. What is the role of Western countries in resisting the unlawful Russian invasion of Ukraine?

As already mentioned, the Russian invasion of Ukraine was one of the biggest news stories of 2022. Putin’s unlawful decision to attack the country’s capital in February of 2022 has left more than 10,000 people dead and millions displaced from their homes. Virtually all world leaders condemned this act immediately. Yet, almost a year later, the war continues, and documented war crimes occur on Ukrainian soil.

Thinking larger than just social media, the question of what can actually be done to help by the countries who condemn this war has naturally emerged. Many nations have supported Ukraine financially, including the US giving nearly $20 billion . Some may argue that this is not nearly far enough, and that all world powers have a responsibility to wage direct war against Russia in support of Ukraine. Naturally though, many are strongly against Western intervention in this form, believing that countries like the US should not see themselves as all-knowing powers that can intervene in other nations based on their ideological beliefs.

‍ Possible Contentions:

Any attempt to guilt individual citizens about their need to ‘do something about Ukraine’ is completely unfair; the responsibility for any meaningful action is entirely on the government.
The West, particularly the US, has a long history of militarily invading smaller nations for their own purposes; their condemnation of the Russians is hypocritical.

If you haven’t already done so, check out our Ultimate Guide to Oral Presentations for some general tips and tricks to get you started!

Written by Milo Burgner

Don't forget to also check out Our Ultimate Guide to Oral Presentations for everything you need to know for Oral Presentations.

Since September 2014, the current affairs has been raging with numerous controversial topics – perfect for your oral presentation! Here are some of the more interesting issues that would be a good starting point for your oral. Remember to offer an interesting and unique argument, even if it may mean adopting the unconventional or unpopular point of view on the issue!

Should medicinal cannabis be legalised in Australia?
Should US anti-vaccination campaigner Sherri Tenpenny be allowed to give talks in Australia?
Should children be vaccinated?
Should ‘pick-up artist’ Julien Blanc have been banned from visiting Australia?
Is social media negatively impacting on student studies?
Should women be allowed to breastfeed in public?
Should we have more stringent surrogacy laws?
Should music be free?
Freezing women’s eggs
Sexualisation of women in the media
The media’s portrayal of ‘terrorism’
Islamophobia
Freedom of speech (Charlie Hebdo)
Doctor co-payments
Gender equality
University deregulation
Creativity in schools
Should children be allowed to roam unsupervised by their parents?
Should VCE English be compulsory?
See Oral Presentation Issues in 2014 for other ongoing issues

[Video Transcription]

You’ll often find that study guides begin with a section on historical context. Even though it might be tempting to skip over this section, there’s a lot you can take away from understanding the period of time in which your texts are set in. I’ll show you how with examples for both Ransom and The Queen in this video.

Let’s start with a brief overview of why you need to know the historical context. Context, a topic explored in detail in our How To Write A Killer Text Response , plummets you back to the era of when your texts were set. You effectively ‘step into the shoes’ of the people living in that time, and in doing so, gain a better understanding of their views and values. People’s views and values are often shaped by important events of the time, social culture and norms, and everyday experiences. For example, think about your own context. You’re part of Generation Z, and one defining part of a Gen Z experience is growing up with technology from a young age. Social media is just normality, pretty much everyone has it, uses it as a source of online communication. So how does this shape your views and values? By having access to online information in this way, Gen Zers tend to be more passionate about social issues, because people of this age can leverage social media to voice their opinions or follow those who resonate with them. Only 20 years or so ago, we only had giant media that voiced their own opinions via newspapers or TV. You didn’t have such a wide array of voices from people of different races or experiences. Think about the recent death of George Floyd, and the incredible ripple effect his death had on the world and the power of social media in the Black Lives Matter movement.

So looking at The Queen and Ransom , we want to dive right into their respective eras and understand how people thought and felt during these time periods. This helps us better understand what the messages Frears and Malouf are trying to tell or teach us through their works, enabling you to write better essays. Let’s start with The Queen.

The 1980s to 1990s was a time when the world was enamoured by the Princess of Wales (or Diana, as we’ll call her). Her shyness, broken family history, ongoing charitable efforts, and iconic fashion choices made her a royal favourite. She was dubbed the ‘People’s Princess’ not only because of her relatability but also because of her tenuous relationship with the royal family. She’d been wronged by the royal family; first by Prince Charles’ affair with Camilla, then with the lack of support from the Queen when she asked for marriage advice.

At the time, public opinion of the royal family was greatly influenced by tabloid papers - after all, there was no Instagram for the royals to tell their own story. After an estimated 750 million people tuned in to watch Diana’s wedding to Charles, paparazzi began documenting her every move. Princess Diana became the most photographed person in the world, with paparazzi offered up to £500,000 for even grainy pictures of her (that’s equivalent to $1.5 million AUD today!). In the competitive fight to snap the most profitable photos of Diana, the paparazzi invaded her most private moments, taking shots of her kissing Dodi Al Fayed while on holidays, and sunbathing topless at her hotel in Spain. Diana’s despair and requests to be left alone remained unanswered, so when the paparazzi chased her to her death in 1997, the public response was emphatic .

The public turned against Britain's press and photographers, and the overwhelming outpour of grief is a testament to the injustice the public felt on behalf of Diana. To add insult to injury, the monarchy’s initial reticent response was deemed inadequate, negatively shifting the public’s attitude or ‘mood’ - a term we often hear in the film - towards the royals. The monarchy needs to stay in the public’s favour, lest the end of the institution.

That’s why The Queen is a film about change on several fronts, the first dynamic response from the public, The Queen abandoning royal tradition and acquiescing to public demand, and how all this happens within months of Tony Blair’s new premiership .

With this, you can understand why change is one of the biggest themes discussed when comparing these two texts. Let’s look at Ransom.

Moving back a further 3000 years earlier than The Queen , Ransom is a retelling the Trojan War, one of the most famous events in Greek mythology. To truly understand random, you must first familiarise yourself with Greek mythology, the Trojan War, and The Iliad. We’ll have a look at these three as if they’re matryoshka dolls (where dolls of decreasing size are place done inside another):

The biggest doll: Greek mythology

We’ll start with Greek mythology since it’s the umbrella knowledge you need to know before understanding the Trojan War and The Iliad . Essentially a collection of stories about gods, heroes and other creatures, Greek mythology was used by ancient Greeks to explain the existence of the world. Without the scientific developments we’ve discovered to date, ancient Greeks attempted to explain the creation of the earth, human behaviour, death and love through their mythical stories. Notice how the gods (Iris, Hermes) appear when Priam needs help and advice throughout Ransom.

The reason why Greek mythology is still prevalent in modern society is that the lessons taught in these stories are still applicable today as they depict universal truths about human qualities such as our strengths and flaws. Without you even realising it, our world today is filled with references to Greek mythology. Take, for example, Pandora , (the jewellery company that sells little charms you need to buy separately to make up a bracelet), whose namesake comes from the myth about Pandora’s box (basically, Pandora’s unchecked curiosity led her to open a forbidden box, releasing all illnesses and death into the world - side note, could we blame Pandora for COVID-19 then? Just kidding). Or take the first God of War game , which follows the story of Kratos whose ability to be a loving father is overpowered by his anger and desire for vengeance. Interestingly, the tale of Pandora’s box also is featured in this game.

Luckily for you though, you don’t have to be an expert in all Greek mythology, but you should probably have a good gist of the Trojan War.

The middle doll: The Trojan War

Now we narrow things down to one of the most legendary Greek myths - the Trojan War. This war might be familiar to you because it is the backdrop and context for Malouf’s Ransom .

The myth begins with Zeus , the father of all gods, and his brother Poseidon lusting after the goddess of water, Thetis . However, they are warned by Prometheus , an intelligent mortal - better known for being chained to a rock as a result of stealing Zeus’ fire - that Thetis would give birth to a son who would be mightier than his father. Alarmed at this possibility, the two gods arrange for Thetis to marry Peleus, a mortal. Since humans were believed to be inferior to gods, this ensured that Thetis’ child would be a mere mortal, rendering the prophecy redundant.

Any potential issues appeared resolved until the gods omitted Eris , the goddess of discord from Thetis and Peleus’ wedding invitation list. Furious at this insult, Eris arrives at the wedding with her own plans. She inscribes a golden apple with the words, ‘To The Fairest’ and throws it amongst the guests. Naturally, all goddesses want to claim the prize. Eventually, the choice is narrowed down to three of the most beautiful goddesses: Aphrodite , Athena and Hera . Unable to reach a decision, they turned to Zeus to judge who should win the title. However, Zeus refuses to do so and instead, elects a mortal with good judgment of beauty to make the choice. This mortal is Paris, Prince of Troy and whose birth produced a prophecy that he would one day bring misfortune to his people and town.

The three goddesses approach Paris with not only their beauty but also bribes. Hera offers him power and control over Europe and Asia, Athena promises that she will make him a great warrior while Aphrodite proposes to him the most beautiful woman on earth. Since Paris is more interested in women than power and war, he awards Aphrodite with the golden apple. With this exchange sealed, the beginning of Troy’s troubles begin as the most beautiful woman on earth, Helen is already married to Menelaus, king of Sparta.

After a diplomatic mission to Sparta, Paris elopes with Helen, who falls in love with Paris upon their first encounter (literature concerning this part of the story remains ambiguous). Upon discovering Paris’ betrayal, Menelaus calls on Helen’s many suitors to invade Troy and retrieve his wife. His brother, Agamemnon recruits and leads the Greek army into battle against the city of Troy, and thus begins the Trojan War.

And finally, the baby doll: The Iliad

Homer’s The Iliad is a poem that begins ten years into the Trojan War. By now, Thetis, the goddess who had married Peleus, has given birth to their mortal son Achilles , the mightiest of all Greeks, as predicted by the prophecy (Achilles should definitely be familiar to you because he’s the main character in Ransom !). Although he is a fighter for Agamemnon, their relationship is strained after Agamemnon demands that Achilles give up his beloved war prize, Briseis . Since Agamemnon desires Briseis for himself, this enrages Achilles to the point where he refuses to fight in the Trojan War. This leads to dire consequences for the Greeks as they lose many men in battle and are forced to retreat to their ships after the Trojans successfully turn the tide of the battle.

Concerned for his Myrmidons (a group of the strongest and skilled warriors who fight for Achilles) yet too proud to budge from his position, Achilles is persuaded to allow his close friend and comrade Patroclus, to wear Achilles’ renowned armour and lead his Myrmidons into battle (ah, we’re starting to see even stronger connections to Ransom now). This strategy is designed to rouse fear in the Trojans and cause them to temporarily retreat - enough time to allow the Greeks to rest and recover - as they’d see ‘Achilles’ back in battle.

Despite Patroclus’ skills as a soldier, Achilles insists that Patroclus only fight until the Greeks can successfully fend off the Trojans away from their ships. During the fight, however, Patroclus disobeys Achilles’ orders and continues to pursue the Trojans back to their gates. At this point, he encounters and is killed by Hector, the prince of Troy and leader of the Trojan army.

Fuelled with rage and grief over Patroclus’ death, Achilles agrees to fight once again for the Greek army, much to Agamemnon’s pleasure. In their next battle, Achilles kills many warriors and the Trojans are forced to retreat back to the safety of their walls. Hector, against the will of his family, faces Achilles alone outside the walls of his home, knowing that Achilles is on a path to avenge Patroclus’s death. In a fierce battle between the two greatest Trojan war warriors, Hector was killed. Achilles takes Hector’s body with him and dishonours it day after day by chaining it to a chariot and dragging it along the walls of Troy. Malouf begins the Ransom story here. The gods agree that this blasphemous behaviour cannot continue and send the god Hermes to guide king Priam, father of Hector to the Greek camp. Once in their camp, Priam falls to his knees and pleads Achilles for the body of his son. Touched by the king’s words, Achilles relents, allowing Priam to finally hold a proper burial for Hector.

Appreciating the differences between The Iliad and Ransom storyline will lead to a better understanding of the themes and symbols in Ransom .

One of the main differences between the two texts is their depiction of Priam’s journey to Achilles . In The Iliad , this journey is explored only momentarily and focuses more on the presence of Hermes. The inclusion of the new character Somax in Ransom also offers a new perspective on this old tale. While The Iliad only touches upon Achilles’ and Priam’s suffering, Malouf delves into the emotional journey that the characters undergo during the darkest episode in the Trojan War.

That’s why the themes of grief , loss and death should be quite prominent in your comparison between Ransom and The Queen along with the importance of stories and storytelling.

In my new study guide Ransom and The Queen , I show you how you can use your knowledge you’ve learned there to write A+ essays. Take a look at our study guide below!

Additional resources for Ransom and The Queen

A Killer Comparative Guide: Ransom and The Queen

[Video] Ransom and The Queen (Themes, Film Techniques, Literary Devices)

How to Write a Killer Comparative Ebook

Ransom Study Guide

[Video] Ransom Themes (Revenge, Grief, Forgiveness and Essay Topics)

EXECUTE is the writing component that ticks off the English criteria so that your teacher is wowed by your essay and wished it was longer. So, what are these criteria points? Each school may express these points differently, however at the end of the day, teachers and examiners are all looking for the same thing:

An understanding of social, cultural or religious background in the text and how that shapes the themes, ideas, and characters. Without a clear understanding of the context of your text, you cannot fully comprehend the views and values of the author, nor the overall meaning of a text.

For example, Austen was hunched over her small writing desk in the village of Chawton during England’s Georgian era as she wrote Persuasion. You are more likely reading it in a cozy bed, listening to Taylor Swift and half considering what you’re going to watch on Netflix later. Remember, your current social and cultural context can have a great influence on how you read a text, so it’s always important to imagine the author’s own context – whether this be very similar, or very different from the context of their text. It’s as easy as a Google search!

✔️Views and values

An understanding of the author's message and purpose.

Writers use literature to criticise or endorse social conditions, expressing their own opinions and viewpoints of the world they live in. It is important to remember that each piece of literature is a deliberate construction. Every decision a writer makes reflects their views and values about their culture, morality, politics, gender, class, history or religion. This is implicit within the style and content of the text, rather than in overt statements. This means that the writer’s views and values are always open to interpretation, and possibly even controversial. This is what you (as an astute English student) must do – interpret the relationship between your text and the ideas it explores and examines, endorses or challenges in the writer’s society.

✔️Different interpretations by different readers

An understanding of how different readers and develop different interpretations, and how this changes an author's message.

Like our example using Austen vs. you as a modern reader above, the way you interpret an idea or view a character can change based on your unique views and values.

✔️Metalanguage

An understanding of how author's constructs their text through specific choices in words.

For example, the use of the word 'bright' vs. 'dull' to describe a landscape is intended to effect the way you perceive particular ideas or characters in a text.

A high-graded English essay will cover all of these points without fail. If you're unfamiliar with any of these, you are missing out on ways to differentiate yourself from other students. At the end of the day, there are only so many themes and characters to discuss, so you need to find unique angles to discuss these themes and characters. This will help your essay move from generic to original (yeah boy!).

If you're interested, How To Write a Killer Text Response ebook shows you the inner workings of my brain 💭- what I think when I see an essay topic, how I tackle it, and how I turn these thoughts into a high-scoring essay. The ebook includes:

‍ - 50-pages teaching you how to respond to ANY essay topic

- Examples from 15+ popular VCE English texts

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Click here to access the FULL version now!

Have a go at analysing it yourself first, then see how I've interpreted the article below! For a detailed guide on Language Analysis including how to prepare for your SAC and exam, check out our Ultimate Guide to VCE Language Analysis .

Information

Author: Professor Chris Lee

Type of article: Speech

Publisher: None

Date of publication: 25 – 27th October, 2010

Contention: We, as humans must consider our impact on biodiversity and take action to change our lifestyles before we damage the world beyond repair.

Number of article(s): 1

Number of image(s): 2

Source: VCAA website

Note: Persuasive techniques can be interpreted in many ways. The examples given below are not the single correct answer. Only a selected number of persuasive techniques have been identified in this guide.

Taking Stock Analysis

Persuasive technique: Reputable Source

Example: ‘United Nations stated: “It is a celebration of life on earth and of the value of biodiversity in our lives. The world is invited to take action in 2010 to safeguard the variety of life on earth: biodiversity”.’

Analysis: The use of a reputable source indicates that 1) the author has done his research and is therefore credible, 2) his opinion is supported by an expert group, thus strengthening his reasoning and opinion in regards to biodiversity.

Persuasive technique: Rhetorical questions

Example: ‘Has this been a year of celebration of life on earth? Has this, in fact, been a year of action?’

Analysis: The use of rhetorical questions aims to portray to listeners that the answer is obvious, that humans have not done enough to help biodiversity. As a result, listeners are manipulated into agreeing with the author since if they were to refute the answer; it will appear as though they are nonsensical.

Persuasive technique: Personal approach

Example: ‘It is with great pleasure – though not without a tinge of sadness’

Analysis: By introducing himself with ‘it is with great pleasure’, listeners are invited to reciprocate the feeling of welcome for Lee and hence be open to his opinion. His subsequent, ‘though not without a tinge of sadness’ suggests to listeners that he is disappointed with the current state of biodiversity, which may persuade listeners to feel as though they should help fix the situation.

Persuasive technique: Statistics

Example: ‘35% of mangroves, 40% of forests and 50% of wetlands.’

Analysis: The incorporation of the apparently reliable and credible statistics testifies for Lee’s opinion and thus may persuade listeners to believe that it is indeed, ‘too late for [species]’.

Persuasive technique: Appeal to sense of guilt

Example: ‘Due to our own thoughtless human actions, species are being lost at a rate that is estimated to be up to 100 times the natural rate of extinction.’

Analysis: Since the destruction of biodiversity is ‘due to our own thoughtless human actions’, Lee aims to incite a sense of guilt as listeners appear to be selfish, which may urge them to agree that they need to cease being inconsiderate and do more to improve biodiversity.

Persuasive technique: Appeal to humanity

Example: ‘Reversing this negative trend is not only possible, but essential to human wellbeing.’

Analysis: The appeal to humanity, ‘essential to human wellbeing’ encourages listeners to support Lee since it is our instinctive for humans to nurture ourselves and others.

Persuasive technique: Appeal to sense of pride

Example: ‘We are, in truth, the most educated generation of any to date. We have no excuse for inaction.’

Analysis: Through the appeal to a sense of pride, Lee aims to coax listeners into believing that they have ‘no excuse for inaction’ since only those who are ‘intelligent’ would understand and agree with his stance.

Persuasive technique: Attack on the listener

Example: ‘YOUR country – actually done since 2002 to contribute to the achievement of our goals?’

Analysis: The attack aims to leave listeners in a state of vulnerability since it is clear that many have failed to ‘achieve…[the] goals’. Once in this state, listeners may be more inclined to accept Lee’s stance.

Persuasive technique: Appeal for sympathy

Example: ‘Biodiversity loss undermines the food security, nutrition and health of the rural poor and even increases their vulnerability. ‘

Analysis: Though the reference to ‘the rural poor,’ Lee aims to appeal to listeners’ sympathy and may invite support since it is instinctive to wish for the best for humanity, rather than to see the poor experience a lack of ‘food security, nutrition and health.’

Persuasive technique: Appeal to pride

Example: ‘As leaders in the area of biodiversity’

Analysis: The appeal to pride through positioning listeners as ‘leaders’ invites support since it is innate for humans to wish to be thought of as a person who is respected and powerful.

Persuasive technique: Inclusive Language

Example: ‘we know what damage our lifestyle is doing to our world’

Analysis: The use of inclusive language aims to involve listeners with the issue, thus encouraging support since listeners may feel responsible for the future outcome of biodiversity.

Persuasive technique: Appeal to sense of urgency

Example: ‘The time for talk is over: now, truly, is the time for serious action.

Analysis: By appealing to a sense of urgency, Lee aims to urge listeners to take responsibility since it appears as though the damage to biodiversity will be too late if we fail to take ‘serious action…now.’

Persuasive technique: A sense of responsibility

Example: 2010 with outlines of nature

Analysis: The incorporation of a background of ‘2010’ with outlines of animals, plants and humans aims to demonstrate to listeners that earth is shared by all species, with none dominating another in an attempt to gain listeners’ sense of responsibility since they are part of the biodiversity issue, yet can also be the solution to the problem.

Persuasive technique: Pun

Example: ‘Taking Stock’

Analysis: The first meaning used for the pun suggests to listeners that they need to ‘take stock’ or in other words, scrutinise the dire situation of biodiversity in call for much needed attention to the issue. Through referring to the second meaning of ‘stock’ as animals, Lee intends to appeal to a sense of guilt since he projects the idea that humans are cruelly annihilating the environment by ‘taking’ whatever ‘stock’ for their own self-centered purposes.

Persuasive technique: Appeal to responsibility

Example: ‘earth is in our hands’

Analysis: By placing the ‘earth…in our hands,’ Lee aims to urge a sense of responsibility on behalf of the listeners which in turn, may cause them to agree with the notion to take ‘serious action’ in the name of biodiversity.

Persuasive technique: Use of reputable source

Example: ‘Biodiversity is the greatest treasure we have . . . Its diminishment is to be prevented at all costs. Thomas Eisner’

Analysis: The reference to ecologist, Thomas Eisner attempts to persuade listeners to support Lee since experts in the field of biodiversity recommend that the earth needs to be cherished.

Tracks and Into The Wild are studied as part of VCE English's Comparative. For one of most popular posts on Comparative (also known as Reading and Comparing), check out our Ultimate Guide to VCE Comparative.

INTRODUCTIONS

Into the Wild (2007) is a non-linear survival film directed by Sean Penn, which is based on Jon Krauker’s 1996 novel of the same name. It recollects the final few months of the life of Christopher McCandless as he departs from society in both an act of resistance as well as a means of self-discovery. A bright young college student in the 1990s, McCandless abandons his family and affluent lifestyle to embark on a frontier-style journey into the Alaskan wilderness. Troubled by a dysfunctional family and disenchanted with the materialistic excesses of 1980s America, McCandless seeks a radical engagement with nature, in the style of his literary heroes Henry David Thoreau and Jack London. After 113 days in the wilderness, he suffers from starvation and dies. The true story of McCandless’ journey renders the film an important depiction of self-reliance, isolation, and the unparalleled power of nature.

Whilst the film is of a biographical nature, it is important to understand that it is heavily subject to the interpretations and opinions of Penn. The story is informed by McCandless’ writings, and interviews with those who knew him, but is ultimately a work of artistic interpretation. Nonetheless, Penn’s film offers strong commentary regarding the materialistic, consumerist nature of modern living, whilst also ultimately emphasising the more humanistic importance of family and love.

Tracks is Robyn Davidson’s 1980 memoir detailing her perilous journey through 1700 miles of Australian outback and the remarkable character transformations that take place throughout. The events of the story begin in 1973, when a young Robyn Davidson arrives in Alice Springs with an outlandish plan to train wild camels to accompany her through the Australian desert. When, after two years of gruelling training, she receives a sponsorship from National Geographic, her journey can finally go ahead- on the condition that a photographer accompany her and document parts of the journey. This compromise weighs heavily on Robyn, as photographer Rick Smolan intrudes on her solitude and compromises everything the trip means to her. As Robyn delves deeper into the journey, each day brings new discoveries about the camels, the landscape, the people of Australia, and ultimately, her self. Tracks emerges as a candid and compelling story of one woman’s odyssey of discovery and transformation.

Whilst Tracks is mostly a personal account, it also presents a co-existent dichotomy between modernistic libertarianism and conventionalism, which serves as a reflection of the changing political views and ideological turbulence of the time, as Davidson notes ‘you could choose not to participate in politics, but you could not avoid politics’. Thus, in many ways Davidson’s journey can be seen as a firm statement that challenges the inherent sexism, racism, and ‘status quo’, whilst also simultaneously embracing the notion of freedom, independence, and escape from conventionalism and ‘self-indulgent negativity’.

At LSG, we use the CONVERGENT and DIVERGENT strategy to help us easily find points of similarity and difference. This is particularly important when it comes to essay writing, because you want to know that you're coming up with unique comparative points (compared to the rest of the Victorian cohort!). I don't discuss this strategy in detail here, but if you're interested, check out my How To Write A Killer Comparative . I have used this strategy to create this themes table and throughout my character, views and values, and literary technique analysis.

CHARACTER ANALYSIS

Both Robyn Davidson and Christopher McCandless are products of the time period in which they live, and reject the concept of adhering to a predetermined notion of who they should be and how they should behave. Both embark on their journey because they reject the expectations of their class and gender.

AUTHORS VIEWS/VALUES

Women’s rights in 1970s australia .

Tracks is set in the late 1970s, an era of intense social and political change in Australia. The second wave feminist movements of the 1960s and 70s were enormously influential in Australia, as women began to dismantle the sexist structures inherent in Australian society at this time. Davidson describes Alice Springs as hopelessly in the grips of a ‘cult of misogyny’. She rejects the archetype of the passive, docile woman. She is passionately determined to shed her own sense of herself as traditionally “feminine,” a quality she sees as arising from being trained from birth to be “door-mattish”.

Davidson acknowledges her gender has played a central part in the media’s fascination with her journey. The character of the ‘camel lady’ that emerges suggests the significance of her trip, as a woman travelling alone in the 1970s through intensely difficult terrain. Davidson describes the late sixties and early seventies as a time of radical social time, when “anything and everything seemed possible, and when the status quo of the developed world was under radical scrutiny by its youth”. Thus Davidson’s actions must be considered in the context of this time, at the peak of the second wave feminist movement.

There are many explicit examples of Robyn facing misogyny and embodying feminist principles. One such example is when an Alice Springs local suggests she’s the “next town rape case”. This statement reveals the position of a woman in this misogynistic society, wherein a single woman travelling alone through the bush was synonymous with danger and irresponsibility. Davidson rejects this ideology and refuses to succumb to the violent sexism she encounters, or compromise her journey.

Tracks is not an explicitly feminist text, but it clearly echoes the philosophies of feminism. In the years since the trek, Robyn Davidson has become a feminist symbol of defiance, endurance and strength. Thus to consider Tracks from a feminist perspective is important when studying this text, Davidson’s criticisms of Australian misogyny inform our understanding of this historical context, and the significance of her actions.

Some example sentences:

Davidson exposes the realities of misogynistic Australian culture in the 1970s.
Davidson’s journey emerges as a defiant example of women’s strength and independence.
Davidson’s friendship with Gladdy Posel suggests the injustices of women’s financial dependence on abusive men and condemns the limited options for women, particularly for those in rural settings.
Tracks challenges the constraints of gender through a narrator that cannot be defined by stereotypical images of the domestic and passive female.

Indigenous Rights in Australia

The 1970s saw the first attempts to improve the lives and rights of indigenous Australians. In 1971 Indigenous people were counted in the census, and in 1976, the Aboriginal Land Rights Act was established. Davidson’s time with Mr Eddie exposes her to the harsh reality of the living conditions of Indigenous Australian’s throughout the 1970s, as well as inspiring a deep appreciation for the culture and connection with the land. Davidson is frustrated with the mistreatment of Indigenous people in Australia, and feels ambivalent about her status as a white, privileged, outsider in their community. Davidson confronts the racist and discriminatory stereotypes and attitudes towards Indigenous Australians, and experiences first hand the realities of the issues these people face. Davidson encounters intense generosity and friendship in the Indigenous community that she admires and presents as a stark contrast to the intolerant attitudes of white Australians in Alice Springs.

“The blacks were unequivocally the enemy – dirty, lazy, dangerous”
“Aborigines. Warm, friendly, laughing, excited, tired Pitjantjara Aborigines...” (p. 155)
“Ceremonies are the visible link between Aboriginal people and their land. Once dispossessed of this  land, ceremonial life deteriorates, people lose their strength, meaning and identity.” (p. 167)  
Davidson renegotiates her identity and relationship with the land after learning from the Indigenous Australians.
Davidson condemns the racist attitudes of white Australians towards the aboriginal people.
Davidson embodies the changing attitudes of young Australians towards aboriginal Australians, endorsing a respectful relationship with the traditional land owners.

INTO THE WILD

Social criticism of materialistic excess.

While Into the Wild is set in the 1990s, McCandless’ formative years were the 1980s – a decade characterised by the consumerism, extravagance, and materialism of President Reagan’s America. The reverberating effects of this time period inform McCandless’ general outlook and disdain for American society. Whilst this contempt for consumerism is one motivation for McCandless’ actions, he is equally troubled by the family violence and dysfunction he experienced as a young man. This traumatic past informs his extreme actions and outlook.

Example sentences:

Penn exposes the effects of materialistic society on young impressionable people.
Penn explores the consequences of experiencing childhood trauma, and how this manifests in adult actions.
Penn condemns the expectations of 21 st century nuclear families.
Penn endorses the liberating power of familial love and relationships.

Depiction of the unparalleled power of nature and man’s inability to contend with it

Inspired by Thoreau and London, Chris seeks enlightenment in the wild. Despite a philosophical understanding of the power of nature, Chris believes he can survive the untamed wilderness of Alaska. Although nature is the locus for self-realisation and growth for Chris, it is also what destroys him. As the viewer watches him slowly deteriorate, we come to fully comprehend the force of nature – suggesting man’s inability to control it.

Penn’s depiction of McCandless’ deterioration suggests human’s inability to control nature.
Penn endorses the liberating power of literature, but cautions the idealism contained within romantic depictions of nature.

LITERARY TECHNIQUES

Narrative voice.

An important aspect of Into the Wild to consider is that McCandless’ story, while true, is told through Sean Penn’s directorial lens, which is in turn based on Jon Krakeur’s book. The story is informed by McCandless’ writings, and interviews with those who knew him, but is ultimately a work of artistic interpretation. Consider how this affect’s a viewer’s perception of Chris, does this raise questions around representation and identity? This is in direct contrast to Tracks , which is a first person, linear past tense, autobiographical account of the writer’s experience. Where Robyn is completely in control of her narrative, McCandless’ is subject to the artistic interpretation of others.

Anthropomorphism

Anthropomorphism is defined as the attribution of human characteristics or behaviour to a god, animal, or object. Robyn repeatedly personifies the animals she encounters. The camels in particular take on their own human personalities in her life. This technique, called anthropomorphism, can be used to complement a discussion of the theme of isolation. Robyn attributes distinct characteristics to each camel, suggesting her need for companionship and the powerful absence of human connection in prolonged periods of isolation.

Davidson’s depiction of her dependence on animals reveals deeper meanings about her inability to depend on, and communicate with, humans in the same way. Robyn’s reliance on her dog, Dookie, becomes more intense as the journey continues. Upon Dookie’s death, both the reader and Robyn experience the dog’s death as a powerful blow.

“I am quite sure Diggity was more than a dog, or rather other than dog. (p. 207)”
“But I said goodbye to a creature I had loved unconditionally, without question. ... I walked out into the morning and felt nothing. I was numb, empty. All I knew was I mustn‟t stop walking. (p. 223) ”
“Diggity had become a cherished friend rather than simply a pet. (p. 227)”
Kate: “remembered humans and hated them”
Zeleika: “had a lovely gentle nature” “the street-smart, crafty, unfazable, self-possessed leader”
Dookie: “nominally king, but if anything untoward happened he was the first to hide behind Zeleika’s skirts”
Goliath: “cheeky, pushy, self-centred, demanding, petulant, arrogant, spoilt and delightful”

SAMPLE PARAGRAPHS

Prompt: Discuss the ways in which the environment assists the protagonists in their journey for self-discovery.

Introduction: In forging connections with the environment and people around us, humans end up inadvertently discovering themselves. It is this notion that resonates throughout both Robyn Davidson’s 1970 memoir, Tracks , and Sean Penn’s 2007 film, Into the Wild , where the relationships that the protagonists form throughout their journeys leads to intense self- discovery and growth. Both Davidson and McCandless seek knowledge and guidance through both the individuals they meet and, specifically to McCandless, the books he reads, citing it as a means of grappling with the fundamental stages of self-discovery. Whilst Davidson and McCandless experience different relationships with their immediate family, it is ultimately the concept of family that underpins their motivations and inspires them to pursue their journeys – both physical and psychological. Further, the respective temporal environments in which both protagonists are immersed in emerge as a distinct theme that facilitates each stage of self- discovery in the climatic lead up to the ultimate self-realisation.

Body Paragraph 1: Both Into the Wild and Tracks endorse the guiding power of influential figures on both protagonists, as a catalyst for their growth. Davidson commences her self-described ‘lunatic’ journey with little knowledge of the wild to substantiate her mammoth ambition. That her drive outweighs her preparation manifests in the early moments of the text, wherein Davidson endures a grueling internship with the impulsive ‘maniac’ Kurt Posel. This man appears the epitome of the ‘biased, bigoted, boring and above all, brutal’ man she describes as the stereotypical ‘Aussie male’. Kurt is abusive to both Davidson and his wife, but his eccentric and impulsive ways expose her to the harsh realities of bush living. Ultimately, Kurt’s guidance allows Davidson to gain the fundamental skills she needs to train camels, whose dispositions reflect the erratic nature of Kurt himself. In direct contrast to this tense, exploitative relationship, is Davidson’s nuanced and spiritually rewarding relationship with Mr. Eddie, an aboriginal elder whom she describes as a “sheer pleasure to be with”. Despite an ostensible language barrier, Eddie’s instruction of the Indigenous Arts and Culture leave an impressionable impact on Davidson’s character and personality. By accepting Eddie’s guidance at a pivotal point in her journey, Davidson’s ambivalent sense of self, the overwhelming feeling of being an imposter, is diminished. Davidson becomes more grounded and connected to her environment; the knowledge that she derives from key characters contributes to a distinct conformational change in her personality and thus critically assists her in developing a strong sense of one self. A similar theme resonates in Into the Wild , where Chris McCandless heavily relies upon the guidance of various prominent figures he meets throughout his journey as well as ‘the characters of the books he loved from writers like Tolstoy, Jack London and Thoreau’ whose words he could and often would ‘summon….to suit any occasion’. The fact that McCandless readily referred to the words of the likes of Tolstoy, London, and Thoreau amidst times of mental angst and challenge, is a significant reflection of not only the quintessential teacher and student relationship he shares with them, but also the level of impact they have had in shaping in the ideological processes that define Chris’s values and sense of oneself. This very idea is furthered by Sean Penn when he depicts Christopher McCandless quoting soviet Russian poet, Boris Pasternak, suggesting that humans ‘ought to call each thing by it’s right name’, following which he acts impulsively and with great haste, engineered with rapid and distorted camera movements. In doing so, Penn illustrates the importance that Chris places upon the words of such idealists to the stage where he acts upon their advice without giving them proper consideration within his literal, temporal context. The protagonists of both Into the Wild and Tracks , both rely upon the knowledge and guidance of individuals, be they physical or via literature, as a means of grappling with their fundamental understanding of the human spirit and in doing so their intricate understanding of themselves.

Body Paragraph 2: Both texts demonstrate a degree of discontentment and resent towards the institutionalized, '20th century convention' of family. Davidson describes the notion of family as “invisible ropes and chains” of guilt, she comments that families lack for the most part, a true sense of love. This sentiment is starkly contrasted with Davidson’s intense engagement with the wild, which she describes in the language of love and connection. “I love you. i love you sky, bird, wind, desert, desert, desert’ proclaims Davidson, as she describes having “no more loved ones to care about” and “no more ties” to bind her to material existence. Davidson laments the distortion of her journey for public consumption, stating “so far people had said that i wanted to commit suicide, that i wanted to do penance for my mother’s death…” this comment is one of the only references to her mother’s suicide, which can be interpreted as a catalyst for her ambivalence about the notion of family. This experience evidently informs Davidsons’s somewhat impenetrable exterior and suggests a deeper complexity to her resistance of 20th century societal expectations. Similarly, Christopher McCandless articulates a powerful contempt for family. McCandless feels impeded in his personal motivations by the familial concepts of ‘graduating college’ and ‘getting a job’ which he describes as “20th century inventions” inextricably linked with “this world of material excess”. McCandless expands on this point, commenting that his pursuit for self-discovery has ultimately resulted in ‘the killing of the false being within’, the ‘false being’ that was bound to the societal expectations and the material conventions of the time. Chris’ departure into the wild is as much of an act of punishment for his family, as it is about Chris discovering true freedom and metaphysical spirituality. It is this idea of ‘telling the world’ of his family’s misdeeds that continually motivates Chris to continue on with his journey, which is depicted by Penn through the countless solo enactments and impersonation of both Chris’ mother and father, often depicting a negative experience which has quite evidently scarred his ‘crystal like’ mind. Family is thus, a primary motivation for both key characters within Tracks and Into the Wild to firstly partake on their journey, but more significantly to discover an uncorrupted, unbiased ‘true’ version of them that had been lost amidst ‘this world of material excess’.

Conclusion: Both Tracks and Into the Wild explore the inextricable link between ones environment and their personal growth. Nature is emphasised as a world removed from the materialistic excess of modern urban life, in which one can engage with an alternative, radical set of values. Both Davidson and McCandless escape from the confinements of their lives and experience profound transformations over the course of their journeys. Thus, both Davidson and Penn comment on the omniscient, multifaceted nature of the environment around a person being instrumental in moulding each stage of the journey of self-discovery and transformation.

*A big shout out to Suraj Hari, 2017 graduate and currently studying Medicine in Tasmania, who is a contributing author of this blog post.

Measure for Measure is currently studied in VCE English under Area of Study 1 - Text Response. For a detailed guide on Text Response, check out our Ultimate Guide to VCE Text Response .

INTRODUCTION ‍

Ahh William Shakespeare. That guy. You’re probably thinking, “Great. More fancy language. Hasn’t he been dead for centuries? Why does he keep popping up in our English curriculum?”

At least, that’s how I reacted.

Shakespeare is actually a huge figure in the history of the English language, and really no high school English curriculum is complete without a mandatory dose of him. In fact, the current VCAA study design demands that one of his texts must be on the text list. What a legend.

Shakespeare doesn’t only influence our world in the classroom. The Bard coined many words and phrases that we use today. We can thank this playwright for “be -all, end-all”, “good riddance”, and my personal favourite, “swagger”.

The Bard’s play “Measure for Measure” was first performed in 1604; over 400 years ago. So why do we still study his works today? In fact, the ideas and themes that are evoked in his plays are universal and timeless; pertinent to his contemporary counterparts, as well as today’s audience. Shakespeare’s plays are like soup (bear with me, this is going somewhere). One could say the playwright is a master chef; he mixes tales of the human condition and experience and asks us to question people and ideas. Everyone, regardless of their time, will gobble up the story.

So, what is this soup- I mean ‘Measure for Measure’ about? The play is known as a “problem play” and/or “tragicomedy”. That’s right, it’s both a tragedy and a comedy. Dire trials and tribulations are intertwined with humorous gags and jokesters. I guess Shakespeare couldn’t choose just one.

‘Measure for Measure’ is also a problem play. Critic W.W Lawrence defined a problem play as one in which "a perplexing and distressing complication in human life is presented in a spirit of high seriousness ... the theme is handled so as to arouse not merely interest or excitement, or pity or amusement, but to probe the complicated interrelations of character and action, in a situation admitting of different ethical interpretations".

Ok, crazy, but he also said that "the 'problem' is not like one in mathematics, to which there is a single true solution, but is one of conduct, as to which there are no fixed and immutable laws. Often it cannot be reduced to any formula, any one question, since human life is too complex to be so neatly simplified.”

In short, a problem play presents lots of complications and issues that are open to different ethical interpretations. As in “Measure for Measure”, the “problem(s)” is/are not always solved.

So, what actually happens in this play that is problematic? What are our ingredients in this problem soup?

‍ P(L)OT SUMMARY

Get it? Cause soup is cooked in a pot. Sorry.

The Duke of Vienna appoints his deputy, Angelo, as the temporary leader. This Duke then pretends to leave town but instead dresses up as a friar to observe what happens in his absence. Angelo, strict and unwavering in his dedication to following the rules, decides to rid Vienna of all the unlawful sexual activity; including shutting down the brothels. Prostitutes like Mistress Overdone (pun alert) and her pimp Pompey are poised to lose their livelihoods. Laws against this activity exist, but they’ve gotten lax over the years. Angelo, a stickler for the rules, has Claudio arrested because young Claudio has gotten his engaged wife-to-be (Juliet) pregnant before they were officially married. Claudio is to be executed.

The virtuous Isabella, Claudio’s sister, is poised to enter a nunnery. Upon hearing of her brother’s arrest and sentence, she goes to Angelo to beg him for mercy. He hypocritically, in an absolutely dog move, propositions her, saying he’ll pardon her brother if she sleeps with him (with Angelo, not Claudio). She immediately refuses, being the religious and chaste woman that she is. At first Claudio is upset because he wants to live, but then he calms down and accepts death.

Luckily, the Duke (secretly dressed as a friar) helps in their sticky situation. He brews up a plan; Angelo’s former flame Mariana was engaged to him, but he broke off their engagement after she lost her dowry in a shipwreck. The Friar (Duke) plans to have Isabella agree to sleep with Angelo, but then send Mariana in her place. In theory, Angelo would pardon Claudio and be forced to marry Mariana by law.

The old switcheroo goes off without a hitch. But come morning, Angelo refuses to pardon Claudio, fearing he will seek revenge. The Duke, in collaboration with the Provost, send Angelo the head of a dead pirate (Ragozine) who died of natural causes. They claim that it’s Claudio’s head, and Angelo is satisfied, thinking him to be dead. Isabella is also told that her brother is dead and is encouraged by the Friar (Duke) to complain about Angelo to the Duke, who is returning home.

The Duke makes a grand return to Vienna, saying he will hear any complaints immediately. Isabella tells her story, and the Duke feigns disbelief, despite having orchestrated the plan himself. In an act filled with more twists and turns than a Marvel movie, everything comes out; the Duke reveals he was a friar all along, Angelo is forced to confess, and Claudio is pardoned amongst other things. To top it all off, the Duke proposes to Isabella. Crazy!

HISTORICAL CONTEXT

It’s important to acknowledge what was going on in the world during the writing of a text. This may help give insight into why the author has included (or not included) some aspect of their work.

The Divine Right of Kings

This holy mandate states that a monarch derives his right to rule from the will of God and is not subject to earthly authority. The “king” or monarch is hence practically divine, and questioning his orders is also questioning god; blasphemy.

The Great Chain of Being/Class divides

This chain is a hierarchy of all life forms and matter in the following order:

Kings & Royalty
Commoners (Gentry, Merchants, Yeoman, Laborers)
Non-living things

Hence, alongside The Divine Right of Kings, this ideal gave monarchs huge power over their subjects.

In early 1600s England, there was a defined social hierarchy and class system. Everyone had a place in the hierarchy, and there was little movement between the classes. Within each class, men were considered superior to women.

Shakespeare encourages us to ask a few questions of our supposedly holy leader and his actions. According to the Divine Right of Kings, the Duke is god’s right-hand man, and thus all his decisions are holy and backed by heaven. However, the Duke is pretty shady when he plots his bed-trick plan with Isabella and Mariana. Is this deceptive behavior still holy? Furthermore, is it not sacrilege to pretend to be a holy friar when one is not truly a holy man?

Moreover, when the Duke assigns Angelo as his deputy, would this transform Angelo into a divine ruler too? Could he be divine, considering his cruel rule and despicable request to Isabella?

Women were considered subservient, lower class citizens then men. Alliances were forged between powerful families through arranged marriages of daughters. These girls may have received an education through tutors attending their homes (there were no schools for girls), but their endgame would be marriage, children and maintaining the home. Women and girls of a lower class did not receive any formal education but would have learned how to govern a household and become skilled in all housewifely duties. Impoverished and desperate women (Mistress Overdone) would turn to prostitution to stay alive.

Shakespeare perhaps highlights the struggle of women in his female characters; Isabella, Mistress Overdone, Juliet, and Kate Keepdown. Their futures appear bleak; Isabella is poised to enter a nunnery, Juliet’s husband (her only source of income and protection) is to be executed, while the brothels that facilitate Mistress Overdone and Kate Keepdown’s livelihoods are being closed down by Angelo.

Jacobean Audience

It was a tumultuous time when Shakespeare penned ‘Measure for Measure’ in 1604. A year earlier came the end of the 45 year long Elizabethan era and began the Jacobean era under the rule of King James. Since the late Queen Elizabeth had no direct heirs, King James of Scotland (a relative) took to the throne. Little was known by the English people of this foreign king.

Perhaps, as Shakespeare portrays the ruler in ‘Measure for Measure’ as clever and good-hearted, the Bard sought to appease the king by calming the people and encouraging them to trust in their new monarch.

The playwright characterizes the Duke as loving his people, but not enjoying being before their eyes and in the spotlight; much like King James, a quiet ruler who relished studying privately in his great library.

‍ Playhouses and Brothels

The general public (commoners) paid a penny (could buy you a loaf of bread back in the day) to see Shakespeare’s plays, standing in the “yard”; on the ground, at eye-level of the stage. The rich (gentry) paid 2 pennies for seating in the galleries, often using cushions. The really rich (nobles) could watch the play from a chair set on the side of the stage itself. Shakespeare’s plays were performed at the Globe Theatre. Playhouses in Shakespeare's time were often close to brothels, both in terms of their physical locations in the suburbs and the way they were viewed by some of polite society. Thus, Shakespeare's relatively sympathetic portrayal of sexual deviance in ‘Measure for Measure’ may also constitute a defence of other suburban entertainment—his plays—and a way to humanize lower classes who patronized them.

WRITING ABOUT 'MEASURE FOR MEASURE'

If you’re lucky enough to study this interesting piece, the study design requires you to prepare “sustained analytical interpretations…discussing how features of the text create meaning and using textual evidence to support (your) reasons”. Basically, you’ll be given a topic; this topic could surround themes, characters, etc., and you must write analytically.

While you may choose to structure paragraphs around themes, ideas or characters, make sure to embed some historical context in there; that’ll show the examiner that you’ve done your research and have a thorough and deeper understanding of why Shakespeare put this or that in. Talking about authorial intent in your analytical essay leads to a more in-depth analysis.

“Shakespeare portrays characters that are flawed as a result of pre-destined circumstances. These characters, such as bawd Pompey and prostitute Mistress Overdone, lived in a time when there existed strong class divides, and movement within the social hierarchy was rare. As per the “Great Chain of Being”, a contemporary religious dogma, there was a hierarchy of all living things and matter, from lofty God and his angels down through the ranks of men and finally to animals and non-living things. In some cases, attempting to move up the social ranks was even considered a blasphemous rejection of the fate chosen by God.”

- embedding historical context (The Great Chain of Being) into a paragraph that discusses characters being flawed because of their circumstances

“Shakespeare offers characters such as Isabella and The Duke who strive for self-improvement through understanding and temperance. Perhaps the playwright suggests that perfection is very difficult if not impossible to attain, even for a ruler like the Duke and a pure soul like Isabella. However, he posits that it can be strived for and that perhaps this attempt to become better is what truly matters.”

- talking about authorial intent - what is Shakespeare trying to tell us?

Think of it as an opportunity to make your very own soup! Add some themes, stir in character analysis, sprinkle in some quotes and serve with historical context and authorial intent. Just like with a soup, there’s got be a good balance of all your ingredients; test out different structures during the year to find what works for you. (Just try not to overcook it, like I have done with this soup metaphor). If you need more help, How To Write a Standout Measure for Measure by William Shakespeare Essay is for you!

So, you see, there’s more to Shakespeare and ‘Measure for Measure’ than just fancy old language and iambic pentameter (What’s that? Well...). Keep on reading this blog post, where we’ll delve into themes, characters and symbols/motifs. In the meantime, let’s have a break. Grab a snack, a drink, and enjoy this tasty Shakespeare meme.

...Aaaaand we’re back!

Are you ready for part 2 of the Shakespeare train? Hop on board as we explore themes, characters and symbols/motifs. ‍ ‍

These are the major themes in ‘Measure for Measure’.

As you can see, the themes are interconnected. (Do you like the diagram? Made it myself :)) Why does this matter? Well, if you get an essay topic about Justice, for instance, you can also link it to Sexual and Gender Politics as well as Social Decay/Cohesion.

So, why is any one theme an important theme?

Which moments and characters are these themes related to?

Is there a link to historical context?

What are some key quotes?

What could be Shakespeare’s potential message? (Keep in mind that depending which pieces of evidence you look at, the Bard could be saying something different. In this piece, we’ll only discuss one or two authorial messages. The beauty of Shakespeare is that much is open to interpretation. You can interpret characters and ideas in so many different ways!)

Those are some great questions. Let’s explore some of the biggest themes...

Power and Authority

Power not only dictates the Viennese society, but we see it is a basis for moral corruption (I’m looking at you, Angelo!). The Duke is the leader of Vienna, ordained by God. He hands this power to his deputy Angelo, who misuses it in his request of Isabella. Now consider Isabella - she has power too, but a different kind… Also consider characters who have little to no power - Mistress Overdone, Pompey etc.

This theme could be linked to the Divine Right of Kings, the Great Chain of Being and Women.

“O, it is excellent to have a giant’s strength, but it is tyrannous to use it like a giant” - Isabella when she pleads to Angelo to not kill her brother (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 130-132)
“He who the sword of heaven will bear should be as holy as severe” - The Friar (Duke) to himself, not happy with Angelo’s dog move (Act 3, Scene 1, 538-539)
“When maidens sue, men give like gods” - Lucio to Isabella, encouraging her to convince Angelo not to kill Claudio (Act 2, Scene 1, Line 87-88)
"Hence we shall see, if power change purpose, what our seemers be.” - The Duke lowkey suggesting that once Angelo gets power, he’ll change into something evil (Act 1, Scene 4, Line 57)
“Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall.” - Escalus is sneakily hating on Angelo. This quote shows that power and authority often involve corruption (Act 2, Scene 1, Line 41)

Perhaps Shakespeare is suggesting that power is a dangerous weapon and that in the wrong hands, it could be deadly.

Morality and Sin

This is an interesting theme. What defines sin? For instance, if Isabella sleeps with Angelo she’s sinning before God. But if she doesn’t, then she’s letting her brother die, which is not good either. Bit of a pickle that one. Some characters to consider include Isabella, Angelo, The Duke, Claudio, Lucio, the Provost…. jeez just about everyone! So many of the characters take part in questionable deeds. Was it immoral for the Duke to pretend to be a holy friar? Is Claudio’s sin of impregnating Juliet really punishable by death if both parties were willing, and no one else has been punished for the same “crime”? Are Pompey and Mistress Overdone being immoral in being in the prostitution business, if it’s the only way to survive?

Deep stuff man. This can be linked back to class divides, women and the contemporary playhouses/brothels.

“What sin you do to save a brother’s life, nature dispenses with the deed so far that it becomes a virtue” - Claudio begs his sister to sleep with Angelo (immoral, especially since she’s poised to enter a nunnery), saying that it’s for a good cause, and will actually be a virtue/good deed (Act 3, Scene 1, Line 146-148)
“Might there not be a charity in sin to save this brother’s life?” - Angelo asking Isabella to sleep with him and trying to paint the act as a charitable deed (Act 2, Scene 4, Line 65-66)
“I am a kind of burr, I shall stick” - Lucio, who represents sin and immorality in Vienna (we’ll talk more about this later in symbols/motifs) (Act 4, Scene 3, Line 182)
“To bring you thus together ‘tis no sin, sith that the justice of your title to him doth flourish the deceit.” - The Friar (Duke), encouraging Isabella and Mariana to do the dodgy bed-trick and trick Angelo (Act 4, Scene 1, Line 79-81)

Perhaps Shakespeare tries to tell us that there is a fine line between something moral and something sinful. Maybe he’s asking, “who are we to judge?”, since we all do questionable things sometimes. Everyone from the almighty Duke to a lowly prostitute has committed potentially immoral acts. Perhaps audiences are encouraged to be more understanding of others, and their reasons for these deeds.

Mmm, this theme ties in nicely with just about all of the others. How does one define justice? The play explores this idea; does justice mean punishment? Or mercy? How do we balance the two to deliver the right punishment/lack thereof? Characters that dispense justice include The Duke, Angelo (although they have differing ideas of justice) and Isabella. Since Vienna is a religious place, consider the divine justice system (ie. a perfect, flawless system meted out by God) and the earthly one (ie. the flawed, human justice system). Laws exist in an attempt to ensure justice. But does it always work? Consider also the Old and New Testament ways of thinking - the former strict and punitive, while the latter is more measured and merciful (see symbols/motifs below for more info).

This theme can be linked to the Divine Right of Kings, Great Chain of Being, Women, and Jacobean Audience.

“Justice, justice, justice, justice!” - (Wait, are you sure this quote is about justice?) Isabella pleads for (you guessed it) justice to the Duke (no longer dressed as a friar), thinking Angelo has, in fact, killed her brother (Act 5, Scene 1, Line 26)
“The very mercy of the law cried out… ‘An Angelo for Claudio, death for death!’ Haste still pays haste, and leisure answers leisure, like doth quit like, and measure still for measure” - The Duke, explaining that it’s only fair that Angelo die for “killing” Claudio. (Act 5, Scene 1, Line 437-441)
“liberty plucks justice by the nose” - The Duke tells Friar Thomas that the laws have slipped over the years, and the citizens of Vienna are not being punished for immoral deeds (prostitution, sex before marriage etc)

Perhaps Shakespeare says that since we humans are inevitably flawed, that any justice system created by us will too be imperfect. Who are we to decide the fates of our fellow man? Furthermore, the Bard may be encouraging us to be kind when dispensing justice, leaning more to mercy than punishment.

Sexual and Gender Politics

Who run the world? Gir- no it’s a bunch of men. This theme contributes to why ‘Measure for Measure’ is a problem play. The exploration of the female characters in this play are very interesting, and kind of sad. Of 20 named characters, only 5 are women. Together, their lines make up only 18% of the play. Yikes! There is a lot to unpack here. Our female characters are Isabella, Mariana, Mistress Overdone, Juliet, Francisca (a nun who speaks twice) and Kate Keepdown (who we never meet). Their situations: a maiden poised to enter a nunnery, a prostitute, a pregnant girl about to lose her husband, a nun, and another prostitute. Quite gloomy, isn't it? Meanwhile, the men are leaders (The Duke, deputy Angelo, and ancient lord Escalus) and gentlemen (Lucio, Claudio, and Froth). Over the course of the play, our female characters are put into worse situations by men. Their experiences are dictated by men. Consider taking a “feminist perspective” and exploring ‘Measure for Measure’ from a female point of view.

This theme links to the Great Chain of Being, Women and Playhouses/Brothels.

“see how he goes about to abuse me!” - These are the last words we hear from Mistress Overdone, as she calls out Lucio for betraying her even though she kept secrets for him. All this happens while she’s being carted off to prison in only Act 3! What do you think Shakespeare is saying to us? (Act 3, Scene 1, Line 481)
“Then was your sin of heavier kind than his” - The Friar (Duke) says to Juliet that she sinned more than Claudio, even though their sin was “mutually committed”. Even though they were both consenting, the woman is blamed more. Consider what would become of Juliet if Claudio was executed. She’d probably end up like Mistress Overdone... (Act 2, Scene 3, Line 31)
“Who will believe thee, Isabel?” - Angelo says this after Isabella threatens to reveal his disgusting request. Ouch. It really goes to show how untrustworthy women are deemed. (Act 2, Scene 4, Line 163)
“Why, you are nothing then: neither maid, widow, nor wife?” - The Duke says this to Mariana. Basically, he says a woman can only be those 3 things. Jeez. (Act 5, Scene 1, Line 196-197)
“When maidens sue, men give like gods” - Lucio to Isabella, encouraging her to convince Angelo not to kill Claudio. So, perhaps women do have some power. But, it’s due to their sexuality; something evaluated by men. Peachy. (Act 2, Scene 1, Line 87-88)

Perhaps Shakespeare suggests that women are treated unfairly in society. Maybe he posits that women are afforded so few opportunities in a man’s world. The Bard potentially says that such sexual and gender politics do not create a cohesive and just society.

This theme, again, connects to many others. It can link to all groups of people (The wealthy, the poor, women, criminals etc). Most of the mercy is dispensed at the end of the play when the Duke does his grand reveal. Characters who choose to mete out mercy over punishment include The Duke and Isabella. Also consider Angelo, who instead of choosing to spare Claudio, decides to kill him to uphold a law that hasn’t seen anyone punished for the same deed. We might think this is harsh, but it a legal and lawful decision.

Connect this idea with historical context, specifically Jacobean audience and playhouses/brothels.

“I find an apt remission in myself” - Apt remission = ready forgiveness. The Duke says this after pardoning Angelo (Act 5, Scene 1, Line 539)
“pray thee take this mercy to provide for better times to come” - The Duke pardons murderer Barnadine, asking him to use it to do better. How lovely! (Act 5, Scene 1, Line 525-526)
“let us be keen (shrewd/sharp), and rather cut a little than fall and bruise to death” - Escalus says this to Angelo, who wants to enact all strict laws immediately. The ever-reliable Escalus advises Angelo to be lenient and merciful. (Act 2, Scene 1, Line 6-7)
“Mercy is not itself that oft looks so, pardon is still the nurse of second woe” - Escalus says this, defending Angelo’s decision to punish Claudio. He suggests that sometimes being merciful can encourage further wrongdoing. (Act 2, Scene 1, Line 282-283”)
“I show it (pity) most of all when I show justice” - Angelo says to Isabella that he is showing Claudio pity/mercy by punishing him. A firm believer in the law, Angelo thinks he’s doing the right thing and teaching Claudio a lesson by punishing him. (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 123)

Perhaps Shakespeare encourages us to look at mercy and punishment from different perspectives. Angelo believes he is punishing Claudio for his own good, and cleaning up Vienna of lechery too. Maybe we ought to be merciful in our opinion of the deputy. Nonetheless, the Bard shows that in the case of young Claudio, mercy and forgiveness is the right path to choose. Finally, consider why Shakespeare may have portrayed a merciful leader to his Jacobean audience. Maybe if he were to portray a leader as fair and merciful, the Jacobean audience would trust that their new king (a man similar in character to the Duke) could be kind and merciful too. Earning the favour of the king and writing a killer play? He’s killed two birds with one stone.

Human Frailty & Fallibility

I’ve encountered many essay topics about how humans are flawed and imperfect. It’s a pretty big theme in many texts, not just in our friend William Shakespeare’s. Human fallibility is to blame for a lot of the going-ons in ‘Measure for Measure’. Angelo takes the law too seriously, he gets heart eyes for Isabella and kills Claudio even though he thinks he’s slept with Isabella. Why? He wants to save his own ass, fearing Claudio will seek vengeance. The Duke is flawed too. He’s a leader, but he just avoids his problems, leaving Angelo in charge to deal with them. Then he plans to swoop in and look like a hero. Kinda dodgy. Consider Claudio and Juliet too. They, like Angelo, succumbed to lust and slept together before they were officially married. (Sigh, humans just can’t get it right.) It’s also worth thinking about the “low-lives” and poorer characters. Are the poor frail in a different way? For example, Mistress Overdone keeps Lucio’s secrets for him. In that way she is virtuous. However, she sells her body to survive. Perhaps she is not prone to desire like Angelo, but serves another desire - a desire to survive?

In terms of historical context, consider the Divine Right of Kings, the Great Chain of Being and Playhouses/Brothels.

“They say best men are moulded out of faults, and for the most become much more the better for being a little bad” - Mariana pleads to Isabella to support her in begging the Duke to pardon (her new husband) Angelo. She is optimistic for man, believing our bad deeds can lead to self-improvement. (Act 5, Scene 5, Line 473-475)
“Why, all the souls that were were forfeit once” - Isabella pleads to Angelo to pardon Claudio. She states that all souls were flawed before Christ offered redemption. (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 93)
“I speak not as desiring more, but rather wishing a more strict restraint” - Isabella is speaking to a nun as she is poised to enter the ranks of the nunnery. We usually think of a nun as living a very strict life, but Isabella wants it even stricter! Here we see her flaw is that her thinking is too singular and blinkered. (Act 1, Scene 5, Line 3-4)
“Lord Angelo is precise, stands at guard with envy, scarce confesses that his blood flows, or that his appetite is more to bread than stone.” - The Duke talks about how unhuman Angelo is. The deputy follows rules very closely, almost to the point where he’s like a machine. His nature is too strict. (Act 1, Scene 5, Line 53-56)
“I love the people, but do not like to stage me to their eyes” - The Duke says this to Angelo and Escalus as he hands over power to his deputy. Even the Duke is not perfect, in that he does not like being before crowds of his people (Act 1, Scene 2, Line 72-73)

Perhaps Shakespeare suggests that no one is truly perfect, not even a leader supposedly ordained by God, a law-abiding deputy, or a maiden who is poised to enter a nunnery. Yet while Angelo is overcome by his lust and emotion, the Duke and Isabella attempt to better themselves by showing mercy and temperance. Maybe Shakespeare suggests trying to improve one’s flawed self is most important.

God, Religion and Spirituality

Phew, we’re at our last theme. So, society in Vienna is very much religious. Their beliefs dictate actions and laws within the city. Some very religious characters include Isabella and Angelo. However, our novice nun, who is obsessed with virtue and chastity, agrees to and takes part in the bed-trick, a deception that is not particularly Christian. Our lusty deputy also succumbs, hellishly propositioning a maiden to sleep with him in exchange for her brother’s life. Even The Duke, supposedly semi-divine, makes some dubious choices. He spends most of the play posed as a holy man, even though he is not. He plans the bed-trick to deceive Angelo and lets poor Isabella think her poor brother is dead, instead of saving her so much pain. Furthermore, the title of the tale, ‘Measure for Measure’, comes from the Gospel of Matthew. (See symbols/motifs for more deets). The question of how much we should let religion dictate us is another reason this piece is a problem play.

The theme of God and Religion can link to historical context such as the Divine Right of Kings.

“more than our brother is our chastity” - (Act 3, Scene 1, Line 194) and “Better it were a brother died at once, than that a sister by redeeming him should die forever” - (Act 2, Scene 4, Line 111-113) show that Isabella values her chastity and virtue over her brother!! Damn girl!
“Ay, but to die, and go we know not where, to lie in cold obstruction and to rot” - Claudio tells Isabella that he fears the uncertainty of death. Perhaps his belief in a heaven has left him in the wake of his impending death? (Act 3, Scene 1, Line 129-130)
“Let’s write good angel on the devil’s horns - ‘tis not the devil's crest” - Angelo is talking to himself about his lust for Isabella. It’s an appearance vs reality (ooh another theme!) kind of idea, where you can try to pretend something is something else (ie. Angelo doesn't lust after Isabella), but it doesn't change the thing (ie. he’s still keen). The deputy is comparing his emotions to these religious extremes. (Act 2, Scene 4, Line 16-17)

Perhaps Shakespeare criticises religious extremism in his portrayal of characters like Isabella and Angelo. Or maybe he just wants us to remain open-minded about ideas and our spirituality.

Yikes, there are so many themes in this play! Let’s move it along, and talk a little bit about characters.

Each character can be viewed in different lights, even more so than themes can be. We’re going to discuss characters very briefly because it’s up to you how you want to read them.

Here are the characters, in order of how much they speak in the play. To keep things short, let’s pretend these are all tinder bios. Who would you swipe right on? (Hint: not Lucio)

super chill (the benevolent ruler of Vienna who’s let the laws slip a little)
loves dressing up (actually spends most of the play disguised as a friar)
clever/cunning (secretly counteracts the injustices decreed by Angelo)
strong morals (would rather her brother die than she lives in shame)
can get wild (conspires with the Duke to complete the bed-trick)
holy gal (poised to enter a nunnery)
a gentleman (well, his title is. He’s rude about the Duke and abandoned a prostitute that he got pregnant, so maybe he’s not that kind of gentleman)
loves attention (legit! He’s a minor character but he has the third most lines of them all! Lucio loves to stir the pot!)
loves some symbolism (Lucio represents all the bad stuff in Vienna…..see symbols/motifs)
plays by the rules (a little too much)
hypocrite (Sentences Claudio to death for sex before marriage, while asking the same thing of Isabella…. wow we’ve found our antagonist)
Deep (Angelo is a bit of a complex character. He seems aware of his misdeeds and struggles to deal with these desires. It’s hard not to pity him at times)
reliable (consistently counsels Angelo against acting too harshly)
virtuous (he’s merciful, lets Pompey go with a warning in Act 2 Scene 1)
loyal (trusts in the Duke)
hard worker (he’s a prison ward)
virtuous (does what’s right by him, disobeying Angelo’s orders to behead Claudio)
magician (not really, but he makes Angelo believe that pirate Ragozine’s head is Claudio’s)
clever (philosophically debates whether prostitution is worse than murder)
funny (his character is the clown, and he’s got some sassy comebacks)
poor (Pompey is a bawd employed by Mistress Overdone. Not the best dating bio)
down for a good time ;) (impregnates Juliet before they are officially married)
cool family (he’s Isabella’s brother)
good hearted (initially is horrified at Angelo’s request of Isabella, saying she shouldn’t do it. Unfortunately, his fear of death get’s to him. After he’s calmed down, he’s accepting of death)
a man in uniform (a policeman)
a little dumb (he speaks a lot of malapropisms - hilariously using similar but incorrect words)
not like Pompey (Pompey is a clever poor man, while Elbow is a policeman who’s a little bit all over the place)
dedicated (still in love with Angelo even though he called off their engagement because her dowry was lost)
a willing accomplice (participates in the bed-trick)

Mistress Overdone

poor (she’s a prostitute, who fears for her livelihood when Angelo announces he’s destroying all the brothels)
good hearted (kept Lucio’s secret. What secret? Read on…)
works for the Duke (as an executioner…. there’s no way to make that sound nice)
doesn't have a great name (c’mon it’s true)
also likes to have a good time ;) (pregnant before official marriage)
dependent (if Claudio dies she will probably end up as a prostitute to survive)
can sing (Mariana asks him to sing a sad song about how she lost her beloved Angelo)
holy gal (she is a nun)

Kate Keepdown (we never actually meet this character)

a colleague of Mistress Overdone (a prostitute)
single mum (Lucio got her pregnant and then ran away. He thinks marrying a prostitute is akin to whipping and hanging)

Ragozine (we never actually meet this character)

dies (legit that’s all he does)

SYMBOLS & MOTIFS

These are people, objects, words etc that represent a theme or idea. For instance, the fact that I’ve used a bad soup metaphor AND a tinder reference means I need to go outside more. But let’s move on…

The title, “Measure for Measure” draws from the gospel of Matthew. The idea of heavenly justice vs earthly justice is prominent throughout the text. Moreover, it’s worth exploring the Old Testament ways of “an eye for an eye” and “measure for measure” in comparison to the New Testament teachings which lean towards forgiveness and mercy. Now, where do the Duke’s actions fit in? Is he harsh and equalising? Is he just and sympathetic?

New Testament vs. Old Testament

When the Duke sentences Angelo to death, he makes a fancy speech which includes the play’s title.

“‘An Angelo for Claudio, death for death!

Haste still pays haste, and leisure answers leisure.

Like doth quit like, and measure still for measure.”

Act 5, Scene 1, Line 439-441

This mimics the Old Testament views, which famously states “eye for eye, tooth for tooth” (Exodus 21:24). These ideals teach that the person who committed a misdeed shall have the same misdeed done unto them. (For example, if you don’t like my new Facebook profile picture, I’m not liking yours…..but way more severe.)

In comparison, the New Testament states that we “Be merciful, just as your Father is merciful. Do not judge, and you will not be judged. Do not condemn, and you will not be condemned. Forgive, and you will be forgiven.” (Luke 6:36-37)

So, when sentencing Angelo the Duke employs the words of the Old Testament. However, he doesn’t go through with Angelo’s execution, instead showing the mercy encouraged by the New Testament. He’s not really following either way. Perhaps he’s instead choosing a middle road; one of temperance and justice.

Wait, who? We haven’t mentioned the “gentleman” Lucio much in the plot and in this blog post. That’s because he doesn’t really do that much other than buzz around and annoy everyone. Maybe that’s why his name rhymes with mosquito….

Regardless, we do see enough of Lucio’s character to learn that he’s not a very nice person. He treats Mistress Overdone and Pompey poorly, makes visits to the brothel, doesn’t take responsibility for his actions (getting Kate Keepdown pregnant) and bad-mouths the Duke. So yeah, we don’t like Lucio, what’s the big deal? Well, in Act 4, Scene 4 Line 182, Lucio says something very intriguing.

“I am a kind of burr, I shall stick.”

Burr - those little brown prickly things that get stuck to you.

We can think of Lucio as representing all the sins and misdeeds in Vienna - lechery, immorality, lack of justice, selfishness etc. Hence, Lucio is saying that these shortcomings and flaws will always be present to people and in Vienna, sticking to the city like a nasty burr. Damn, that’s deep.

Prose/Verse

The metre of the verse (ie. the classic Shakespeare writing) in ‘‘Measure for Measure” is iambic pentameter. This means that each line is divided into 5 feet. Within each foot, there is one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one.

I’ll TELL him YET of ANgelO’S reQUEST, And FIT his MIND to DEATH, for HIS soul’s REST. (Act 2, Scene 4, Line 195-196)

Verse does not have to rhyme, as the above lines do. Shakespeare often employs a rhyming couplet to close a scene and add some drama.

Verse is usually reserved for the higher class citizens, with those who are less fortunate speaking in prose.

Prose is language in its ordinary form, with no metre.

Certain characters, such as Lucio, switch between verse and prose depending on who they are speaking to. This could allude to Lucio’s duplicity, or perhaps a deep understanding of class divides in Vienna.

Names: Escalus and Angelo

Escalus is the ever reasonable and loyal lord and close confidant of the Duke. His name gives connotations of scales and balance - characteristic of the rational man.

Angelo’s name has connotations of “angel”. If we judge him only by his name, he should be a pure and heavenly being. Bah! That’s so fake! We can see that appearance is very different from reality. Isabella notices this too, stating that “this outward-sainted deputy...is yet a devil” (Act 3, Scene 1, Line 95-98).

Angelo’s Words/Actions

There is so much to unpack about this douchebag. Let us briefly consider 2 ideas. When he propositions Isabella to sleep with him, he requests that she “lay down the treasures of (her) body” (Act 2, Scene 4, Line 100).

Firstly, that’s weird. Perhaps Angelo can be seen as someone who is obsessed with the physical - Isabella’s body and treasure. Maybe this obsession leads to his immorality and poor leadership.

Secondly, Angelo struggles to directly say, “hey, let’s sleep together”. He weaves his way around the request, propositioning Isabella so indirectly that at first, she does not even seem to understand his request! However, once she threatens to tell everyone about his vile demand, he speaks bluntly; “Who will believe thee, Isabel?” (Act 2, Scene 4, Line 163). Perhaps this shows Angelo is self-aware that he’s being an ass. Or maybe this scene is yet more evidence of a patriarchal society, with the men knowing very well the power they hold.

We never actually meet this fellow. Ragozine is a pirate who dies in jail while “Measure for Measure” unfolds. His head is used in place of Claudio’s to convince Angelo of the former’s execution. Fascinatingly, Ragozine is the only person who dies in the entire play. ALSO, he dies of natural causes. Interesting. It feels like the play is full of death, grief and many heads on the chopping block. But curiously, there is only one death, of a minor character, of natural causes. Perhaps this says something about fate and justice or offers some commentary on life and hope.

Elbow vs. Pompey

Elbow is a silly policeman who speaks in malapropisms (using a similar but incorrect word for humorous effect). Pompey is a clever pimp who seems to have a deep understanding of justice and the Viennese people. The comparison of these characters, fortunate and dumb to unfortunate and clever, perhaps serves to show that the law is not always apt and that sometimes those who break the law are more clever than it.

Mistress Overdone (or lack thereof)

Mistress Overdone is a pitiable prostitute. She worries for her survival when Angelo begins pulling down the brothels, and she keeps Lucio’s bastard child a secret, only for him to throw her under the bus to save his own skin. The last we see of Mistress Overdone is her getting carted off to prison, crying “See how he goes about to abuse me!” (Act 3, Scene 1, Line 481) Yes, the last we witness of one of five speaking female characters is of her imminent incarceration. Furthermore, this happens in Act 3 of 5, around halfway through the play! The audience never hears from Mistress Overdone again, and her future is left uncertain. Even Barnadine, a convicted murderer, is given freedom and a happy ending.

Consider writing a few sentences of your essay from a feminist’s perspective. Think about the events of the play from the female characters’ points of view. What is Shakespeare saying by portraying Mistress Overdone (and other women) in such a way? Perhaps he is pointing out the injustices of the patriarchal system, or how uncertain a woman’s life was in his contemporary time.

“Measure for Measure” truly is an incredible text. This blog post is by no means an exhaustive list of all its quirks and complexities. This play’s relevance has survived centuries, and I believe it will continue to be pertinent to audiences well into the future. You are very lucky to be studying a text with such universal themes and ideas that you can carry with you even after high school.

Whether you’re analysing at one article or two, there are plenty of things you can write about. In this, we’ll look at the structure of articles, the placement of different arguments and rebuttals, and other things you can use to nail your essay!

There are four main parts of an article:

What: The arguments that support the contention

When: Their placement in the article

How: The language techniques used to support them

Why: The overall effect on the reader

Try to address all these elements of the article in your essay, as it’ll ensure you’re not leaving anything out.

WHAT: Arguments

The arguments an author uses can usually fall into one of three categories - ethos, pathos, or logos.

Ethos arguments are about credibility, for example, using quotes from credible sources or writing about a personal anecdote.

Pathos arguments target the emotion of the reader. Anything that might make them feel happy, angry, sad, distressed and more can be classified as this kind - for example, an argument about patriotism when discussing the date of Australia Day.

Logos arguments aim to address the intellectual aspects of the issue, and will often have statistics or logic backing them up.

It’s important to mention the different arguments used in the article and it can be useful to take note of the category you think they fit into best. It’s also helpful to mention the interplay between these elements.

WHEN: Structure

Certain elements of the article can have a different effect on the reader depending on where the author places them.

If an author places their rebuttal at the beginning of the article, it can set up the audience to more readily accept their following opinions, and separates them from contrasting views from the get go. You can see this in the 2013 VCAA exam , where the author argues against opposing views early on in their article. In it, the author references the opposition directly as they say ‘some people who objected to the proposed garden seem to think that the idea comes from a radical group of environmentalists’, and rebut this point by proposing that ‘there’s nothing extreme about us’.

The placement of a rebuttal towards the end of the article can have the effect of the author confirming that their opinion is correct by demonstrating why opposing opinions are not, and can give a sense of finality to the article. It’s sometimes used when the author’s contention is a little controversial, as it’s less aggressive than a rebuttal placed at the beginning.

In some articles, the author won’t include a straightforward rebuttal at all. This can imply that their opinion, and theirs alone, is correct and must be supported - as it’s the only opinion that exists. Check out the 2018 VCAA exam for an example of this kind of article. ‍

Contention:

An author’s contention is the main claim they’re trying to prove throughout their article.

Placing their contention at the beginning is the most direct method, and has the effect of positioning the reader to the author’s beliefs from the outset.

A contention placed at the end of an article can have the effect of seeming like a valid, logical conclusion to a well-thought through discussion. To see this in effect, you can look at the 2014 VCAA exam , where the article leads up to the author’s final contention that the governments needs to ‘invest in the next generation of technology’.

The contention can also be repeated throughout the article. The author may have chosen to present it in this way in order to continue reiterating their main point in the audience’s minds, aligning them to their views. An article that uses this technique is on the 2016 VCAA exam , as the author repeats multiple times that a ‘giant attraction’ must be built to encourage visitors and put the town ‘on the tourist map’.

The different ways an author orders their arguments is also something worth analysing.

A ‘weaker’ point might be one that the author doesn’t spend much time discussing, or that isn’t backed up with a lot of evidence. In comparison, a ‘stronger’ argument will generally have supporting statistics or quotes, and may be discussed in detail by the author.

If an author starts with their strongest point and ends with their weakest, they may be attempting to sway the reader’s opinions to align with their own from the beginning so that the audience is more likely to accept their weaker points later on. Take a look at the 2017 VCAA exam to see this kind of technique, as the author’s arguments - that ‘superfluous packaging’ will cause irreversible environmental damage, that the changes they want to implement are easy, and that students should prepare their own snacks rather than have takeaway - get less developed as the article continues.

On the other hand, ending with their strongest point can give the piece a sense of completion, and leave the reader with the overall impression that the article was strong and persuasive.

Want to learn more about these different article components and see how different A+ essays incorporate these elements? If so, check out our How To Write A Killer Language Analysis ebook for all of this and more!

HOW: Language

This refers to the different persuasive language techniques used in the article and their effect on the reader.

The main thing to remember is that the study design has changed from Language Analysis to Analysing Argument . This means you’ll need to focus on the language in relation to the argument - such as how it supports the author’s contention - rather than on the language itself.

If you’re after some more resources, you can look at some Quick Tips or this video:

WHY: Effect

There are many different ways you can describe what the author is trying to do through their article, but they all come down to one thing - persuasion, that is, the writer of the article is trying to get their audience to agree with them. Linking different arguments, their placement and the language that supports them to the overall authorial intent of the article is a great way to enhance your essay.

For some more information on this area, check out this blog post !

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98 English Speech Topics for Grade 12 to choose from

98 English Speech Topics for Grade 12 to choose from: High School speech topics for Grade 12 are often not easy to discover. Also, giving a speech in front of the class may not be the easiest:

English Speech Guide for Grade 12

List of 98 English Speech Topics for Grade 12 to choose from

Studying martial arts is good for mind and health.
Competitive sports can teach us about life.
Reality shows are exploiting people.
Community service should be required for teens.
These qualities make a hero.
It’s important to grow things in a garden.
Violent video games are dangerous.
Lyrics in a song can impact our lives.
Traveling and studying abroad is positive.
Journal writing is therapeutic.
You should spend time with grandparents.
The laptop is better than the tablet.
Religion and science can go hand in hand.
School uniforms are good.
All-girl colleges and all-boy colleges are bad.
Multiple choice tests are better than essay tests.
We should not spend money on space exploration.
Open-book tests are as effective as closed-book tests.
Security cameras keep us safer.
Parents should have access to students’ grades.
Small classes are better than big classes.
You need to start saving for retirement now.
Credit cards are harmful to college students.
We should have a royal family.
We should protect endangered animals.
Texting while driving should be illegal.
You can write a novel.
You can go to your college of choice.
State colleges are better than private colleges.
Private colleges are better than state colleges.
We should do away with penny coins.
Fast food containers hurt the environment.
Plastic straws hurt the environment.
You can eat and enjoy healthy snacks.
You can become a millionaire.
Dogs are better pets than cats.
You should own a bird.
It’s unethical to keep birds in cages.
Liberal arts degrees prepare better workers.
Hunting animals should be banned.
Football is dangerous.
School days should start later.
Night school is better than day school.
Technical training is better than a college degree.
Immigration laws should be more lenient.
Students should be able to pick their schools .
Everyone should learn to play a musical instrument.
Grass lawns should be prohibited.
Sharks should be protected.
We should do away with cars and go back to horse and carriage for transportation.
We should use more wind power.
We should pay more taxes.
We should do away with taxes.
Teachers should be tested like students.
We should not interfere in the affairs of other countries.
Every student should join a club.
Homeschooling is better than traditional schooling.
People should stay married for life.
Smoking in public should be illegal.
Students should live on campus.
Parents should let students fail.
Giving is good.
Education makes us happier people.
The death penalty is good for society.
Bigfoot is real.
We should increase train travel to save the environment.
We should read more classic books.
Fame is bad for children.
Athletes should stay loyal to teams.
We should reform our prisons.
Juvenile offenders should not go to boot camps.
Abraham Lincoln was the best president.
Abraham Lincoln gets too much credit.
Students should be allowed to have cell phones in elementary, middle, and high school.
College student-athletes should be paid for playing.
Elderly citizens on fixed incomes should receive free bus rides.
Colleges and universities should be free to attend.
All South African citizens should complete one year of community service.
Students should be required to take Spanish classes.
Every student should be required to learn at least one foreign language.
Marijuana should be legal for recreational use nationwide.
Commercial testing of products on animals should no longer be allowed.
Felons who have served their time in prison should be allowed to vote once they are free.
The drinking age should be bumped up past 21.
Replacing fossil fuels with cheaper alternative energy options should be mandated.
Churches need to contribute their share of taxes.
The Cuba embargo should be maintained by the U.S.
South Africa should replace income taxes with a nationwide flat tax.
The Bowl Championship Series, also known as the BCS, should be replaced with a true college football playoff system.
Doctor-assisted suicide should be legal.
Spammers—people who bombard the internet with unsolicited email—should be banned from sending their junk mail.
Every automobile driver should be required to take a new driver’s test every three years.
Electroshock treatment is not a humane form of therapy.
Global warming is not real.
Single-parent adoption should be encouraged and promoted.
Gun companies should be held accountable for gun crimes.
Human cloning is not moral.
Religion does not belong in public education.

Requirements to pass Grade 12 | Matric

Hey, Grade 12 Learner! Do you know what it takes to obtain your Grade 12 Certificate? All matric students in South Africa are required to register to write at least 7 subjects and they may not fail more than one subject. Failing more than one subject means you have failed matric. Thus, in order to pass you need to meet the following requirements:

Obtain at least 40% for your Home Language
Pass two other subjects with 40%, an
Get 30% for three other subjects

Career Times is here for you: We have compiled all useful career resources for you to take your career to the higher levels, such as: Schools Directory , Career Options , Jobs , as well as study resources for other Grades ( Grade 11 , Grade 10 , and Grade 12 ) All the best!

Other Grade 12 Past Exam Papers

Accounting Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Economics Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Mathematics Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Technical Mathematics Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Physical Science Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Life Sciences Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Technical Sciences Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Mathematics Literacy Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Biology Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Life Orientation Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Religion Studies Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Business Studies Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Consumer Studies Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Tshivenda Home Language Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
IsiXhosa Home Language Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
IsiZulu Home Language Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Sepedi Home Language Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Sesotho Home Language Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Setswana Home Language Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Seswati Home Language Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Afrikaans Home Language Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
English Home Language Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Xitsonga Home Language Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Tourism and Hospitality Studies Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Computer Applications Technology Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Civil Technology Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Electrical Technology Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Engineering Graphics and Designs Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Information Technology Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Mechanical Technology Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Agricultural Technology Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Agricultural Management Practices Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Dance Studies Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Design Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Dramatic Arts Grade 12 past papers and revision notes
Music Visual Arts Grade 12 past papers and revision notes

This is your year to pass with distinction!!!

Your meory plays a very importantpart in the learning process. In order for information to be stored in long-termmemory, it first needs to pass through your short-term or working memory. This stage of memory is limited in the amount of information it can retain. Information you receive in class must be written down or you will forget it. When revising from your textbooks, seek out the important information and write it down. Organise it logically. Reduce it to key terms or a form that is easy to remember. NB: Take online Quizzes and Tests for different Grade 12 Subjects on: modernclassroom.co.za

We have organised all grade 12 resourcesfor you so that youdont struggle. Check below very usefull resources for your studies even beyond Grade 12:

List of all Grade 12 exam past papers, Memos, and Revision Notes

List of bursaries to apply for, to finance your studies

What Courses can i apply for after matric

Research Title Generator

We’ll help you brainstorm great title ideas for your essay, research or speech in no time!

Every piece of writing needs a title. It expresses the main idea, sets the right tone from the very beginning. Plus, a good title prepares the audience for what’s coming. Whether they are reading or listening to your presentation, it serves two purposes: intrigues and grabs the attention.

Most probably, you already have a lot on your plate. Coming up with a title may not be your priority at the moment. Looking for one online isn't practical as well. It wastes a lot of time and does not bring much-needed results. There are too many ideas on the Internet that can look engaging and fruitful but lack substance.

So, what’s the solution?

Use the speech and writing topic generator on IvyPanda ! Type a search term that you want to center your assignment around and click the “Generate ideas” button. Our idea generator will find a few titles that you can employ. The best part of it - it’s absolutely free!

You can use it for both speaking and writing assignments. Let’s say you want to start writing fiction in your leisure time. Our topic generator will help you to come up with story or chapter titles! Plus, check the tips below that can help you with composing and outlining anything.

🎨 When Do You Need It?
📚 Research Paper
💡 Creative Writing

🔗 References

🎨 when do you need a topic generator.

Our topic generator is useful for various types of academic and non-academic writing. Plus, with its help, you can find a title for your upcoming public talk or presentation. Below, you’ll see for what purposes you can employ it:

Essay. The most popular reason to use an idea generator is to find a title for an essay. You can see a massive variety of topics connected by the keyword of your choice. Pick one or combine a few to get the best essay topic.
Research paper. Writing a research paper can be tricky. It requires a lot of research and attention to detail. Save your time for the most challenging part of it, and let our tool provide you with the best title. Spend your time researching and writing rather than coming up with a title.
Blog. Coming up with a blog post can be as bothersome as completing a though research. Whether you’re writing a game review or recalling your day, our tool can formulate a relevant title for you.
Drawing. Any artist can find themselves stuck in a corner, willing to create something, but lacking an idea. Our topic generator can save you all the trouble and propose a random drawing idea. Don’t be afraid of starting your draft with something that our tool provided. You’ll most definitely end up with an original result.
Creative writing. Are you striving to write but have no idea what to write about? Or you’ve already composed a piece and now looking for a suitable title? Then, our tool is for you. Use it as writing prompts generator to find a new plot point. Plus, pick a title for a chapter or even for a whole story. You’ll still have to use ideation sessions to develop the topics further, though.
Speech. To have a successful presentation, you need to have good public speaking skills. If you don’t have them, then you will have to spend most of your time practicing and memorizing the text, preparing your visual aid (PowerPoint presentation, infographics, etc.). You may lack time for crafting a title—so you our idea generator!

✨ How to Create an Outline?

Here are a few general pieces of advice for a good structure:

Define your goal (Why are you preparing this speech or writing?)
Determine your audience (Who is going to listen to you or read your paper?)
Decide on your topic and thesis (What are you trying to say?)

Depending on your assignment and the goals you are trying to achieve, you can use your outline differently. Here are some outline recommendations for you:

📝 Essay Outline

Having picked your essay topic, you can start the outlining process. To compose an appropriate structure, do the following:

Determine the type. The use of evidence and organization heavily relies on what kind of essay you’re working on. A persuasive essay requires a more factual approach as you’re trying to convince your reader. Hence your outline will include places for examples and proof. In an opinion essay, you won’t have to provide as much evidence your outline structure will be different too
Create a thesis statement. Stop typing or writing for a moment and consider what you’re trying to argue. Create a clear and concise statement that thoroughly reflects your idea. Make the first sentence its preview, which grabs the reader’s attention. Then, elaborate on the thesis in the following paragraphs, proving your point.
Choose the most prominent ideas. Make sure they are connected to your thesis. Use them to develop your paragraphs and argumentation. Introduce each one with a topic sentence at the beginning of the respective part of your essay.
Organize them in a logical order. The basic structure presents an idea for a paragraph, but the order will differ. The presentation of your points in a compare and contrast essay isn’t the same as that of the other ones.

📚 Research Paper Outline

The outline of a research paper is in some way similar to essay one. You still need a thesis statement, arguments that support it, and your evidence.

Nevertheless, there are some major differences too:

Introduction. Start with the attention grabber and a thesis sentence. Then, there is additional information that you can provide in this section. Give an overview of the subject and a justification for your work. Explain why you picked this specific topic. Elaborate on why it’s relevant and why your research and contribution are significant. In effect, you should give a preview of the whole work and explain your objectives.
Materials. In this section, elaborate on the existing theoretical framework. List the relevant works and thinkers, including some case studies that you find suitable. Explain what existing material you implemented in your research and why.
Methods. State your research questions and your method. Tell your reader why you’ve chosen this method in particular.
Results. Provide a list or a description of your findings. Use visual aid (charts, graphs, tables, etc.) to illustrate them but don’t present definitive statements.
Discussion. Provide your critical opinion regarding the topic and the discussions that are happening in the field. Offer your ideas and interpretations.
Limitations. Explain how you were restricted in your research and suggest what can be done next.
Conclusion. In the final part of your paper, provide a brief recap of what you studied and found. Recall your initial objectives and explain what you’ve accomplished. Give some recommendations for future research. Don’t forget to list all the references used in your paper and add acknowledgments, if necessary.

💡 Creative Writing Outline

As we stated earlier, you can use this topic generator for writing a short story or a novel. To ensure the natural flow and logical order of events, you need a good outline.

Before writing, answer these questions:

Who is the protagonist?
What are the circumstances in the beginning?
What is your protagonist’s goal?
Who is the opponent or antagonist?
What misfortune will happen?
What conflict will appear?

Whether you’re composing a story for an assignment, or writing your book for fun, answer the questions beforehand. Combine them in a couple of sentences to create a synopsis that will remind you of your premise.

Then, you need to prepare significant plot points in advance. List all the good ideas that you have, make a few drafts of the key scenes. If you want to present a plot twist, plan it early on and ensure that it doesn’t contradict the story.

Develop your secondary characters before you start writing. Give them personalities and objectives, invest them in the story. Let them support the growth of your main hero.

What’s more crucial:

Pay the closest attention to characterizing your protagonist and their opponent. They hold the plot together, so make them memorable and well defined. Try to give them an intriguing background and unique personalities.

Describe the settings of your story. You can set the tone from the beginning through the surroundings. If you’re writing a mystery, the gloomy weather can enforce the unsettling atmosphere. For a science-fiction short story, you can put your characters on the space ship and dive into action, and so on.

Planning an outline helps with fighting the writer’s block as you’ll always know what to write in the scene. For additional plot points, you can use an idea generator.

🗨️ Speech Outline

To create a structure for your presentation, you can follow the essay organization but make it more detailed. With a good outline, you won’t need to write your speech at all, delivering it seemingly impromptu.

So, the basic structure:

The introduction, where you preview what you’re going to say. Start with a hook that draws the attention of your audience. Show that you’re thinking differently. Continue with a topic and statement, which briefly expresses the core message. Make a natural transition to the central part.
The body paragraphs, where you tell your audience what you’ve intended to say. List the arguments that support your thesis with illustrative examples. The more reasonable your evidence is, the more your audience will agree with you. You can tell a story in the process of presenting your proof. Make your audience feel as if you are in conversation with them. This way, you can trick the human brain into paying more attention. Try to sound natural as well, as if a light bulb appears above your head every time you come up with a point.
The conclusion, where you sum up what you’ve said. Recap key arguments and emphasize your message once again. Call your public to action if appropriate. Don’t talk too fast. This part your listeners should remember long after you finished.

You can use our title generator to find new proof for your speech, as it relies on the keyword of your choice.

Your commemorative speech should depend on the event, your relation to the occasion, and your personal experience. So, topics on shared values prevail:

courage or goals of a person (Steve Jobs)
inspiring examples of success
prominent discoveries
historical events that significantly affected the world (9/11, WW2)

Surreal questions (What if elephants could fly and how it would affect the economy?) can be fun if done seriously. Quirky yet positive titles (The unwritten rules of men’s toilet) are also amusing. The sense of humor differs from person to person, so don’t try to impress everyone.

An appropriate humor can save a tedious topic.

Thanks for finishing the article. We hope you found the topic generator and our tips on outlines useful. Share it with those who may need it for their speaking or writing assignments.

Updated: Oct 25th, 2023

Easy Novel Outline: Free Writing Lessons and Worksheets
7 Steps to Creating a Flexible Outline for Any Story: K.M. Weiland for Writer's Digest
Using Character Sheets in Fiction Writing: FreelanceWriting
8 Basics of Creative Writing: Kurt Vonnegut, Gotham Writers Workshop
Outlining: David Kornhaber, for the Writing Center at Harvard University
Outlining, Writing a Paper: Academic Guides at Walden University
Outline the Paper, Research Process, A Step-by-Step Guide: Research Guides at Georgia Tech Library
Why and How to Create a Useful Outline: Purdue Online Writing Lab
Writing an Outline: Austin Community College
Speech Outline Examples and Tips [Persuasive, Informative]: My Speech Class
Speech Preparation, Speech Outline Examples: Andrew Dlugan for Six Minutes
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Our random topic generator will be of great use in case you need to come up with an original title idea for an essay, research paper, speech, or presentation. Finding a worthy topic to write about can be tough, and our essay subject generator will set you free of this burden.

Advocacy Speech Topics

Alex barski.

An advocacy speech attempts to use ideas to argue in support of a particular subject or viewpoint. Overall, the speaker seeks to convince audiences that she is right and attempts to show them why they should care about a particular subject. These types of speeches use a lot of government statistics, figures and data to help get the point across.

Explore this article

Social Problems
Environment

Advocacy speeches about health can focus on patient care and the proposed government-run health care system. Patient care topics can advocate why the importance of losing weight, finding a trainer, joining a health club, eating better, searching for a better doctor, fighting cancer or getting treated for a particular disease. Speakers can also address the proposed government-run health care system and advocate either for or against it. Topics can also include advocating for the system and how it benefits those with severe medical problems, those who can’t get insurance and those who pay a lot of money for prescription drugs out of pocket. On the opposite side, speakers can advocate how the system will force people to wait in line for a doctor and drive up the cost of private insurance.

2 Education

Speeches about education can advocate for or against charter schools, lessening the emphasis on sports and increasing the focus on classroom learning pr advantages and disadvantages of homeschooling. Topics can also advocate online education as a way to reach rural school systems, smaller class sizes for personal attention to students and longer school days and years so teachers can cover more material. Advocating an increase in education to pay for books, computers, new schools and even programs can all make great topics. Speakers can also argue for the elimination or continuation of the teacher tenure system and how it either promotes poor classroom performance or keeps teachers well informed in their field.

3 Social Problems

Speeches that deal with social problems often become highly controversial as to the way to deal with the problem, encouraging speakers argue and advocate their point of view. Arguing for more money for police to fight the war on drugs, why abortion is immoral, how physician-assisted suicide is unethical and why capital punishment is cruel all make great speech topics. Advocacy speeches can also include why spending more money to fight the drug problem won’t help, why abortion should be the personal choice of women, why physician-assisted suicide is better than suffering and why capital punishment is justifiable. To support claims, speakers can use government data or personal experience about how a particular social problem affected their life, changed them or allowed them to succeed.

4 Environment

Advocating on behalf of the environment, speakers can address issues in government regulation on both a national and international basis, as well as policies that can affect the economy. Advocacy topics can include allowing companies to drill offshore for oil exploration, protecting land from further development, passing laws to protect oceans from overfishing and protecting animals on the endangered species list. Speakers can argue for why the government needs to take these steps to protect the environment or why they need to loosen regulation to grow the economy. Speeches can also focus on advocating alternative forms of energy such as solar, wind and hydroelectric.

About the Author

Alex Barski began writing professionally in 2006. He is a former television news reporter now working in news management and has written for regional magazines and business journals in Pennsylvania. Barski has also served as a college professor, teaching courses in mass media and writing. He has a Bachelor of Arts in mass communications and English from King's College.

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33 Interesting Writing Prompts for Language Learners (of All Levels)

When your language teachers and tutors advise you to get more writing practice , it can be hard to follow their guidance.

If your daily life isn’t action-packed, keeping a diary in your target language can get boring and repetitive, but what other topics can you discuss?

Whether you’re a beginner or an advanced learner, there are plenty of great things to write about. Here are 33 writing prompts for language learners to get you started.

Beginner Writing Prompts

1. who are you, 2. what are your favorite hobbies, 3. what’s your family like, 4. what’s your best friend like, 5. where do you live, 6. what’s your favorite food, 7. what’s your favorite season, 8. what’s your favorite movie or tv show, 9. describe your daily routine., 10. what are you going to do this weekend, 11. what’s your favorite animal, intermediate writing prompts, 12. what’s the funniest thing that has ever happened to you, 13. where would you like to go on vacation, 14. what’s the best vacation, trip or outing you’ve ever had, 15. where do you see yourself in five years, 16. what are your goals for the future, 17. what were you like as a child, 18. write a poem (rhyming or not) about something that inspires you., 19. pretend you’re instructing someone on how to do your favorite activity., 20. what’s your favorite (or your family’s favorite) tradition.

21. What do you think the world will be like in 50 years?

22. Why is education important?

Advanced writing prompts, 23. if you were given three wishes, what would you wish for, 24. what do you think the most significant world problem is, 25. if you could change one thing about society, what would you change, 26. how has the internet affected communication how do you see it affecting communication in the future, 27. what do you think would be an ideal political system does an ideal system exist, 28. who’s responsible for poverty why does it exist, and how could it be resolved, 29. what’s your favorite literary work, and what has it taught you, 30. if you could teach your future children or other children of the future one lesson, what would it be, 31. what medical issues have you or your loved ones faced how did you handle them or how do you continue to handle them, 32. what topics are not adequately addressed in schools today why should these topics be addressed more, 33. describe a recent world event. what are the potential consequences of this event, why use foreign language writing prompts, how to get the most out of writing prompts for language learners, and one more thing....

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Beginning level students usually know basic vocabulary related to describing people, weather, food, animals, routines and related topics.

Writing as a beginning student can be a bit tricky because you don’t yet have a vast vocabulary. Additionally, your verb conjugation abilities are probably limited, so you may need to stick to the present tense.

These writing prompts can be answered with simple, general vocabulary and present tense verbs , so they’re ideal for beginning students.

You can take this question in a wide variety of directions. Based on what vocabulary you want to practice, you might describe your appearance, your job and/or your interests. If you want to try using more advanced-level vocabulary, you could try getting more philosophical with your response.

Everyone has something they like to do. What are your favorite hobbies? If your vocabulary is limited, you might try simple responses, like “I like sports.” However, as your vocabulary gets more advanced, you can add more detail into your response. For instance, “I like sports, especially soccer. My favorite thing about soccer is hitting the ball with my head.”

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What do they look like? What are their personalities like? How is each person related to you? What are their interests? This prompt can be used for quick, easy writing practice or for a book-length extended project.

You can describe your friend physically, describe their personality and/or explain what you like to do together. If you already know some past tense verbs, you might even tell a story about something that happened with your friend in the past to illustrate what your friend is like.

You could even break this one down into a series of prompts. Describe your neighborhood. Describe your city. Describe your state. Describe your country. You might discuss the layout, culture, businesses, natural environment or how you feel about your location.

Not only can you name the dish and list the ingredients, you can also describe how it tastes. As your language skills progress, you might even try explaining how the dish is made.

With this prompt, you can address a variety of subtopics. What is the weather like? What does the season look like? How does it feel? What events or holidays happen during the season?

You can describe what happens in the movie or TV show in either past or present tense. You might also note the genre and/or describe the characters.

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Major bonus points if you can describe a Netflix movie or TV show that you also watch in your target language!

Beginning students commonly learn words related to daily routines, so go through your day and explain what you do. When do you wake up? How do you get ready for work or school? What do you eat for breakfast? When do you leave for work or school? How do you get there? What do you do once you’re there? What do you eat for lunch? When do you leave? What do you eat for dinner? How do you relax in the evening?

This question can be a little more advanced in that you could use future tense verbs. However, if you don’t yet know future tense, depending on what your target language is, you may be able to simply use “I am going to…” constructions. Writing about your plans can help you practice words for common activities and prepare you for real conversations you may have with native speakers.

You might describe the animal, what it looks like, what it eats, where it lives, etc. This can give you practice with animal words, physical descriptions, food words and location-related vocabulary.

As an intermediate writer, it’s time to up your game. Now, you can use a broader range of vocabulary words and verb tenses. These prompts will help you make good use of your advancing skills.

Whip out your past tense verbs for this one! Consider writing the story of the funniest thing you’ve experienced. Maybe it’s something that happened to you or maybe it’s just something you witnessed. Regardless, this will give you practice with more diverse vocabulary and past tense verbs.

This prompt invites you to give your conditional verb tenses a workout. Where would you like to go? Why would you like to visit this location? What would you like to do there? Who would you go with?

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Describing the best out-of-the-ordinary experience you’ve had, whether a vacation or any other break from daily routine, gives you an opportunity to use plenty of past tense verbs. You might even work in some less common verbs to describe specific activities you participated in, like snorkeling or skiing. You can describe the experience, who you were with, what you did and what made it so enjoyable. Feeling nostalgic? Look at old photos if you have them and describe them in your target language.

Oh, the age-old interview question! In your native language, it’s probably an uncomfortable opportunity to reflect on your goals, but in your target language, it can be a valuable way to practice using future, conditional and/or subjunctive verb tenses while also employing industry-specific vocabulary.

Plus, if you ever need to do a job interview in your target language, you’ll be happy you have the practice. If you like this prompt, you might even consider using some of The Muse’s list of common interview questions for additional writing prompts.

What do you hope to achieve in your life? You might use future tense here, but if you prefer present tense, you can use an “I want to…” or related construction. From there, you can use all sorts of vocabulary words related to your career, family, housing, etc.

Use past tense to describe yourself as a child. You might describe your appearance or personality. To work in more advanced vocabulary, you might also note in what ways you challenged your parents and what you wanted to be when you grew up.

Writing poetry can be a fun way to use your language skills. To make it a little trickier, write in rhyme. You can write about whatever you like, but you can’t go wrong with a love poem. After all, you can always re-purpose it down the road if need be.

Whether it’s cooking, painting or playing Fortnite, this will require the use of commands and a strong vocabulary related to whatever activity you write about.

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Whether they’re monthly or yearly, passed down through generations or made up on the spot, traditions shared by people can be a lot of fun. But they also afford a lot of opportunities to use whatever verb conjugations you need to practice. You can talk about your favorite tradition from the past, how you practice it today or how you hope to practice it in the future. You could even instruct readers on how to adopt your favorite tradition.

21. What do you think the world will be like in 50 years?

Think about society, culture and major world issues. How do you think everything will change and evolve? Not only can you use future tense verbs, but this prompt will give you the opportunity to use more advanced vocabulary related to science, technology, culture and/or politics. Depending on your vision, you could even expand your work into a sci-fi or dystopian novel.

This prompt could work with either present tense or conditional verbs. However, more importantly, it invites you to use plenty of more advanced vocabulary relating to learning, careers and society. Responding to this prompt could even serve as extra motivation by reminding you why education or learning of any kind (including your language learning) is so important to you.

As an advanced student, you should be aiming to write without having to think too much. You should be able to navigate seamlessly between any verb tenses and use your large and diverse vocabulary effectively. These prompts aim to help you exercise a broad array of skills.

Okay, you might not have a genie in a bottle, but what would you ask for if you did? This question invites the use of conditional tense verbs. Plus, the vocabulary you use is likely to be as diverse and varied as your dreams.

Writing about current world problems can help you use vocabulary words that are relevant today but might not be terribly common. While you could use present tense, you might also use future and/or conditional tense to examine how this issue could cause long-term consequences.

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Take this world’s problems and turn them around! Considering what you would change about society will give you an opportunity to use conditional tense and/or commands to explain what needs to change and how.

Past and future tense in one prompt? How can you resist? Not only that, this prompt invites you to use the latest technology-related words, which are super useful for advanced learners.

This prompt invites you to use advanced vocabulary related to politics and society. Plus, you can use it to practice the conditional tense, future tense and/or subjunctive tense verbs.

This question may feel nearly impossible to answer in your native language, so it will be even more challenging in your target language. However, if you give it a try, you’ll be able to practice words related to society and politics. While you’ll probably use mostly present tense verbs, you might also work in some conditional, subjunctive, future and/or past tense.

Using key literary terms is often reserved for academia, so writing about your favorite literary work will certainly give your vocabulary a workout. While this will be largely in present tense, you might throw in a few other verb tenses for good measure.

What’s the best lesson you’ve learned? Why do you want others to learn it? This question is complex enough that you might incorporate a huge array of verb tenses.

Medical terminology can be a little tricky, but practicing using it is useful , particularly if it relates to a medical condition you or loved ones have. Writing about medical issues and their treatments will reinforce medical vocabulary and past tense verbs. Plus, if you ever experience a medical emergency abroad, you might be relieved to have practiced relevant vocabulary.

You’re educated. You know what’s up. What do you think should be covered more in schools? Addressing this issue gives you an opportunity to use education terms, present tense verbs and conditional verbs.

Not only can you use vocabulary that’s currently relevant, you can also use an array of verb tenses. Start with past tense and then transition to future, conditional and/or subjunctive tenses. Using this writing prompt can help you practice transitioning smoothly between tenses.

Using foreign language writing prompts can help reduce anxiety when writing in your target language . Staring at a blank page can be stressful and can make you want to procrastinate trying to write, but writing prompts can make writing seem less like hard work.
You can also use foreign language writing prompts to determine what vocabulary and/or grammar you need to work on . Writing can help you detect what grammar rules you’re struggling with and what holes in your vocabulary you need to fill.
Writing prompts can help you keep your target language in shape . Skills can slip over time, so continuing to practice your writing can help prevent backsliding.
Using writing prompts can help make it so that writing in your target language feels easy and requires less conscious effort . Writing in a foreign language is a skill like any other. The more you practice it, the easier it will become.
Don’t just write. Read. To write well in your target language, you’ll need to also read in your target language. Luckily, there are plenty of places to read content in your target language . Project Gutenberg offers many classic works in several languages, and BBC News gives you news stories in a variety of languages.
Write as often as possible. Writing as often as possible not only gives you the practice you need to improve your skills, it also keeps you in the habit. If you set aside a few minutes each day for your writing practice, you’re less likely to forget to do it.
Try to use specific rules or vocabulary you’ve recently learned. Trying to use specific grammar rules and vocabulary you’ve recently learned is a terrific way to practice using your new skills. It reinforces them and makes them easier to use the next time.
As you write, note what you’re struggling with. While you’re writing, you’ll probably notice a few hiccups. For instance, you may want a word but realize you don’t know it. Whenever you encounter one of these problems, jot it down. Then, after you write, you can go over your notes to work to resolve whatever issues you struggled with.
Read what you’ve written and correct your own work. Once you’ve responded to a writing prompt, read over your work with a critical eye. What errors do you notice? How could you improve your writing? Going over your work gives you an opportunity to spot some errors you didn’t notice as you wrote.
Consider having a native speaker correct your work. You might ask a friend or a tutor to read over your writing and tell you what they think. You could also consider finding a tutor through italki. Even finding someone to do a one-time check of your writing on occasion can be a huge help.

With these writing prompts for all levels, you’ll never be at a loss for words.

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112 Persuasive Speech Topics That Are Actually Engaging

What’s covered:, how to pick an awesome persuasive speech topic, 112 engaging persuasive speech topics, tips for preparing your persuasive speech.

Writing a stellar persuasive speech requires a carefully crafted argument that will resonate with your audience to sway them to your side. This feat can be challenging to accomplish, but an engaging, thought-provoking speech topic is an excellent place to start.

When it comes time to select a topic for your persuasive speech, you may feel overwhelmed by all the options to choose from—or your brain may be drawing a completely blank slate. If you’re having trouble thinking of the perfect topic, don’t worry. We’re here to help!

In this post, we’re sharing how to choose the perfect persuasive speech topic and tips to prepare for your speech. Plus, you’ll find 112 persuasive speech topics that you can take directly from us or use as creative inspiration for your own ideas!

Choose Something You’re Passionate About

It’s much easier to write, research, and deliver a speech about a cause you care about. Even if it’s challenging to find a topic that completely sparks your interest, try to choose a topic that aligns with your passions.

However, keep in mind that not everyone has the same interests as you. Try to choose a general topic to grab the attention of the majority of your audience, but one that’s specific enough to keep them engaged.

For example, suppose you’re giving a persuasive speech about book censorship. In that case, it’s probably too niche to talk about why “To Kill a Mockingbird” shouldn’t be censored (even if it’s your favorite book), and it’s too broad to talk about media censorship in general.

Steer Clear of Cliches

Have you already heard a persuasive speech topic presented dozens of times? If so, it’s probably not an excellent choice for your speech—even if it’s an issue you’re incredibly passionate about.

Although polarizing topics like abortion and climate control are important to discuss, they aren’t great persuasive speech topics. Most people have already formed an opinion on these topics, which will either cause them to tune out or have a negative impression of your speech.

Instead, choose topics that are fresh, unique, and new. If your audience has never heard your idea presented before, they will be more open to your argument and engaged in your speech.

Have a Clear Side of Opposition

For a persuasive speech to be engaging, there must be a clear side of opposition. To help determine the arguability of your topic, ask yourself: “If I presented my viewpoint on this topic to a group of peers, would someone disagree with me?” If the answer is yes, then you’ve chosen a great topic!

Now that we’ve laid the groundwork for what it takes to choose a great persuasive speech topic, here are over one hundred options for you to choose from.

Should high school athletes get tested for steroids?
Should schools be required to have physical education courses?
Should sports grades in school depend on things like athletic ability?
What sport should be added to or removed from the Olympics?
Should college athletes be able to make money off of their merchandise?
Should sports teams be able to recruit young athletes without a college degree?
Should we consider video gamers as professional athletes?
Is cheerleading considered a sport?
Should parents allow their kids to play contact sports?
Should professional female athletes be paid the same as professional male athletes?
Should college be free at the undergraduate level?
Is the traditional college experience obsolete?
Should you choose a major based on your interests or your potential salary?
Should high school students have to meet a required number of service hours before graduating?
Should teachers earn more or less based on how their students perform on standardized tests?
Are private high schools more effective than public high schools?
Should there be a minimum number of attendance days required to graduate?
Are GPAs harmful or helpful?
Should schools be required to teach about standardized testing?
Should Greek Life be banned in the United States?
Should schools offer science classes explicitly about mental health?
Should students be able to bring their cell phones to school?
Should all public restrooms be all-gender?
Should undocumented immigrants have the same employment and education opportunities as citizens?
Should everyone be paid a living wage regardless of their employment status?
Should supremacist groups be able to hold public events?
Should guns be allowed in public places?
Should the national drinking age be lowered?
Should prisoners be allowed to vote?
Should the government raise or lower the retirement age?
Should the government be able to control the population?
Is the death penalty ethical?

Environment

Should stores charge customers for plastic bags?
Should breeding animals (dogs, cats, etc.) be illegal?
Is it okay to have exotic animals as pets?
Should people be fined for not recycling?
Should compost bins become mandatory for restaurants?
Should electric vehicles have their own transportation infrastructure?
Would heavier fining policies reduce corporations’ emissions?
Should hunting be encouraged or illegal?
Should reusable diapers replace disposable diapers?

Science & Technology

Is paper media more reliable than digital news sources?
Should automated/self-driving cars be legalized?
Should schools be required to provide laptops to all students?
Should software companies be able to have pre-downloaded programs and applications on devices?
Should drones be allowed in military warfare?
Should scientists invest more or less money into cancer research?
Should cloning be illegal?
Should societies colonize other planets?
Should there be legal oversight over the development of technology?

Social Media

Should there be an age limit on social media?
Should cyberbullying have the same repercussions as in-person bullying?
Are online relationships as valuable as in-person relationships?
Does “cancel culture” have a positive or negative impact on societies?
Are social media platforms reliable information or news sources?
Should social media be censored?
Does social media create an unrealistic standard of beauty?
Is regular social media usage damaging to real-life interactions?
Is social media distorting democracy?
How many branches of government should there be?
Who is the best/worst president of all time?
How long should judges serve in the U.S. Supreme Court?
Should a more significant portion of the U.S. budget be contributed towards education?
Should the government invest in rapid transcontinental transportation infrastructure?
Should airport screening be more or less stringent?
Should the electoral college be dismantled?
Should the U.S. have open borders?
Should the government spend more or less money on space exploration?
Should students sing Christmas carols, say the pledge of allegiance, or perform other tangentially religious activities?
Should nuns and priests become genderless roles?
Should schools and other public buildings have prayer rooms?
Should animal sacrifice be legal if it occurs in a religious context?
Should countries be allowed to impose a national religion on their citizens?
Should the church be separated from the state?
Does freedom of religion positively or negatively affect societies?

Parenting & Family

Is it better to have children at a younger or older age?
Is it better for children to go to daycare or stay home with their parents?
Does birth order affect personality?
Should parents or the school system teach their kids about sex?
Are family traditions important?
Should parents smoke or drink around young children?
Should “spanking” children be illegal?
Should parents use swear words in front of their children?
Should parents allow their children to play violent video games?

Entertainment

Should all actors be paid the same regardless of gender or ethnicity?
Should all award shows be based on popular vote?
Who should be responsible for paying taxes on prize money, the game show staff or the contestants?
Should movies and television shows have ethnicity and gender quotas?
Should newspapers and magazines move to a completely online format?
Should streaming services like Netflix and Hulu be free for students?
Is the movie rating system still effective?
Should celebrities have more privacy rights?

Arts & Humanities

Are libraries becoming obsolete?
Should all schools have mandatory art or music courses in their curriculum?
Should offensive language be censored from classic literary works?
Is it ethical for museums to keep indigenous artifacts?
Should digital designs be considered an art form?
Should abstract art be considered an art form?
Is music therapy effective?
Should tattoos be regarded as “professional dress” for work?
Should schools place greater emphasis on the arts programs?
Should euthanasia be allowed in hospitals and other clinical settings?
Should the government support and implement universal healthcare?
Would obesity rates lower if the government intervened to make healthy foods more affordable?
Should teenagers be given access to birth control pills without parental consent?
Should food allergies be considered a disease?
Should health insurance cover homeopathic medicine?
Is using painkillers healthy?
Should genetically modified foods be banned?
Should there be a tax on unhealthy foods?
Should tobacco products be banned from the country?
Should the birth control pill be free for everyone?

If you need more help brainstorming topics, especially those that are personalized to your interests, you can use CollegeVine’s free AI tutor, Ivy . Ivy can help you come up with original persuasive speech ideas, and she can also help with the rest of your homework, from math to languages.

Do Your Research

A great persuasive speech is supported with plenty of well-researched facts and evidence. So before you begin the writing process, research both sides of the topic you’re presenting in-depth to gain a well-rounded perspective of the topic.

Understand Your Audience

It’s critical to understand your audience to deliver a great persuasive speech. After all, you are trying to convince them that your viewpoint is correct. Before writing your speech, consider the facts and information that your audience may already know, and think about the beliefs and concerns they may have about your topic. Then, address these concerns in your speech, and be mindful to include fresh, new information.

Have Someone Read Your Speech

Once you have finished writing your speech, have someone read it to check for areas of strength and improvement. You can use CollegeVine’s free essay review tool to get feedback on your speech from a peer!

Practice Makes Perfect

After completing your final draft, the key to success is to practice. Present your speech out loud in front of a mirror, your family, friends, and basically, anyone who will listen. Not only will the feedback of others help you to make your speech better, but you’ll become more confident in your presentation skills and may even be able to commit your speech to memory.

Hopefully, these ideas have inspired you to write a powerful, unique persuasive speech. With the perfect topic, plenty of practice, and a boost of self-confidence, we know you’ll impress your audience with a remarkable speech!

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English Speech Topics for Students

Updated on
Apr 2, 2024

Writing an exciting and thoughtful speech requires selecting a good topic, researching it thoroughly, and forming individual opinions to express the same. School students are usually asked to speak on a contemporary topic to help them become good public speakers as well as learn the art of expressing oneself in front of an audience. While many speech competitions often allot topics beforehand, you might also have heard of extempore where topics are given on the spot for speech. This blog brings you a list of common English speech topics as well as some helpful tips and tricks that can assist you in effectively expressing your thoughts and opinions in front of an audience. Before starting, we would like to give you one piece of advice: you can also Humanize AI to humanize these topics for better readability and human touch, if required. Let’s begin!

Checkout our 200+ Essay Topics for Students in English

This Blog Includes:

List of best english speech topics for students, 1-minute speech topics, 2-minute speech topics, 3-minute speech topics, easy topics for speech in english, english speech topics on environment, english speech topics on technology, english speech topics on independence day, english speech topics on diwali, english speech topics on corruption, english speech topics on feminism, english speech topics on mother’s day, english speaking topics on capitalism, engish speech topics on gandhi jayanti, english speech topics on reading, english speech topics on communism, english speech topics on deforestation, english speech topics on social issues, english speech topics on important days & events, english speech topics on greatest leaders in india & around the world, english speech topics on indian culture, english speech topics on proverbs, english speech topics on human rights, english speech topics on education, english speech topics on the importance of water, miscellaneous speech topics, types of persuasive speech topics, tips for writing and speaking a speech.

Speeches are all about one’s thoughts. It should not be copied from somewhere. It is all about what the speaker thinks of any given topic. However, take a look at the following list of English Speech topics on different contemporary issues as well as concepts.

The Best Day of My Life
Social Media: Bane or Boon?
Pros and Cons of Online Learning
Benefits of Yoga
If I had a Superpower
I wish I were ______
Human Rights
Environment Conservation
Women Should Rule the World!
The Best Lesson I Have Learned
Paperbacks vs E-books
How to Tackle a Bad Habit
My Favorite Pastime/Hobby
Why should every citizen vote?
Fear of Missing Out (FOMO): Is it real or not?
Importance of Reading
Importance of Books in Our Life
My Favorite Fictional Character
Introverts vs Extroverts
Lessons to Learn from Sports
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder

Quick Read: English Speaking Books

Quick Read: Essay on Peer Pressure

Quick Read: Essay on Health and Fitness for Students

I mportance of Kindness
Is there Value in Homework?
Things I learned in Lockdown
How can food be recycled?
Should Art be a part of the school curriculum?
Should schools teach sign language?
Women make better presidents/prime ministers
Why books are better than movies?
Life was better when technology was simple
Impact of technology on our health
Should children’s reality shows be banned?
Learning in the Wake of COVID-19
Hard Work vs Smart Work
What Makes Learning Fun?
The Coolest Inventions You’ve Seen
Nuclear Energy
Importance of AI in Education
Importance of Extracurricular Activities
Should exams be banned?
How to Tackle Bullying in Schools?

Speech about dreams
Speech about life
Speech on time
Speech on discipline
Speech on happiness
Speech on kindness
Speech on value of time
Speech on health and fitness
Speech on Doctor
Speech on Nurse
Graduation Day Speech
World Health Day Speech
Sex Education Speech
Importance of Education
Is it beneficial to learn a Second Language?
Music has healing power
Success in life
Self Confidence
18th birthday
Love is more powerful than hate
Social Impact of Covid-19
How can Online Learning be Fun?
Make Public Transport Free
Should violent video games be banned?
Speech on Learning

Exploring English Speech Topics? You must also take a look at Extempore Topics !

Climate Change
Ozone Layer Depletion
Reducing Water Levels
Deforestation
Global Warming
Waste Management
Water-Saving Techniques
Reducing the Green Cover of Earth
Endangered species need protection
Importance of fishing regulations
Importance of investing in alternative fuels
Impact of ocean acidification on marine organisms
The misuse of the term “sustainable development” by environmentalists
Microbial benefits
E-Waste Management
Natural Disasters and their impact on economic growth
Energy alternatives – Only solution to the environmental damage
Extinction of rare species
World Environment Day
Disaster Management
Over and Improper Use of Natural Resources
Air, Water and Soil Pollution
Efficiency of Recycling

Also Read: How to Write Dialogue: Format, Tips and Examples

Technology and Mental Health
Privacy in the Digital Age: Navigating the Challenges of Data Collection and Surveillance
The Impact of Technology on Society
Artificial Intelligence: The New Normal
The Role of Social Media in Communication and Social Interactions
Sustainable Technology: Innovations for a Greener Future
The Rise of E-commerce
Gaming Technology: Entertainment, ESports and Interactive Experiences
The Digital Divide: Bridging the Gap for Equal Access to Technology
The Ethical Dilemmas of Emerging Technologies

Also Read: English Vocabulary: Meaning, Types, Tips to Improve

The Journey of Independence Day
The Significance of Independence Day
Indian Independence Day
Remembering the Founding Fathers
The Spirit of Independence
Independence Day and Volunteering
Independence Day Speeches
India’s Road to Freedom
Independence Day and National Identity
Independence Day in the Digital Age
Independence Day and Women’s Empowerment
Diwali: The Festival of Lights and Its Significance in Hindu Culture
Diwali and the Victory of Good Over Evil
Diwali and the Art of Giving
Diwali and the Spirit of Forgiveness
Diwali and Cultural Exchanges
Diwali and the Essence of Joy
Diwali and Social Responsibility
Diwali and Artistic Expressions
The Rituals and Traditions of Diwali
Diwali and the Symbolism of Light
The Economic Consequence of Corruption
Corruption and International Aid
Media and Corruption
Fighting Corruption
Corruption in Politics
The Role of Transparency and Accountability in Curbing Corruption
The Role of Technology in Combating Corruption
Whistleblowing and Protecting Mechanism
Corruption in Business and Corporate Practices
Understanding Feminism
The Future of Feminism
Feminism and Parenting
Feminism and Online Activism
Feminism and Environmental Activism
Feminism and Reproductive Rights
The Gender Pay Gap: Examining Inequalities in the Workplace
Feminism and its Evolution
Feminism and Body Positivity
Feminism and Media Representation: Encouraging Authentic and Diverse Portrayals of Women
Expressing Gratitude and Love to Mothers
The Influence of Mothers in Shaping Our Values and Beliefs
Motherhood and Education
Mother’s Day and Volunteerism
Mother-Daughter Relationship
The Role of Mothers in Shaping Society
Mother’s Day Crafts and DIY Gifts
Learned Lessons from Mothers
Mother’s Day Around the World: Cultural Traditions and Celebrations
Capitalism: An Introduction to the Economic System and its Principles
The Future of Capitalism
Pros and Cons of Capitalism
Capitalism and Globalisation
Capitalism and Consumerism
Capitalism and Financial Crisis: Undertaking the Risk and Mitigation Measures
Capitalism and Environmental Sustainability
Capitalism and the Role of Government
Corporate Social Responsibility in Capitalism
Capitalism and the Digital Economy
Mahatma Gandhi: The Father of the Nation and His Ideals
Remembering Gandhi: Reflecting On His Life and Legacy
Gandhi’s Influence on the Indian Independence Movement
Satyagraha: The Power of Truth and Nonviolent Resistance
Gandhi’s Philosophy of Swaraj
The Role of Women in Gandhi’s Freedom Struggle
Gandhi’s Teaching on Education and Moral Values
Gandhi’s Lasting Legacy
Gandhi’s Vision for a Just and Inclusive Society
The Relevance of Gandhi’s Principles in Today’s World
The Influence of Reading on Emotional Intelligence and Empathy
Reading and Mental Health
Benefits of Reading
Reading and Empowerment
The Role of Reading in Academic Success and Lifelong Learning
Promoting a Reading Culture: Encouraging Reading Habits in Society
Reading Biographies and Memoirs
Reading and Social Connections
The Joy of Reading: Escaping Into the Different Worlds and Characters
Reading and Personal Identity
The Current State of Communism
Communism: An Introduction to the Ideology and Its Historical Context
The Evolution of Communist Movements
The Role of the State in a Communist Society
The Fall of Communist Regimes
Communism and Religious Freedom
Communism and Gender Equality
Communism and Workers’ Rights
The Criticisms of Communism
Deforestation: Causes, Consequences and Global Impact
Deforestation and Climate Change
Deforestation and Carbon Sequestration
Deforestation and Individual Actions
Deforestation and Wildlife Trafficking
Deforestation and Sustainable Development
Deforestation and Indigenous Communities
Deforestation and Biodiversity Loss
Deforestation and Forest Fires
The Importance of Forests

Quick Read: Speech on Nuclear Energy

Women Empowerment
Education of Girl Child
Unemployment
Casteism
Reservation
Importance of Maintaining Hygiene
Child Labour
Social Distancing
Organ Donation
Importance of the Right to Education
Child Trafficking
Cultural Diversity
Struggles of Immigrants
Impact of Globalisation
Adult education
Independence Day
Mother’s Day
World Cancer Day
World Population Day
World Health Day
Ambedkar Jayanti
Gandhi Jayanti
Human Rights Day
Zero Discrimination Day
Women’s Day
Thanksgiving
Anti-Terrorism Day
Hindi Diwas

Check out this list of all the important national and international days in 202 4 !

Mahatma Gandhi
Jawaharlal Nehru
Raja Rammohan Roy
George Washington
Albert Einstein
APJ Abdul Kalam
Nelson Mandela
Kailash Satyarthi
Diversity in India
Speech on Holi
The Role of Yoga and Meditation in Indian Culture and Its Global Impact
The Importance of Traditional Indian Clothing
Indian Folklore
Indian Festivals
The Art of Indian Dance
Traditional Indian Medicine (Ayurveda)
Indian Epics and Mythology
Social Customs and Etiquettes in Indian Society
Indian Sports and Games

Team Leverage Edu

14 comments

I take english speaking classes, please provide me sone more material to help student’s.

Here are some articles on books and study material that will help your students- https://leverageedu.com/blog/english-speaking-books/ https://leverageedu.com/blog/books-by-charles-dickens/ https://leverageedu.com/blog/best-books-by-george-orwell/

I want topic on students and online classes

It is helpful for my school homework thanks 😸

Glad we could help!

Nice advise 👍

Thank you, Pragya!

Not good topics 🤔🤔

Thanks for the suggestion. We will update the blog!

Helpful for students . So I like it

Thanks for reading! Also, read: Daily Used English Words Speech on Importance of English Reach us at 1800 57 2000 for study-abroad related matters!

You people are giving great contribution in internet learning and it is for all….

Hi, thank you for your valuable feedback.

Awesome! Its really awesome article, I have got much clear idea concerning from this post.

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Best free text-to-speech software of 2024

Find the best free text-to-speech software for free text to voice conversion

Best overall
Best custom voice
Best for beginners
Best Microsoft extension
Best website reader
How we test

The best free text-to-speech software makes it simple and easy to improve accessibility and productivity in your workflows.

1. Best overall 2. Best custom voice 3. Best for beginners 4. Best Microsoft extension 5. Best website reader 6. FAQs 7. How we test

In the digital era, the need for effective communication tools has led to a surge in the popularity of text-to-speech (TTS) software, and finding the best free text-to-speech software is essential for a variety of users, regardless of budget constraints.

Text-to-speech software skillfully converts written text into spoken words using advanced technology, though often without grasping the context of the content. The best text-to-speech software not only accomplishes this task but also offers a selection of natural-sounding voices, catering to different preferences and project needs.

This technology is invaluable for creating accessible content, enhancing workplace productivity, adding voice-overs to videos, or simply assisting in proofreading by vocalizing written work. While many of today’s best free word processors , such as Google Docs, include basic TTS features that are accurate and continually improving, they may not meet all needs.

Stand-alone, app-based TTS tools, which should not be confused with the best speech-to-text apps , often have limitations compared to more comprehensive, free text-to-speech software. For instance, some might not allow the downloading of audio files, a feature crucial for creating content for platforms like YouTube and social media.

In our quest to identify the best free text-to-speech software, we have meticulously tested various options, assessing them based on user experience, performance, and output quality. Our guide aims to help you find the right text-to-speech tool, whatever your specific needs might be.

The best free text-to-speech software of 2024 in full:

Why you can trust TechRadar We spend hours testing every product or service we review, so you can be sure you’re buying the best. Find out more about how we test.

The best free text-to-speech software overall

1. Natural Reader

Our expert review:

Reasons to buy

Reasons to avoid.

Natural Reader offers one of the best free text-to-speech software experiences, thanks to an easy-going interface and stellar results. It even features online and desktop versions.

You'll find plenty of user options and customizations. The first is to load documents into its library and have them read aloud from there. This is a neat way to manage multiple files, and the number of supported file types is impressive, including eBook formats. There's also OCR, which enables you to load up a photo or scan of text, and have it spoken to you.

The second option takes the form of a floating toolbar. In this mode, you can highlight text in any application and use the toolbar controls to start and customize text-to-speech. This means you can very easily use the feature in your web browser, word processor and a range of other programs. There's also a browser extension to convert web content to speech more easily.

The TTS tool is available free, with three additional upgrades with more advanced features for power-users and professionals.

Read our full Natural Reader review .

^ Back to the top

The best free custom-voice text-to-speech software

2. Balabolka

There are a couple of ways to use Balabolka's top free text-to-speech software. You can either copy and paste text into the program, or you can open a number of supported file formats (including DOC, PDF, and HTML) in the program directly.

In terms of output, you can use SAPI 4 complete with eight different voices to choose from, SAPI 5 with two, or the Microsoft Speech Platform. Whichever route you choose, you can adjust the speech, pitch and volume of playback to create a custom voice.

In addition to reading words aloud, this free text-to-speech software can also save narrations as audio files in a range of formats including MP3 and WAV. For lengthy documents, you can create bookmarks to make it easy to jump back to a specific location and there are excellent tools on hand to help you to customize the pronunciation of words to your liking.

With all these features to make life easier when reading text on a screen isn't an option, Balabolka is the best free text-to-speech software around.

For more help using Balabolka, see out guide on how to convert text to speech using this free software.

The best free text-to-speech software for beginners

3. Panopreter Basic

Panopreter Basic is the best free text-to-speech software if you’re looking for something simple, streamlined, no-frills, and hassle-free.

It accepts plain and rich text files, web pages and Microsoft Word documents as input, and exports the resulting sound in both WAV and MP3 format (the two files are saved in the same location, with the same name).

The default settings work well for quick tasks, but spend a little time exploring Panopreter Basic's Settings menu and you'll find options to change the language, destination of saved audio files, and set custom interface colors. The software can even play a piece of music once it's finished reading – a nice touch you won't find in other free text-to-speech software.

If you need something more advanced, a premium version of Panopreter is available. This edition offers several additional features including toolbars for Microsoft Word and Internet Explorer , the ability to highlight the section of text currently being read, and extra voices.

The best free text-to-speech extension of Microsoft Word

4. WordTalk

Developed by the University of Edinburgh, WordTalk is a toolbar add-on for Word that brings customizable text-to-speech to Microsoft Word. It works with all editions of Word and is accessible via the toolbar or ribbon, depending on which version you're using.

The toolbar itself is certainly not the most attractive you'll ever see, appearing to have been designed by a child. Nor are all of the buttons' functions very clear, but thankfully there's a help file on hand to help.

There's no getting away from the fact that WordTalk is fairly basic, but it does support SAPI 4 and SAPI 5 voices, and these can be tweaked to your liking. The ability to just read aloud individual words, sentences or paragraphs is a particularly nice touch. You also have the option of saving narrations, and there are a number of keyboard shortcuts that allow for quick and easy access to frequently used options.

The best free text-to-speech software for websites

5. Zabaware Text-to-Speech Reader

Despite its basic looks, Zabaware Text-to-Speech Reader has more to offer than you might first think. You can open numerous file formats directly in the program, or just copy and paste text.

Alternatively, as long as you have the program running and the relevant option enables, Zabaware Text-to-Speech Reader can read aloud any text you copy to the clipboard – great if you want to convert words from websites to speech – as well as dialog boxes that pop up. One of the best free text-to-speech software right now, this can also convert text files to WAV format.

Unfortunately the selection of voices is limited, and the only settings you can customize are volume and speed unless you burrow deep into settings to fiddle with pronunciations. Additional voices are available for an additional fee which seems rather steep, holding it back from a higher place in our list.

The best free text-to-speech software: FAQs

What are the limitations of free tts software.

As you might expect, some free versions of TTS software do come with certain limitations. These include the amount of choices you get for the different amount of voices in some case. For instance, Zabaware gives you two for free, but you have to pay if you want more.

However, the best free software on this list come with all the bells and whistles that will be more than enough for the average user.

What is SAPI?

SAPI stands for Speech Application Programming Interface. It was developed by Microsoft to generate synthetic speech to allow computer programs to read aloud text. First used in its own applications such as Office, it is also employed by third party TTS software such as those featured in this list.

In the context of TTS software, there are more SAPI 4 voices to choose from, whereas SAPI 5 voices are generally of a higher quality.

Should I output files to MP3 or WAV?

Many free TTS programs give you the option to download an audio file of the speech to save and transfer to different devices.

MP3 is the most common audio format, and compatible with pretty much any modern device capable of playing back audio. The WAV format is also highly compatible too.

The main difference between the two is quality. WAV files are uncompressed, meaning fidelity is preserved as best as possible, at the cost of being considerably larger in size than MP3 files, which do compress.

Ultimately, however, MP3 files with a bit rate of 256 kbps and above should more than suffice, and you'll struggle to tell the difference when it comes to speech audio between them and WAV files.

How to choose the best free text-to-speech software

When selecting the best free text-to-speech software is best for you depends on a range of factors (not to mention personal preference).

Despite how simple the concept of text-to-speech is, there are many different features and aspects to such apps to take into consideration. These include how many voice options and customizations are present, how and where they operate in your setup, what formats they are able to read aloud from and what formats the audio can be saved as.

With free versions, naturally you'll want to take into account how many advanced features you get without paying, and whether any sacrifices are made to performance or usability.

Always try to keep in mind what is fair and reasonable for free services - and as we've shown with our number one choice, you can get plenty of features for free, so if other options seem bare in comparison, then you'll know you can do better.

How we test the best free text-to-speech software

Our testing process for the best free text-to-speech software is thorough, examining all of their respective features and trying to throw every conceivable syllable at them to see how they perform.

We also want to test the accessibility features of these tools to see how they work for every kind of user out there. We have highlighted, for instance, whether certain software offer dyslexic-friendly fonts, such as the number two on our list, Natural Reader.

We also bear in mind that these are free versions, so where possible we compare and contrast their feature sets with paid-for rivals.

Finally, we look at how well TTS tools meet the needs of their intended users - whether it's designed for personal use or professional deployment.

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Daryl had been freelancing for 3 years before joining TechRadar, now reporting on everything software-related. In his spare time, he's written a book, ' The Making of Tomb Raider '. His second book, ' 50 Years of Boss Fights ', came out in June 2024, and has a newsletter, ' Springboard '. He's usually found playing games old and new on his Steam Deck and MacBook Pro. If you have a story about an updated app, one that's about to launch, or just anything Software-related, drop him a line.

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IMAGES

50 Easy Persuasive Speech Topics
270 Engaging School Speech Topics for Students to Consider
😀 Good 3 minute speech topics. How to write a really good three. 2019-02-10
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Informative speech topics
160+ Best & Easy English Speech Topics for Students

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Top 14 Topics For Speech In English
How to write a SPEECH / Features & model for High School & Higher Secondary Exams/ focused on SSLC
How To Write Speech

COMMENTS

243 Easy and Simple Speech Topics [Updated June 2024 ]
Criminals should pay restitution to their victims rather than to society. Eliminate cursing on day-time television. Restrictions on garbage output to reduce pollution and carbon footprint. Legal issues are the best sources to find suggestions for persuasive speech topics. There is a need for more prisons.
50 Easy Persuasive Speech Topics
Bringing your personal experiences to your speech makes it easier to write, and makes your presentation more engaging for your listeners. Try making a list of subjects you're interested in, and a topic idea may even jump out at you! ... Easy Persuasive Speech Topics - 28-36 Funny/Light Hearted Ideas. A Mac is better than a PC! Why [fill in the ...
110 Interesting Persuasive Speech Topics to Impress Your Audience
Add emotional connections with your audience. Make your argument more powerful by appealing to your audience's sense of nostalgia and common beliefs. Another tactic (which marketers use all the time) is to appeal to your listeners' fears and rely on their instincts for self-preservation. Address counterarguments.
99 Easy Persuasive Speech Topics
99 Easy Persuasive Speech Topics. December 19, 2022 by Jessica Scott. Persuasive speech topics are vast and varied. Whether you're looking for a light-hearted topic to entertain an audience or something more serious to inspire action, there are plenty of easy persuasive speech topics to choose from. Take a look at this list of easy persuasive ...
Interesting Topics to Write a Speech On
Instructional Speech. Choose an activity or skill you are capable of completing to write an instructional speech. You can write on raising animals, completing a video game, creating a website, or even redecorating a room. Other instructional topics can range from building a craft to baking a cake or playing an instrument of your choice.
Persuasive Speech Outline, with Examples
The topics are thought-provoking and things which many people have an opinion on. When using any of our persuasive speech ideas, make sure you have a solid knowledge about the topic you're speaking about - and make sure you discuss counter arguments too. Here are a few ideas to get you started: All school children should wear a uniform
Good Speech Topics
For inspirational speech topics or a motivational speaker, you might select a moving story as the centerpiece for a speech on the topic of making the most of life or overcoming challenges. Unique speech topics are fun to write about and can have your audience on the edge of their seats if done correctly!
Here's How to Write a Perfect Speech
Step 3: Edit and polish what you've written until you have a cohesive first draft of your speech. Step 4: Practice, practice, practice. The more you practice your speech the more you'll discover which sections need reworked, which transitions should be improved, and which sentences are hard to say. You'll also find out how you're doing ...
82+ Persuasive Speech Topics That Keep Your Speech Interesting
Here you find out 82+ best persuasive speech topics that will interest your audience. Don't overpay! Place you first order with a 5% DISCOUNT: 5FORU +1 (855) 709-60-79. ... One of the most effective ways to write a good persuasive speech is to pick a topic that is somewhat controversial and that everyone has an opinion about. Your job is to ...
Finding a topic
100 persuasive speech topics for students A great starting point. A site with ideas on how to choose, write and present a speech that is thought-provoking and can keep your audience engaged. Includes a great list of topics to help you prepare for it. 243 Easy and simple speech topics Another great starting point.
30+ attention-grabbing persuasive speech topics to get your ...
Stay Calm and incorporate amazing topics to express your views on certain things. Here is a list of more than 30 amazing Persuasive Speech Topics to help you in choosing the theme for your speech that would have a strong impression on your target audience. Definitely, it will reduce pressure on your nerves. Speech Ideas.
Choosing a Speech Topic: How to Create the Perfect Speech Topic
4. Think about something you're passionate about. Choosing a speech topic can relate to something that's important to you. It could be something that's in the news, or something that's a cause that you believe in. You could also choose something that you've had some experience with, like a hobby or a sport. 5.
PDF Perfect Speech Topic
Brainstorm! This means letting your mind go free, and recording every idea that. 1. occurs to you. Don't play "critic.". At this stage, there are no bad ideas. The whole goal is to fill the page. For now, think quantity, not quality. So go ahead: Grab a piece of paper and start brainstorming speech topics. When you're done, proceed to ...
333 Informative Speech Topics To Rock Your Presentation
The three circles are labeled: "things I am interested in," "things my audience cares about," and "things I can research.". The center point where these three circles overlap is the sweet spot for your speech topic. When (Length): The length of your speech can drastically impact how in-depth you dive into the topic.
257 Research Speech Topics & Essay Titles
Jobs, at that time, was already a famous person. I Have a Dream Speech: Rhetorical Analysis. Martin Luther King's speech "I have a Dream" is recognized as one of the best speeches of the XX century due to its vivid imagery, persuasiveness, and clear structure. Barack Obama Inauguration Speech 2009: Analysis.
7 Unique Speech Topics to Keep Your Audience Engaged
These topics represent what is on the mind and will engage your audience with insights on contemporary issues. Here is a smart list of artificial intelligence speech topics to inform or persuade an audience. Learn about the issues AI presents and get ideas. Interesting Speech Topics For Students on Personal Growth and Development - ideal for ...
A Simple Guide to Writing a Memorable Speech [Infographic]
A Simple Guide to Writing a Memorable Speech [Infographic] Lindsay Kolowich Cox. Updated: April 20, 2017. Published: March 31, 2016. You know what an "average" speech looks like. You've seen tens, maybe hundreds of them in your lifetime. Chances are, you've given a few of them yourself. They're good, and they're useful, but they're not awe ...
Choosing a 'WOW' Topic for your VCE Oral Presentation
Access a step-by-step guide on how to write your Oral Presentation with simple, easy-to-follow advice; Read and analyse sample A+ Oral Presentations with EVERY speech annotated and broken down on HOW and WHY students achieved A+ so you reach your goal; Learn how to stand out from other students with advice on your speech delivery; Sounds like something that'd help you?
98 English Speech Topics for Grade 12 to choose from
List of 98 English Speech Topics for Grade 12 to choose from. Studying martial arts is good for mind and health. Competitive sports can teach us about life. Reality shows are exploiting people. Community service should be required for teens. These qualities make a hero.
Ultimate Research Title Generator for Your Assignment [Free]
Use the speech and writing topic generator on IvyPanda! Type a search term that you want to center your assignment around and click the "Generate ideas" button. Our idea generator will find a few titles that you can employ. The best part of it - it's absolutely free!
Advocacy Speech Topics
An advocacy speech attempts to use ideas to argue in support of a particular subject or viewpoint. Overall, the speaker seeks to convince audiences that she is right and attempts to show them why they should care about a particular subject. These types of speeches use a lot of government statistics, figures and data ...
Welcome to the Purdue Online Writing Lab
Mission. The Purdue On-Campus Writing Lab and Purdue Online Writing Lab assist clients in their development as writers—no matter what their skill level—with on-campus consultations, online participation, and community engagement. The Purdue Writing Lab serves the Purdue, West Lafayette, campus and coordinates with local literacy initiatives.
33 Interesting Writing Prompts for Language Learners (of All Levels)
To work in more advanced vocabulary, you might also note in what ways you challenged your parents and what you wanted to be when you grew up. 18. Write a poem (rhyming or not) about something that inspires you. Writing poetry can be a fun way to use your language skills. To make it a little trickier, write in rhyme.
Outline Formats: Step-by-Step Guide with Examples
A. Introduction. 1. briefly mention background of social media. a. specific examples like Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. 2. explain how social media is a major part of modern people's lives. 3. end with a teaser about whether or not social media is actually good. B. The advantages of social media.
112 Persuasive Speech Topics That Are Actually Engaging
112 Engaging Persuasive Speech Topics. Tips for Preparing Your Persuasive Speech. Writing a stellar persuasive speech requires a carefully crafted argument that will resonate with your audience to sway them to your side. This feat can be challenging to accomplish, but an engaging, thought-provoking speech topic is an excellent place to start.
The 8 Parts of Speech: Examples and Rules
Just like y is sometimes a vowel and sometimes a consonant, there are words that are sometimes one part of speech and other times another. Here are a few examples: "I went to work " (noun). "I work in the garden" (verb). "She paints very well " (adverb). "They are finally well now, after weeks of illness" (adjective).
160+ Best & Easy English Speech Topics for Students
This Blog Includes: List of Best English Speech Topics for Students. 1-minute Speech Topics. 2-Minute Speech Topics. 3-Minute Speech Topics. Easy Topics for Speech in English. English Speech Topics on Environment. English Speech Topics on Technology. English Speech Topics on Independence Day.
Free AI Writing & Text Generation Tools
Grammarly is the AI writing partner that understands the larger context of your email or document, so its writing works for you. Simple prompts and instructions can deliver a compelling draft in seconds. A few clicks can transform any text to the right tone, length, and clarity you need. Polish your final draft with strategic revisions ...
Best free text-to-speech software of 2024
The best free text-to-speech software makes it simple and easy to improve accessibility and productivity in your workflows. Best free text-to-speech software of 2024: Quick Menu. (Image credit: 3M ...

243 Easy and Simple Speech Topics

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